• An evaluation has been made of a number of contrasting atmospheric chemical transport models, of varying complexity, applied to estimate sulphur and nitrogen deposition in the UK. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • The models were compared graphically by plotting maps and cross-country transects of wet and dry deposition as well as calculating budgets of total wet and dry deposition to the UK for sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • It provides annual averages of vegetation specific atmospheric deposition of oxidised sulphur, oxidised nitrogen, and reduced nitrogen on a 1x1 km2 grid for the year 2018. (ceh.ac.uk)
  • Hydrogen sulfide can enter soil through atmospheric deposition or from spills. (cdc.gov)
  • YOSE has been monitoring atmospheric N and S deposition since 1981, see the conditions and trends website for park-specific information. (nps.gov)
  • SEQU and KICA have been monitoring atmospheric N and S deposition since 1980, see the conditions and trends website for park-specific information. (nps.gov)
  • Atmospheric transport and deposition processes (rain, snow, wind-blown dust) play significant roles in the spread of contaminants. (usgs.gov)
  • These samplers have been used in remote regions of northern Alaska in conjunction with the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. (usgs.gov)
  • Tree cores from NE Italy show trends in pollution, evidenced through increasing concentrations of sulphur towards the youngest growth, and inverse trends in sulphur isotopes differentiating modern growth with light sulphur isotopes (+0.7‰) from pre-industrial growth (+7.5‰) influenced by bedrock composition. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Sulfur dioxide is found on Earth and exists in very small concentrations in the atmosphere at about 15 ppb. (wikipedia.org)
  • On other planets, sulfur dioxide can be found in various concentrations, the most significant being the atmosphere of Venus, where it is the third-most abundant atmospheric gas at 150 ppm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model calculated daily average concentrations for a model domain covering the UK with a resolution of about 1x1 km2. (ceh.ac.uk)
  • The highest sulfur dioxide concentrations detected by OMI appear in the air directly over two of the complex's large coal-burning power plants, one near the town of Galabovo and one near the village of Radetski. (nasa.gov)
  • however, measured sulfur concentrations in surface and waste waters have ranged from slightly less than 1 to 5 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • This dataset is from the Northern Ireland (NI) DELTA® Gas and Aerosol Monitoring Network, and consists of monthly atmospheric concentrations of inorganic, water-soluble, reactive gases and aerosols measured with the UKCEH DELTA® method at 4 sites across NI for the years 2019 to 2020. (data.gov.uk)
  • The 'Collaborative Research: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) of Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Study' measured cross sections of atmospheric concentrations approximately pole-to-pole, from the surface to the tropopause, five times during. (ucar.edu)
  • In atmospheric lidar applications we use the DIAL (DIfferential Absorption Lidar) technique to measure concentrations and fluxes of pollutants. (lu.se)
  • Further pilot-scale tests examined the atmospheric concentrations of dust via personal dust monitors downwind of foamed rock dust production and application. (cdc.gov)
  • The increasing oxygen level eventually depleted the reducing capacity of ferrous compounds , hydrogen sulfide and atmospheric methane , and compounded by a global glaciation , devastated the microbial mats around the Earth's surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1982. Biogenic sulfur compounds and the global sulfur cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • Manual Method for Measurement of Reduced Sulfur Compounds. (epa.gov)
  • Alternatively, compounds of trace elements like sulfur may color the clouds. (nasa.gov)
  • Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compounds deposited from the air may have harmful effects on ecosystem processes. (nps.gov)
  • Methods of measuring and monitoring atmospheric sulfur dioxide. (epa.gov)
  • Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) like methane, ozone and aerosols have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO 2 and are often assumed to have a short-term effect on the climate system: should their emissions cease, so would their radiative forcing (RF). (nature.com)
  • Sulfate is among the major components of atmospheric aerosols or fine particulate matters. (copernicus.org)
  • Sulfate aerosols could originate from that directly emitted to the atmosphere and that produced by atmospheric physicochemical processes. (copernicus.org)
