CalifornicaNeuronsFasciataPunctataSynapticSensorySpeciesGill and siphonHaresReflexesReceptorOperantBehaviorCaliforniaCircadianTailLong-term mNetworkDetailsFormsWaterArticleReferencePhaseHareNational Resource for AplysiaSlugDactylomelaMolluskSlugsCDNA cloneResearchersNeuronalSiphonNeuroscienceKandelVesiclesSensitizationInvestigatorsMiceMemoryProteinMarineStudiesExperimentsBrainStudyPrimaryTransport
Californica8
- Following the lead of Eric R. Kandel, the genus has been studied as a model organism by neurobiologists, because its gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, as studied in Aplysia californica, is mediated by electrical synapses, which allow several neurons to fire synchronously. (wikipedia.org)
- Serotonin (5-HT) may act as a transmitter of temporal information to the circadian pacemaker (CP) in the eye of Aplysia californica. (erowid.org)
- 우리 실험은 연체 동물 Aplysia californica의 구강 신경절로 진행됩니다. (jove.com)
- The contributions of monosynaptic and polysynaptic circuitry to the tail-withdrawal reflex in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica were assessed by the use of physiologically based neural network models. (yale.edu)
- To investigate how neuron-immunocyte interactions might influence regeneration, we developed an in vitro model whereby neurons and hemocytes from Aplysia californica were cocultured. (elsevierpure.com)
- We study one type of motor program, ingestive feeding in the mollusc Aplysia californica, which can either be triggered when a single projection neuron (CBI-2) is repeatedly stimulated or can be triggered by projection neuron coactivation (e.g., activation of CBI-2 and CBI-3). (bvsalud.org)
- The combined data demonstrated that the atrial gland of Aplysia californica does not secrete detectable levels of either ELH precursor-related peptides or MDGF during egg laying. (elsevierpure.com)
- Kandel then studied the neural system of the sea slug Aplysia californica, which has large nerve cells amenable to experimental manipulation and is a member of the simplest group of animals known to be capable of learning. (webofstories.com)
Neurons15
- Aplysia has only about 20,000 neurons, making it a favorite subject for investigation by neuroscientists. (wikipedia.org)
- In neurons that mediate several forms of long-term memory in Aplysia, the DNA repair enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is activated. (wikipedia.org)
- The neurons will adapt to that stimulus, and fire those neurons more easily, even if the stimulus has a negative effect on the subject (in this case the Aplysia). (wikipedia.org)
- The properties of the synapses displayed in the tests on conditioning involving the Aplysia (which has dopamine neurons but not a ventral tegmental area) are proposed to be directly comparable to behavioral responses such as addiction in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
- We have investigated Aplysia hemolymph as a source of endogenous factors to promote regeneration of bag cell neurons. (nature.com)
- Isolated Aplysia neurons have also become valuable tools for investigating the basic biology of neurite growth and regeneration. (nature.com)
- The ability of neurons from the Aplysia central nervous system to regenerate both in vitro and in vivo has prompted a search for endogenous neurotrophic factors. (nature.com)
- Hemolymph-supplemented media or coverslips treated with poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hemolymph also accelerated outgrowth of Aplysia dopaminergic neurons relative to PLL-treated coverslips alone 24 . (nature.com)
- Sensory neurons are a known site of plasticity in Aplysia. (yale.edu)
- We performed experiments using Aplysia neurons to identify the mechanism underlying the changes in the firing patterns in response to temperature changes. (kjpp.net)
- Accordingly, the voltage-dependent potassium current is likely to play a leading role in the temperature-dependent changes in the firing patterns in Aplysia neurons. (kjpp.net)
- By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, individual peptidergic neurons from Aplysia are assayed. (illinois.edu)
- Synaptic transmission and excitability in Aplysia sensory neurons (SNs) are bidirectionally modulated by 5-HT and FMRFamide. (jneurosci.org)
- A marine slug may seem like an unusual choice for a study of memory, but Aplysia have been used in a wide range of neuroscience studies , thanks to their large neurons, relatively simple nervous system, and set of behaviors. (discovermagazine.com)
- To this end, we investigate the active and passive transport of vesicles in Aplysia neurons while changing neurite tension via applied strain and quantify the resulting dynamics. (nature.com)
Fasciata3
- Aplysia brasiliana = Aplysia fasciata ? (seaslugforum.net)
- Are those 3 all Aplysia fasciata ? (seaslugforum.net)
- It is similar to Aplysia fasciata which is larger and can reach lengths of 40 cm, it is also dark brown or black in colour. (marlin.ac.uk)
Punctata15
- Aplysia punctata rearing up from the seabed. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata (left hand side) with Actinothoe sphyrodeta . (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata eggs in a laboratory. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata eggs on Dilsea carnosa . (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata in a rockpool at Batten Bay, Plymouth. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata on sandy gravel in the Channel Isles. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata showing eye. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata under a boulder. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata with string of pink eggs. (marlin.ac.uk)
