Antigens antibodies helminth. Medical search. Frequent questions

Hepatitis B vaccine is one of the widely studied vaccines and correlates of protection against Hepatitis B virus infection are known, but it is not known how the immune status at the time of vaccination, including inflammatory conditions and concurrent infections, might affect the generation of protective antibody titers to anti Hepatitis B surface antigen. (lshtm.ac.uk)
4. Participant seropositive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). (who.int)
Chronic stable hepatitis B and C (including positive testing for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] or hepatitis C antibody), or other stable chronic liver disease are acceptable if patient otherwise meets eligibility criteria. (astrazenecaclinicaltrials.com)

Consequently, Th2-mediated responses are thought to be selectively advantageous to the human host in S. mansoni infection and perhaps other helminth infections [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
In an effort to develop a serological assay with improved specificity for the detection of Toxocara infection, an IgG(4)-ELISA based on a recombinant version (rTES-30USM) of the 30-kDa Toxocara excretory-secretory antigen (TES-30) has recently been developed. (afpm.org.my)
6. Participant with active or chronic Schistosomiasis infection defined by a positive result for microscopy (Urine filtration, Kato-Katz (KK)) and point-of-care - circulating cathodic antigen (POC -CCA) and/or real-time PCR. (who.int)
Helminth parasitic infection diagnosed within 24 weeks prior to the date informed consent or assent (if applicable) is obtained that has not been treated with or has failed to respond to standard of care therapy. (astrazenecaclinicaltrials.com)
Conclusions In children with severe malaria, HIV infection is associated with a lower magnitude and narrower breadth of IgG responses to merozoite antigens and stunting of age-related acquisition of the IgG antibody response to schizont extract. (ox.ac.uk)
The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination, antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests. (biomedcentral.com)
It plays a key role in helminth infection and allergic diseases. (abbkine.com)
However, the importance of RA in the generation of T H 2 responses during helminth infection is not well characterized and the population of cells responsible for RA synthesis in this setting has not been identified. (prolekarniky.cz)
The production of a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the C9 binding site is necessary for further studies of Ts -Pmy function and may be used as a therapeutic agent for T. spiralis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, this mAb is a protective antibody that has potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for T. spiralis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
T. gondii infection induces a shift toward a Th1-type immune response while suppressing a helminth-specific Th2 immune response, paving the way for developing novel vaccines and more efficient control strategies. (ac.ir)
Immune responses to helminth infection. (ac.ir)
Further analysis is necessary to examine no matter whether nearby seroepidemiology within pets might help appraise the risk of SFTSV bacterial infections in residents.Monocyte dysfunction within helminth contamination is among the mechanisms suggested to clarify the reduced parasite antigen-specific Capital t cell reactions observed along with patent filarial infection. (nartsignaling.com)

In phase 2, as the parasites mature and reproduce with the production of eggs, the Th1 response is reduced and a strong Th2 response develops, induced mostly by egg antigens. (hindawi.com)
Hence, it is expected that as worldwide helminth parasites are eradicated, due to better public health practices, there will be an increase in autoimmune conditions. (pharmafocusasia.com)
The most important use of peptides in diagnostic reagents is as antigens to detect antibodies to microorganisms such as viruses, cells, mycoplasma, helminths and parasites such as cysts and trypanosomes. (creative-proteomics.com)
Therapeutic intervention against gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of buffaloes. (ac.bd)
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of buffaloes in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. (ac.bd)
An integrated approach, consisting of stool culture, microscopy and/or specific immunological techniques for toxin, antigen and antibody detection, is required for accurate diagnosis of bacteria and parasites. (unibas.ch)
14-3-3 protein has been reported from a growing variety of helminth parasites. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to invasion by foreign substances, such as parasites and other microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
T H 2 cells mediate protective immunity to helminth parasites that are common in regions of the world where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent [23] , [24] . (prolekarniky.cz)