  • A comparison of largescale models simulating atmospheric sulfate aerosols (COSAM) was conducted t. (knmi.nl)
  • Bryophytes (mosses) have long been used to determine the concentration of heavy metals as an alternative to the collection of atmospheric aerosols. (bvsalud.org)
  • Isotopic evidence for Mesoarchaean anoxia and changing atmospheric sulphur chemistry. (fu-berlin.de)
  • book Atmospheric Sulfur and to Quantum Chemistry. (elogiq.com)
  • At Venus, however, it is a significant component of the atmospheric chemistry and even forms clouds. (esa.int)
  • Nature of chemical bonds, theoretical predictions of molecular potential energy surfaces and vibrational spectra, structures and properties of molecules with heavy elements, tautomerism of classical and non-classical nucleic acid bases, surface chemistry, atmospheric chemistry. (jsums.edu)
  • But Hurowitz thinks the iron oxidation explanation better fits the observed chemistry of Meridiani and does not require the onset of acid water flow to "perfectly coincide with volcanic exhalations and sulfur coming in from an external source for your acidity. (spacenews.com)
  • Sulphur dioxide when emitted, as it travels because of atmospheric chemistry, turns into particulate matter in the presence of ammonia. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Even with the sulfur dioxide emissions from continuously erupting volcanoes, such as those in Hawaii, human sources of sulfur dioxide far exceed natural sources. (nasa.gov)
  • Sulfur dioxide emissions from ore processing facilities in Norilsk exceed that of many volcanoes. (nasa.gov)
  • This study illustrates the long-term impact that short-lived species have on climate and indicates that past (and future) change in atmospheric CO 2 cannot be attributed only to CO 2 emissions. (nature.com)
  • EEA-32 emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) have decreased by 76% between 1990 and 2009. (europa.eu)
  • The reduction in emissions since 1990 has been achieved as a result of a combination of measures, including fuel-switching in energy-related sectors away from high sulphur-containing solid and liquid fuels to low sulphur fuels such as natural gas, the fitting of flue gas desulphurisation abatement technology in industrial facilities and the impact of European Union directives relating to the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. (europa.eu)
  • The reported change in sulphur dioxide emissions (SO2) for each country, 1990-2009, in comparison with the 2010 NECD and Gothenburg protocol targets. (europa.eu)
  • For example: H2S + 3⁄2 O2 → SO2 + H2O The roasting of sulfide ores such as pyrite, sphalerite, and cinnabar (mercury sulfide) also releases SO2: 2 FeS2 + 11⁄2 O2 → Fe2O3 + 4 SO2 ZnS + 3⁄2 O2 → ZnO + SO2 HgS + O2 → Hg + SO2 2 FeS + 7⁄2 O2 → Fe2O3 + 2 SO2 A combination of these reactions is responsible for the largest source of sulfur dioxide, volcanic eruptions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural processes that affect air quality include volcanoes, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates. (windows2universe.org)
  • It is in the gases from volcanoes, sulfur springs, undersea vents, swamps, stagnant bodies of water, and in crude petroleum and natural gas. (cdc.gov)
  • The laser radiation was sent upwards while the boat traversed the plume and thus the sulphur dioxide flux from different volcanoes in the Mediterranean Sea could be determined. (lu.se)
  • Palaeorecords which depict changes in sulphur dynamics form an invaluable resource for recording atmospheric pollution. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Using EA-IRMS, tree ring archives form a valuable resource for understanding local- to regional-scale sulphur pollution dynamics. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • 2019) used a U.S. Forest Service national survey to develop critical loads of nitrogen (N) and critical loads of sulfur (S) to prevent more than a 20% decline in four lichen community metrics: total species richness, pollution sensitive species richness, forage lichen abundance, and cyanolichen abundance. (nps.gov)
  • The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has proposed that coal-fired power plants across the country install air pollution control equipment in phases, with their immediate installation required only in areas with high levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), a by-product of the burning of fossil fuels and a major respiratory irritant. (hindustantimes.com)
  • The paper, titled India Is Overtaking China as the World's Largest Emitter of Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide, said China and India are on opposite trajectories when it comes to sulphurous pollution. (hindustantimes.com)
  • The plume of carbon monoxide pollution from the Rim Fire burning in and near Yosemite National Park, Calif., is visible in this Aug. 26, 2013 image from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) inst. (nasa.gov)