- A mating chain of Aplysia punctata in 14°C water. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Egg mass from Aplysia punctata in 14°C water. (marlin.ac.uk)
- The sea hare Aplysia punctata on leaves of Zostera marina . (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata is usually 7 cm long but can grow to 20 cm in length. (marlin.ac.uk)
- Aplysia punctata occurs mainly in very shallow water and occasionally on the lower shore or in rock pools. (marlin.ac.uk)
- The body colour of Aplysia punctata is said to vary with the character of its algal diet. (marlin.ac.uk)
Synaptic1
- Through experiments on the conditioning of the Aplysia, links have been discovered with the synaptic plasticity for reward functions involved in the trait of addiction within mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Sensory1
- AC stimulation in Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) membranes was also blocked by methiothepin. (johnshopkins.edu)
Species3
- Aplysia species, when threatened, frequently release clouds of ink, it is believed in order to blind the attacker (though they are in fact considered edible by relatively few species). (wikipedia.org)
- The Aplysia species serve as an ideal model system for the physical studying of food-reward learning, due to "the neuronal components of parts of its ganglionic nervous system that are responsible for the generation of feeding movements. (wikipedia.org)
- The researchers gave mild electric shocks to the tails of a species of marine snail called Aplysia. (sciencedaily.com)
Gill and siphon4
- In Aplysia, the primary reflex studied by scientists while studying operant conditioning is the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. (wikipedia.org)
- The gill and siphon withdrawal reflex allows the Aplysia to pull back its siphon and gill for protection. (wikipedia.org)
- The links between the synapses during the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex are directly correlated with many behavioral traits in the Aplysia such as its habits, reflexes, and conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
- Kandel, E. R. / Local, reflex, and central commands controlling gill and siphon movements in Aplysia . (nyu.edu)
Hares2
- Aplysia (/əˈplɪʒ(i)ə/) is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are a kind of marine gastropod mollusk. (wikipedia.org)
- Sea hares (Aplysia spp. (rossbennetts.com)
Reflexes1
- This feature gave the model redundancy in its plastic properties and points to the possibility of distributed memory in the circuitry mediating withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia. (yale.edu)
Receptor1
- We attempted to identify compounds that are effective in blocking the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor(s) that activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) in Aplysia CNS. (johnshopkins.edu)
Operant2
- As a result, Aplysia has been used in associative learning studies to derive certain aspects of feeding and operant conditioning in the context of compulsive behavior. (wikipedia.org)
- Operant reward learning in Aplysia. (bvsalud.org)
Behavior1
- And that was to begin to learn how to work out neural circuitry in Aplysia , and look at behavior in the whole animal, and work out the neural circuitry of behavior. (webofstories.com)
California1
- In 2018, scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, have shown that the behavioral modifications characteristic of a form of nonassociative long-term memory in Aplysia can be transferred by RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Circadian1
- Environmental light regulates the phase of a circadian oscillator in the eye of Aplysia. (elsevierpure.com)
Tail1
Long-term m1
- Subsequent to these findings in Aplysia, further research was done with mice and it was found that polyADP-ribosylation is also required for long-term memory formation in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Network1
- Variable task switching in the feeding network of Aplysia is a function of differential command input. (bvsalud.org)
Details1
- available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15338052 page(s): 22-23 [details] original description (of Aplysia australiana Clessin, 1899 ) Clessin, S. (1853-1899). (marbef.org)
Forms1
- In conjunction with other pharmacological probes, this antagonist should be useful in analyzing the role of 5-HT in various forms of neuromodulation in Aplysia. (johnshopkins.edu)
Water1
- Mate attraction in Aplysia involves long-distance water-borne signaling via the secretion of the peptide pheromone attractin from the exocrine albumen gland during egg laying. (elsevierpure.com)
Article1
- Is the Subject Area "Aplysia" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Reference1
- Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 3474 : A Transmitter Role For Serotonin In The Aplysia Eye? (erowid.org)
Phase1
- These results suggest that 5-HT is involved in the transmission of phase shifting in formation in the Aplysia eye. (erowid.org)
Hare2
National Resource for Aplysia1
- The National Resource for Aplysia is supported by an award from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. (nih.gov)
Slug2
- Why is the sea slug Aplysia a strategic model used to study memory? (thenewsindependent.com)