After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Because these fluids were traditionally known as humors , antibody-mediated immunity is sometimes known as, or considered a part of, humoral immunity . (wikipedia.org)
Th1 cells that produce IL-2, IFN- γ , TNF- α, and TNF- β evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation while Th2 cells that produce IL-5, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 induce a strong antibody response that comprises the IgE class and eosinophil accumulation, but it inhibits several functions of phagocytic cells [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
IMMUNITY PARSITES ANTIBODY ON EXTRACELLULAR PROTOZOA eg. (slideshare.net)
Comparable to the helminths' strategy, the therapy and prevention of autoimmune diseases would require the induction of an anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity, while inhibiting the damaging T-cell mediated pro-inflammatory immunities [4]. (pharmafocusasia.com)
An effective alternative to immunosuppression, would be to elicit an antigen-specific anti-inflammatory immunity, inducing immunotolerance to a self-antigen(s). (pharmafocusasia.com)
Proteins that activated immunity are potential antigens for immunization and the multi-omics phylum-spanning prioritization database that was created is a valuable resource for identifying target proteins in a wide array of different parasitic nematodes. (frontiersin.org)
Methods IgG responses to malaria antigens that are potential targets for immunity to malaria (AMA1, MSP2, MSP3 and schizont extract) were compared between 115 HIV-infected and 115 age-matched, HIV-uninfected children who presented with severe malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). (wellnessadvantage.com)

Diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Kenyan cattle by antibody and antigen ELISA. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, a recently reported recombinant monoclonal antibody (5B) specific to BmSXP filarial antigen was used in developing an ELISA for the detection of circulating filarial antigen in sera of patients with bancroftian filariasis. (afpm.org.my)
All patients positive for cysticercosis on the TS POC test and every tenth patient who was negative for cysticercosis received a brain CT examination and underwent reference testing for T solium cysticercosis (ie, rT24H-EITB, LLGP-EITB, and antigen ELISA). (cdc.gov)
Sensitivity was similar to that of the rT24H-EITB (44%, UI 37-51) and the antigen ELISA (50%, 43-56). (cdc.gov)
For the subset of neurocysticercosis cases with at least one active (ie, vesicular) lesion, sensitivity was above 98% for the TS POC test, the rT24H-ETIB, and the antigen ELISA. (cdc.gov)

Parasitic infections due to protozoa and helminths are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. (merckmanuals.com)
Helminths and intestinal protozoa are considered to play major roles, but the full extent of the aetiologic spectrum is still unclear. (unibas.ch)
Molecular techniques are essential for sensitive diagnosis of many viruses, bacteria and intestinal protozoa, and are increasingly utilised as adjuncts for helminth identification. (unibas.ch)
Parasitic diseases are a widespread, diverse group of diseases caused by helminths and protozoa that go through the life cycle in the human body, feeding and reproducing at the expense of the "host" and causing damage to various organs and systems. (ulstercountylive.com)
Before entering the human body, helminths and protozoa go through a development cycle in other environments or living organisms. (ulstercountylive.com)

Antibodies are heavy (~150 k Da ) proteins of about 10 nm in size, [7] arranged in three globular regions that roughly form a Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the peptide antigens used are obtained from analytical screening within the natural proteins of the corresponding pathogens, and some are brand new small peptides screened from peptide libraries. (creative-proteomics.com)
A cocktail of five recombinant proteins optimized for conserved GI nematode targets was used immunize pigs and test for active antibody responses in both the serum and intestinal ileal fluid of immunized pigs. (frontiersin.org)
An antibody-protein array of putative immunogenic proteins was developed from a combined bioinformatic, experimental, and literature-based prioritization of homologous parasite proteins. (frontiersin.org)