  • These measurements cannot be explained by mass conservation effects or thermochemical sulfate reduction and therefore require sulfur-bearing gases in an atmosphere substantially different from the modern. (syr.edu)
  • Sampling results show that carbon- tetrachloride (56235), ethylene-dichloride (107062), benzene (71432), trichloroethylene (79016), total particulates, sulfur- dioxide (7446095), and ammonia (7664417) were either undetected or below OSHA standards. (cdc.gov)
  • The atmosphere of Io, a natural satellite of Jupiter, is 90% sulfur dioxide and trace amounts are thought to also exist in the atmosphere of Jupiter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The James Webb Space Telescope has observed the presence of sulfur dioxide on the exoplanet WASP-39b, where it is formed through photochemistry in the planet's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you could compress all of the sulfur dioxide in a column of the atmosphere into a single layer at the Earth's surface at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, one Dobson Unit would be 0.01 millimeters thick. (nasa.gov)
  • O 2 , meanwhile, was present in the atmosphere at just 0.001% of its present atmospheric level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pararosaniline method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere : technicon II automated analysis system, EPA designated equivalent method no. (epa.gov)
  • Sulfation plate results may be used to characterize atmospheric corrosion test sites regarding the effective average level of SO 2 in the atmosphere at these locations. (astm.org)
  • 1.1 This practice covers a weighted average effective SO 2 level for a 30-day interval through the use of the sulfation plate method, a technique for estimating the effective SO 2 content of the atmosphere, and especially with regard to the atmospheric corrosion of stationary structures or panels. (astm.org)
  • Here, we present evidence of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes (S-MIF) preserved in Chicxulub impact ejecta materials deposited in a marine environment in the Gulf Coastal Plain of North America. (syr.edu)
  • In terms of electron-counting formalism, the sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +4 and a formal charge of +1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, sulfur dioxide is reduced by hydrogen sulfide to give elemental sulfur: SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O The sequential oxidation of sulfur dioxide followed by its hydration is used in the production of sulfuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to assess the effect of soil pH adjustment on sulfur oxidation, the research was conducted on two sets of soil samples: one set of soil samples had natural pH, and the second one was limed before sulfur application. (mdpi.com)
  • The latter is generated from sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) via oxidation either in the gas phase reactions or in the aqueous phase. (copernicus.org)
  • A 120-day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the applied waste elemental sulfur on sulfur bioavailability in soil. (mdpi.com)
  • NASA sensors, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite, provide daily global maps of sulfur dioxide. (nasa.gov)
  • Hydrogen sulfide is used primarily in the production of sulfur and sulfuric acid. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States in 1979, 23.6 million metric tons (26 million U.S. short tons) of sulfur dioxide were used in this way, compared with 150,000 metric tons (165,347 U.S. short tons) used for other purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The top image in this pair shows measurements of sulfur dioxide in the air over one of the largest power plants in eastern Europe, the Maritsa Iztok Complex in Bulgaria, on January 12, 2009. (nasa.gov)
  • However, via their climate impact, SLCFs can affect carbon sinks and atmospheric CO 2 , causing additional climate change. (nature.com)
  • Stewardship" reads, "While atmospheric carbon dioxide (co 2 ) is certainly on the rise, and global average temperature has almost certainly risen slightly in the last 120 years or so, it is by no means certain that the rising temperature stems from the rising co 2 ….Highly speculative computer climate models drove the great fears of global warming that arose in the 1980s and endured through the 1990s. (motherjones.com)
  • 60 degrees Fahrenheit to the Earth's average temperature [which would be about zero degree Fahrenheit without the greenhouse effect], it doesn't seem atmospheric carbon dioxide levels - even if they triple or quadruple due to human activities - are all that important to global climate. (motherjones.com)