- Kandel developed the sea slug Aplysia - an organism with just 20,000 nerve cells - as an experimental model, using a simple reflex that protects Aplysia's gills to study learning. (the-scientist.com)
Dactylomela2
- Este trabalho descreve alguns aspectos da biologia populacional da lesma-do- mar Aplysia dactylomela em duas praias do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. (ufc.br)
- Others you could see are the Aplysia Dactylomela - fairly large in size, white in colour with black circle markings on the body. (divewise.com.mt)
Mollusk1
- Their model: Aplysia, a marine mollusk widely used in neuroscience for the study of learning and memory. (cea.fr)
Slugs2
- He settled on a group of sea slugs in the genus Aplysia that are famous for having some of the largest nerve cells in the world-so big, in fact, that you can see them without a microscope. (thenewsindependent.com)
- Researchers at The Neuro work with species ranging from Aplysia (sea slugs), to mice, rats, and primates . (mcgill.ca)
CDNA clone1
- The buccalin-related neuropeptides: isolation and characterization of an Aplysia cDNA clone encoding a family of peptide cotransmitters. (nih.gov)
Researchers1
- Due to its simple neuroanatomy and easily-observed learning behaviors, Aplysia is a valuable model organism that allowed researchers to unravel the molecular basis of learning using targeted, reductionist strategies to delineate the pathways by which LTP occurs. (thenewsindependent.com)
Neuronal1
- The neuronal isoform of CPEB in aplysia lacks a canonical phosphorylation site, while it contains a very unusual sequence in the aminoterminal region. (medscape.com)
Siphon3
- In Aplysia, the primary reflex studied by scientists while studying operant conditioning is the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex. (wikipedia.org)
- The gill and siphon withdrawal reflex allows the Aplysia to pull back its siphon and gill for protection. (wikipedia.org)
- The links between the synapses during the gill and siphon withdrawal reflex are directly correlated with many behavioral traits in the Aplysia such as its habits, reflexes, and conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
Neuroscience1
- Aplysia has been employed in the neuroscience field as a model for memory and learning, with potential for use in studies of addiction and nerve senescence and regeneration. (nih.gov)
Kandel2
- Why did Kandel use Aplysia? (thenewsindependent.com)
- Kandel won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Aplysia - or more specifically, for his work on the biological mechanisms of memory storage. (thenewsindependent.com)
Vesicles2
- In addition, Gerencser (1984b ) and Gerencser & Lee (1985b ) have demonstrated an ATP-dependent Cl − uptake in Aplysia inside-out enterocyte plasma membrane vesicles (EPMV). (silverchair.com)
- The plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from Aplysia intestinal enterocytes by homogenization and differential and discontinuous sucrose density-gradient centrifugation techniques as described previously ( Gerencser & Lee, 1985 a ). (silverchair.com)
Sensitization1
- to study how long-term sensitization training led to the formation of non-associative LTM by assessing the significance of RNA extracted from the Aplysia central nervous system (CNS). (epigenie.com)
Investigators1
- The primary goals of the Resource are to optimize and standardize Aplysia used by NIH investigators and to expand the uses of the Aplysia model system. (nih.gov)
Mice1
- Subsequent to these findings in Aplysia, further research was done with mice and it was found that polyADP-ribosylation is also required for long-term memory formation in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Memory1
- Carew, T 1989, Developmental assembly of multiple components of learning and memory in Aplysia . (nyu.edu)
Protein1
- CPEB activity is usually regulated by the amount of protein present, and, in aplysia, by serotonin. (medscape.com)
Marine1
- Facility staff will provide advice on setting up marine aquarium facilities for short-term holding of Aplysia shipped from the Resource. (nih.gov)
Studies1
- As a result, Aplysia has been used in associative learning studies to derive certain aspects of feeding and operant conditioning in the context of compulsive behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Experiments1
- Adult Aplysia (600-1000 g) were used in these experiments. (silverchair.com)
Brain1
- Does Aplysia have a brain? (thenewsindependent.com)
Study2
- Why is Aplysia good to study? (thenewsindependent.com)
- As demonstrated in the present study ( Table 1 ), the addition of ATP, in the presence of Mg 2+ , to EPMV of Aplysia elicited a rapid Cl − uptake significantly above that of control. (silverchair.com)
Primary1
- It was hypothesized that active Cl − absorption in Aplysia enterocytes was mediated by a primary active transport process, because it had been demonstrated that the intracellular Cl − electrochemical potential was less than that measured in the extracellular medium ( Gerencser & White, 1980 ), even in the absence of extracellular Na + ( Gerencser, 1983 ). (silverchair.com)
Transport1
- Lending strength to this hypothesis, Gerencser & Lee (1983 , 1985a ) demonstrated the existence of a CU-stimulated ATPase activity in Aplysia enterocyte plasma membranes, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship between ATPase activity and Cl − transport. (silverchair.com)