Helminth infections are typically linked with Th2-dependent responses leading to IgE production and eosinophilia. (hindawi.com)
For schistosomiasis, Th2 responses with the production of IgE antibodies against a restricted range of adult worm antigens are associated with protection against reinfection after chemotherapy. (hindawi.com)
Individuals in whom Th2 responses against egg antigens predominate show less severe egg-associated morbidity than those where Th1 responses predominate. (hindawi.com)
Understanding the effect of the existing immune status and the role of bacterial and helminth infections, immediately before vaccination and how these affect generation of protective vaccine responses will provide important information for designing interventions and effective vaccines against several viral diseases. (lshtm.ac.uk)
An understanding of the TcdA and TcdB epitopes that drive broadly neutralizing antibody responses could advance the effort to identify safe and effective toxin-protein chimeras and fragments for vaccine development. (bvsalud.org)
The native and recombinant hookworm FTT-2 protein expressed in HEK293 cells and S. mansoni 14-3-3 protein were recognized by antibodies and induce humoral and cellular immune responses making them possible vaccine antigens [34]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
ICER202101 Adult BCG revaccination induced Antibody and cTfh responses in Latent Tuberculosis individuals with or without diabetes mellitus . (nih.gov)
To underpin these assumptions and further improve predictions made by onchocerciasis transmission models, demographic patterns in antibody responses to salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l. are evaluated as a measure of blackfly exposure. (worktribe.com)
Therefore, we used our recently developed immunoassays to measure human antibody responses to antigens contained in the saliva of blackflies and deposited into human skin when they bloodfeed. (worktribe.com)
In onchocerciasis endemic communities in Ghana, we measured antibody responses to understand age- and/or sex-related demographic patterns in vector exposure. (worktribe.com)
We observed lower antibody responses in males compared to in females, and a substantial decline with increasing age, suggesting that high blackfly biting pressure induces desensitization in the human host. (worktribe.com)
Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antig en-presenting cells (APC). (thermofisher.com)
Among pregnant and non-pregnant adults, HIV affects susceptibility to malaria, its clinical course and impairs antibody responses to malaria antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
A predictive logistic regression model was used to test if HIV was an effect modifier on the age-related acquisition of antibody responses, with age as a continuous variable. (ox.ac.uk)
Results Point estimates of the responses to all antigens were lower amongst HIV-infected children, but this was only statistically significant for AMA1 (P = 0.028). (ox.ac.uk)
HIV was associated with a reduced breadth of responses to individual merozoite antigens (P = 0.02). (ox.ac.uk)
0.0001), but did not modify the rate of age-related acquisition of responses to individual merozoite antigens. (ox.ac.uk)
NK cells are themselves adaptive: remembering their encounters and mounting pattern-sensitive (antigen-aware) secondary responses. (ishinobu.com)
Specifically, AAMφ are an inducible source of RA synthesis during helminth infections and T H 2 responses that may be important in regulating immune responses. (prolekarniky.cz)

Unfortunately, however, the specificities of most of the commercial tests that are available for the serodiagnosis of this disease are not very high and this may cause problems, especially in tropical countries where co-infections with other helminths are common. (afpm.org.my)
7. Participant with soiled transmitted helminths infections (STH) as diagnosed by microscopy (KK) and/or real-time PCR. (who.int)
Our group works on the immunology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of helminth infections (particularly filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworms), TB, and coexistent infectious diseases (helminths/ viruses and TB). (nih.gov)
In 2003, he was appointed as a staff scientist in the NIAID ICER program in India to continue helminth infections research work in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). (nih.gov)
Since 2006, he has served as the scientific director of NIAID ICER India and works on the epidemiology and immunology of infectious diseases prevalent in India, including helminth infections, TB, HIV, and COVID-19. (nih.gov)

Their role in antigen cross-presentation and cancer immunotherapy as well as initiators of immune response and targets of autoimmune attack was also reported. (eg.net)
In the check-point based immunotherapy, specific immune pathways critical for inflammation are blocked by biologics, like soluble receptors and monoclonal antibodies, reducing but without eliminating immunosuppression. (pharmafocusasia.com)
HELMINTH ANTIGEN AND IMMUNOTHERAPY - A helminth protein immunogen is described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Describe how antibodies are acquired for passive immunotherapy. (nursingdons.com)

Each new variant can evade the preceding antibody response until new antibody is produced. (slideshare.net)

Peptide antigens are more specific than natural microbial or parasite protein antigens and easy to prepare, so antibody detection reagents assembled with peptide antigens have low false negative rates and background reactions for detecting antibodies, which are easy for clinical application. (creative-proteomics.com)
Currently, filarial antigen testing is the method of choice for the detection of bancroftian filariasis, and to date, there are two commonly used tests. (afpm.org.my)
The developed assay using the novel 5B recombinant monoclonal antibody could potentially be a promising alternative antigen detection test for bancroftian filariasis. (afpm.org.my)
After a series of optimizations, a final antigen detection LFD assay was developed using a combination of anti-nAgB-IgG and gold-conjugated anti-HCF-IgG. (afpm.org.my)
In conclusion, the antigen detection LFD assay seemed to be useful for diagnosis of CE and possibly for post-treatment follow-up, and merit further evaluation studies. (afpm.org.my)
We foresee that it may improve serodiagnosis of CE when used in tandem with an antibody detection test. (afpm.org.my)
But sometimes helminths may not stay in the body: die and leave, or pass "in passing" without beginning to parasitize (that is why the detection of a "worm" in the feces does not prove the presence of the disease). (ulstercountylive.com)
Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens (CCA, CAA) in urine and serum were utilized. (biomedcentral.com)

commonly refers to pathogens, most commonly in reference to protozoans and helminths. (cdc.gov)
B cells produce antibodies: tags that stick to pathogens, marking them for destruction. (ishinobu.com)
B cells respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of antibodies which then neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. (wellnessadvantage.com)
Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. (bvsalud.org)