  • There, it reacts with water to form clouds of sulfuric acid, and is a key component of the planet's global atmospheric sulfur cycle and contributes to global warming. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO 2 , H 2 SO 4 and nanoparticle formation. (nasa.gov)
  • book Atmospheric of Atoms and Molecules. (elogiq.com)
  • Sulfur deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. (mdpi.com)
  • For this episode of The Agronomists, we dive in to the world of sulphur: why crops need it, why farmers have to add it, and how to diagnose and correct a deficiency. (realagriculture.com)
  • Two tightly regulated biochemical processes, metallation of porphyrin at the last stage of heme biosynthesis and the generation of iron-sulphur clusters (ISC), take place inside the mitochondrial matrix and utilise around 80% of the iron acquired by organisms. (lu.se)
  • The EOL data archive contains atmospheric, meteorological, and other geophysical datasets from operational sources and the scientific research programs and projects for which NCAR/EOL has provided data management support. (ucar.edu)
  • RÉSUMÉ Afin d'atteindre les objectifs de santé fixés par le pays pour 2011-2016, une analyse qualitative de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque de cancer au Qatar a été conduite en 2013. (who.int)
  • Atmospheric corrosion is the type of corrosion we are mainly interested in because (i) it has been reported that atmospheric corrosion is responsible for more corrosion-induced failures than any other corrosion type [ 4 ] and (ii) it is the most major corrosion type in SABIC [ 5 ] industrial sites-where the findings of this work are going to be applied. (hindawi.com)
  • Atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials is a function of many weather and atmospheric variables. (astm.org)
  • The effect of specific corrodants, such as sulfur dioxide, can accelerate the atmospheric corrosion of metals significantly. (astm.org)
  • The results of sulfation plate tests may be used in correlations of atmospheric corrosion rates with atmospheric data to determine the sensitivity of the corrosion rate to SO 2 level. (astm.org)
  • However, uncertainty remains regarding the quantity, residence time, and degree to which impact-derived sulfur transited the stratosphere, where its climatic impact would have been maximized. (syr.edu)
  • Environmental context: Sulphur dioxide is emitted when fuels containing sulphur are combusted. (europa.eu)
  • Vertical distributions of sulfur species simulated by large scale atmospheric models in COSAM: comparison with observations. (knmi.nl)
  • The selected particle is coloured according to red for carbon and green for sulphur. (lu.se)
  • The study used sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) released as a slug on the longwall face and in the front of the gob inby the face. (cdc.gov)
  • Dual cation-anion exchange samplers have been developed to collect airborne sulfur, nitrogen, and metals. (usgs.gov)
  • The Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program, funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), was designed to investigate complex-terrain meteorology over a wide range of scales, topographic features, and driving. (ucar.edu)
  • Sulfur dioxide is primarily produced for sulfuric acid manufacture (see contact process). (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon being mixed with shale or marl, and roasted, the sulfate liberated sulfur dioxide gas, used in sulfuric acid production, the reaction also produced calcium silicate, a precursor in cement production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O Tin also reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid but it produces tin(II) sulfate which can later be pyrolyzed at 360°C into tin dioxide and dry sulfur dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sulfur dioxide gets together with water droplets in the air to make sulfuric acid . (windows2universe.org)
  • Four doses of sulfur were applied: 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg S kg −1 dry matter (d.m.) of soil. (mdpi.com)
  • NASA images by Jesse Allen, based by OMI data provided courtesy of Nickolay Krotkov, NASA/GSFC OMI Sulfur Dioxide Group, and Aqua MODIS data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response team. (nasa.gov)
  • The Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS) is a joint effort between the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the National Center for Atmospheric. (ucar.edu)
  • This visualization shows 3D volumetric water vapor data from the Aqua/Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument. (nasa.gov)
  • Although originally designed to measure atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles for weather forecasting, data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on NASA's Aqua spacecr. (nasa.gov)
  • The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument in the assembly facility, 1999. (nasa.gov)