However, the routes by which macromolecules cross endothelium, the hemodynamic stresses that maintain endothelial physiology or trigger arterial disease, and the dependence of transendothelial transport on hemodynamic stresses are controversial. (imperial.ac.uk)
Endothelial cell dysfunction is an initial step in atherosclerotic lesion formation and is more likely to occur at arterial curves and branches that are subjected to low shear stress and disturbed blood flow (atherosclerosis prone areas) (7,8). (marksdailyapple.com)
Atherosclerosis plaques preferentially develop at arterial branches and curvatures under low and oscillatory or even static shear stress induced by disturbed blood flow as opposed to in straight parts, featuring protective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress [14] , [15] . (plos.org)
Atherosclerosis is an arterial condition characterized by the accumulation mainly of lipid tissue, resulting in the narrowing and stiffening of arteries. (tudelft.nl)
Maintain endothelial1
Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
Endothelial6
So it seems that endothelial disfunction comes first, triggered by blood flow stresses. (marksdailyapple.com)
We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)
Arteries3
Then, I discuss the inevitability (or not) of wear and tear on the arteries from blood flow-induced shear stress. (marksdailyapple.com)
I find it rather hard to believe that healthy arteries are inherently fragile and prone to damage and incapable of weathering the "stress" of blood flowing through them, even at the "susceptible" curves. (marksdailyapple.com)
A new model for the analytical prediction of wall shear stress distributions at the base of orbitally shaken shallow fluid layers is developed. (imperial.ac.uk)
The central assumption of the model-which is to link the wall shear stress with the surface velocity-is shown to hold remarkably well over all regimes covered. (imperial.ac.uk)
The abnormal high velocity areas generate a higher amount of wall shear stress than normal and contribute to stenosis and further plaque formation. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormal helical structures expose tissue to low wall shear stresses that it would not normally experience. (wikipedia.org)
Simulations of these flow patterns seek to identify what normal wall shear stress conditions and helical flows are present at specific location within the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
These factors include wall shear stress and helicity. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stent design on wall shear stress (WSS), time average WSS, and WSS gradient (WSSG), in idealized stent geometries using computational fluid dynamics. (researchgate.net)
ISR is associated with excessive damage to the vessel wall and with disturbed flow patterns in the stented vessel, in particular with low values of wall shear stress (WSS). (springer.com)
In the second case, the maximum wall shear stress (WSS) is 12% higher than in the first case. (karger.com)
The intra-aneurysmal blood flow velocity and wall shear stress were diminished as packing density increased. (ajnr.org)
It is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases and its development has been associated with wall shear (WSS) and wall mechanical stress (WMS). (tudelft.nl)
Simulations1
Maps of tracer distribution were compared with numerical simulations of flow to determine effects of different shear stress metrics on permeability. (imperial.ac.uk)
Tissue1
Transport of macromolecules across vascular endothelium and its modification by fluid mechanical forces are important for normal tissue function and in the development of atherosclerosis. (imperial.ac.uk)
Density1
Massive xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice. (jci.org)
Normal1
I find it more likely that poor health, poor diets, and poor lifestyles make us more susceptible to otherwise normal stresses. (marksdailyapple.com)
Factors2
The cholesterol-fed LDLR-/- mice offer a new model for the study of environmental and genetic factors that modify the processes of atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis. (jci.org)
Is shear stress "bad," or do certain factors make it worse? (marksdailyapple.com)
Higher2
In the second case, the Von Mises stress in the peak systole is 26% higher than in the first case. (karger.com)
With regard to the high amount of Von Mises stress, the risk of rupture of the aneurysm is higher in this case. (karger.com)
High1
Orbital shakers are simple devices that provide mixing, aeration, and shear stress at multiple scales and high throughput. (imperial.ac.uk)
Wall shear9
The abnormal high velocity areas generate a higher amount of wall shear stress than normal and contribute to stenosis and further plaque formation. (wikipedia.org)
Simulations of these flow patterns seek to identify what normal wall shear stress conditions and helical flows are present at specific location within the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
These factors include wall shear stress and helicity. (wikipedia.org)
In the second case, the maximum wall shear stress (WSS) is 12% higher than in the first case. (karger.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of radial motion of an arterial wall on the shear stress that flowing blood imposes on the wall (wall shear stress). (psu.edu)
Wall shear stress is known to influence endothelial cell function and may play a role in atherogenesis, but its magnitude and distribution in the circulation are not well understood. (psu.edu)
Wall shear stress was determined as the product of wall shear rate and viscosity. (psu.edu)
By changing the distal impedance element, we determined the influence of the (temporal) phase angle between pressure and flow, or equivalently, tube diameter and flow, on wall shear stress. (psu.edu)
Wang, D. M. / In vitro study of the influence of radial wall motion on wall shear stress in an elastic tube model of the aorta . (psu.edu)
To investigate the effects of hemodynamics on Kaiso function, we utilized a novel in vitro system to apply physiologically determined shear stresses from a human common carotid artery (atheroprotective) or internal carotid sinus (atheroprone) to primary human endothelial cell (EC) monolayers. (virginia.edu)
Biomechanical1
JNK/c-jun were still phosphorylated, but cathepsin K mRNA levels were significantly reduced to almost null indicating separate biomechanical regulation of cathepsin K by shear stress separate from biochemical stimulation. (degruyter.com)
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the vasculature characterized by the accumulation of lipids beneath the endothelium leading to the formation of plaque. (virginia.edu)
Possible triggers for VIC differentiation or dysfunction include hemodynamic shear stress, solid tissue stresses, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and the cellular environment caused by other disease states, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, chronic renal disease, and disorders of calcium or phosphate metabolism. (nih.gov)
Regulation2
There are several levels of regulation which may respond to changes in mechanical stress. (openwetware.org)
While a great deal of research has focused on shear stress regulation of EC phenotype as it pertains to atherogenesis, large gaps remain in the understanding of protein expression and signaling pathways that mediate ECs' response to local hemodynamic environment. (virginia.edu)
Pathways2
In other cases, porin proteins which provide ion diffusion pathways are opened in response to osmotic stress across the membrane. (openwetware.org)
Having established Kaiso's dependence on hemodynamic environment, we sought to elucidate the functional role of Kaiso in mediating transcription pathways downstream of physiological shear stress exposure. (virginia.edu)
Mechanical2
Transcriptional control is also employed by a wide variety of organisms to adapt the cellular machinery to changing mechanical stresses. (openwetware.org)
In some cases, changes in mechanical stress result in differential gene expression driven by mechanosensitive promoters. (openwetware.org)
Gene1
In order to ascertain a more specific understanding of Kaiso function in response to shear stress, potential atherosclerosis-related Kaiso gene targets were identified through a bioinformatic analysis of human promoter sequences. (virginia.edu)
Peak1
In the second case, the Von Mises stress in the peak systole is 26% higher than in the first case. (karger.com)
Treatment1
This finding improves our understanding of hemodynamic modulation of athero-susceptibility and may serve to generate future therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. (virginia.edu)
Expression1
TNFα upregulated cathepsin K via JNK/c-jun activation, but vasoprotective shear stress inhibited TNFα-stimulated cathepsin K expression. (degruyter.com)