The Toxocara test detects antibodies in the human body against these antigens. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Author summaryOnchocerciasis, a disease caused by the helminth parasite Onchocerca volvulus, is transmitted by the bites of female Simulium blackflies. (worktribe.com)
A serology is a blood test that indicates antibodies or parasite antigens. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Kato Katz thick smears and circulating cathodic antigen tests were performed for S. mansoni screening, whereas thick and thin blood smear techniques were performed for P. falciparum screening. (scirp.org)

This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a T solium cysticercosis antibody-detecting lateral-flow point-of-care assay (TS POC test) for the neuroimaging-based diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. (cdc.gov)

7. Describe and identify the purpose of hybridomas and monoclonal antibodies. (nursingdons.com)

This study was aimed at detecting circulating Echinococcus antigen in CE patients using a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay. (afpm.org.my)
It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest. (thermofisher.com)
We report a proof-of-concept study using a dipstick assay to detect Taenia solium antigen in urine samples of 30 patients with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and 10 healthy control subjects. (cdc.gov)
The assay detected antigen in 29 of 30 cases and was negative in all 10 control samples. (cdc.gov)
Although this study was performed in samples from individuals with subarachnoid neurocysticercosis who likely had high circulating antigen levels, it provides the proof of concept for a functional urine antigen point-of-care assay that detects viable cysts. (cdc.gov)

An antibody which binds the isolated protein is also described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
mAb 9G3 is a specific antibody that binds to the C9 binding domain of Ts -Pmy and interferes with Ts -Pmy's complement-binding activity. (biomedcentral.com)

When they enter the human body, the immune system begins to function vigorously, producing antibodies or immunoglobulins. (parazitiintestinali.com)

The truth is, monocytes via filariae-infected people illustrate internalized filarial antigens and also, as a result, show inhibitory floor elements and still have declined cytokine generation. (nartsignaling.com)

An objective that could be attained with vaccines that besides a self-antigen(s), have adjuvants or immunomodulators that induce Th2, while inhibit but without abrogating, Th1 and Th17 immunities [5]. (pharmafocusasia.com)
Although many pertinent self-antigens are known, the lack of anti-inflammatory adjuvants have been the main obstacle to these vaccines' development. (pharmafocusasia.com)

Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Antigen + MHC receptors on CTL permit specific binding to infected lymphocytes. (slideshare.net)

Monoclonal antibody-based localization of major diagnostic antigens in metacestode tissue, excretory/secretory products, and extracellular vesicles of Echinococcus species. (uzh.ch)

An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
The constant region at the trunk of the antibody includes sites involved in interactions with other components of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
Actually, helminths produce numerous compounds which bias the immune system toward an anti-inflammatory tolerogenic phenotype, this way averting T-cell mediated autoimmunity [3]. (pharmafocusasia.com)
Much depends on the stage of the helminth, its invasive properties and the human immune system. (ulstercountylive.com)

6. Antigens - Substance that induces antibody production and interacts with it in a specific way. (who.int)

Characterization of Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens / by Wilfred Uy Tiu. (who.int)

We tested several sets of serum specimens: 104 specimens tested positive for T. cruzi specific antibody and 283 (including 30 specimens positive for antibody to Leishmania spp. (cdc.gov)

Antibody opsonises helminth larva, eosinophils degranulate around it and kill it. (slideshare.net)

Helminths are multicellular and have complex organ systems. (merckmanuals.com)

Type 4 hypersensitivity: antigen stimulates T lymphocytes to produce interferon gamma. (slideshare.net)

This antigen-specific anti-inflammatory response, stimulated by vaccination, would allow the economical treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases, without immunosuppression. (pharmafocusasia.com)
Our group also works on the immunological and clinical outcomes of the interaction between diabetes mellitus (and other metabolic disorders) and TB, helminths (and other infectious diseases). (nih.gov)
A high level of antibodies can indicate diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, oncology, or tuberculosis. (parazitiintestinali.com)

[4] Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids , as well as many secretions . (wikipedia.org)

[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
Conclusions/SignificanceThe decline in age-specific antibody patterns suggested development of immunotolerance or desensitization to blackfly saliva antigen in response to persistent exposure. (worktribe.com)
Injection of J43 also exacerbates EAE and NOD diabetes as do specific antibodies to mouse PD-L1 and PD-L2. (thermofisher.com)
In our body, the function of T cells and B Cells is to recognize specific non-self antigens, during a process known as antigen presentation. (wellnessadvantage.com)
In coinfected mice, elevated levels of T. gondii -specific IgG2a antibodies were detected. (ac.ir)

Reliable interinstitutional blood bank communication is paramount for both reducing the risk of failing to detect transient antibodies and re-exposing the patient to an evanesced antibody with future transfusions. (medscape.com)

Examining the patient's skin, subcutaneous capsules are often found, in which helminth larvae are located. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Secretory / excretory antigens stimulate production of antibody from B lymphocytes and eosinophil stimulation promoter from T lymphocytes. (slideshare.net)
Trypanosoma antigens stimulate antibody production. (slideshare.net)

5. Participant seropositive for hepatitis C virus (Antibodies to HCV). (who.int)

Indeed, to avoid destruction by the host's pro-inflammatory immunoresponse, which due to the parasite's mass would also cause damage to the host, helminths has developed methods to avert an inflammatory immunoresponse while eliciting immunotolerance [2]. (pharmafocusasia.com)

8. Anti bodies - Protein substances produced on challenge by an antigen. (who.int)
Toxocars have antigens, which are represented by complex organic substances. (parazitiintestinali.com)

Helminth 14-3-3 protein interacts with the TGF Type-1 receptor and enhances TGF- signalling in the reactivation of tissue-arrested Ancylostoma caninum L3 [35]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)

These antigens can vary in successive generations of Trypanosoma. (slideshare.net)

In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the complement C9 binding domain of Ts -Pmy (mAb 9G3) was produced using hybridoma technology. (biomedcentral.com)

Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies with therapeutic potentials. (bvsalud.org)

Epidemiology and control of ruminant helminths in the Kericho Highlands of Kenya. (wikipedia.org)

Avidity is a term that can be used to describe antibody-antigen interactions, where multiple, weak bonds form between antigen and antibody. (cdc.gov)

A situation that may be explained by the immunological 'understanding' between the host and the parasitic helminth, a result of millions of years of adaptation. (pharmafocusasia.com)

To test this hypothesis, levels of anti-merozoite and schizont extract antibodies were compared between HIV-infected and uninfected children who participated in the original study. (ox.ac.uk)

Three types of hydatid antigens i.e. hydatid cyst fluid (HCF), native antigen B (nAgB) and recombinant antigen B (rAgB) were prepared and polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised against each antigen. (afpm.org.my)

These measures of antibody acquisition and decay could be incorporated into onchocerciasis transmission models towards informing onchocerciasis control, elimination, and surveillance. (worktribe.com)

Special considerations for studies of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths: A community‐led roadmap to increase rigour and reproducibility. (uzh.ch)
The protein and microRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths - current status and research priorities. (uzh.ch)

7. Describe antigens and describe the characteristics of effective antigens. (nursingdons.com)
18. Describe what happens when a B cell is stimulated by the "right" antigen. (nursingdons.com)
19. Describe what an antibody is, the general shape of an antibody, and identify where antigens bind to on an antibody. (nursingdons.com)
20. Describe the five possible functions of antibodies. (nursingdons.com)
14. Describe and identify the purpose of labeled antibody tests. (nursingdons.com)
Also, describe the difference between the four types of antibody tests. (nursingdons.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms33

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care6

Surface antigen3

Infection13

Parasites9

Immunity9

ELISA5

PROTOZOA5

Proteins4

Responses19

Infections5

Immunotherapy4

Preceding antibody response1

Detection8

Pathogens4

Toxocara1

PARASITE2

Cathodic1

Cysticercosis1

Monoclonal antibodies1

Assay5

Binds2

Immunoglobulins1

Filarial1

Vaccines2

Receptors3

Echinococcus1

Immune system7

Induces1

Schistosoma1

Leishmania1

Eosinophils1

Multicellular1

Hypersensitivity1

Diseases3

Soluble1

Specific5

Detect1

Larvae1

Stimulate2

Hepatitis1

Immunotolerance1

Substances2

Interacts1

Trypanosoma1

Complement1

Therapeutic1

Epidemiology1

Interactions1

Immunological1

Schizont1

Fluid1

Acquisition1

Extracellular2

Describe6