Antigen bind carbohydrate lysosome associated membrane glycoproteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike the majority of lectins they are not membrane bound, but soluble proteins with both intra- and extracellular functions. (wikipedia.org)
It binds to adhesion proteins such as integrins and blocks further binding to other cells or the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
We identified a total of 587 glycoproteins, including 1239 glycopeptides, 526 monosaccharide components, and 8326 intact glycopeptides in glycoproteomics, as well as a total of 4496 proteins identified in proteomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
Any of a class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to their polypeptide chain. (mrenzyme.com)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
Outer membrane proteins are usually antigenic . (amboss.com)

These cells participate in pathogen recognition, apoptotic cell clearance, and antigen presentation ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)

Lysosomes were previously believed to be the sites of the degradation of intracellular and extracellular substances. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerging evidence suggests that lysosomes may also be the cellular center for intracellular transport (Fig. 1 ), signaling (Fig. 2 ), and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular transport. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes function as an intracellular signal transduction platform. (biomedcentral.com)
We have investigated its subcellular localization in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that intracellular CREG resides in all these organisms within lysosomes or its functional equivalents. (boku.ac.at)

In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)
In innate immunity, immune cells are activated by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind to pattern molecules of invading pathogens. (fortunejournals.com)
Their response involves antigen capture, enhancing their MHC-II presentation receptors and production of chemokines and/or cytokines at the site of inflammation [9]. (fortunejournals.com)
In LDL receptors, the class A domains form the binding site for LDL and calcium. (embl.de)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
Exposed collagen fibres bind vWF released from the damaged endothelium, which in turn binds to vWF receptors on platelets to promote adhesion. (teachmephysiology.com)
When a platelet binds to collagen, the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway is activated - a complex system controlled by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). (teachmephysiology.com)

3) Late endosomes can also fuse with lysosomes to degrade their cargo. (biomedcentral.com)
During bulk autophagy, autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles resulting in the degradation of the cargo. (hypothes.is)

These species were identified in the process of characterizing mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II (M-6-P/IGF-II) receptor binding to the surface of B lymphoblasts. (ox.ac.uk)
Peptides eluted from the Man-6-P/IGF-II receptor-binding fraction of immunoaffinity-purified MHC class II from the Swei cell line contained a sequence derived from the propiece of lysosomal acid lipase. (ox.ac.uk)
The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) is a multifunctional tumour suppressor which binds a variety of factors that impinge on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. (boku.ac.at)
As a step towards their identification, we have recently established the individual importance of the different ligand-binding sites of the receptor for its anti-invasive properties. (boku.ac.at)
The N-terminal type A repeats in LDL receptor bind the lipoproteins. (embl.de)
The LDL receptor binds LDL and transports it into cells by acidic endocytosis. (embl.de)
Examples include the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor, which is targeted by antiplatelets such as tirafiban. (teachmephysiology.com)
Once activated, platelets express the GPIIb/IIIa receptor which can then bind with vWF or fibrinogen. (teachmephysiology.com)

Crystallisation experiments of galectins in complex with N-acetyllactosamine show that binding arises due to hydrogen bonding interactions from the carbon-4 and carbon-6 hydroxyl groups of galactose and carbon-3 of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the side chains of amino acids in the protein. (wikipedia.org)
Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)
Antibody is a protein made by plasma cells in the blood to respond and counteracting a specific antigen. (mrenzyme.com)
When Atg8 protein engineered with the red florescence protein (RFP), RFP-Atg8, RFP-Atg8 protein will be conjugated to the lipids and enable the membrane fusion to localize on the autophagosome. (hypothes.is)
A series of interconnected protein and carbohydrate networks that surround and support cells in 3 dimensions. (hypothes.is)
However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. (univ-nantes.fr)
Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. (mdc-berlin.de)
protein_coding" "Cz01g27080.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Solute-binding protein family 5 domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

In previous studies we found that CS/DS-GAGs are expressed on the cell surface of murine and human breast cancer cell lines with high metastatic capacity and that they play a major role in P-selectin binding and P-selectin-mediated adhesion of cancer cells to platelets and endothelial cells [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Opsonins are often antibodies or components of the complement pathway that bind to the surface of target organisms to facilitate this phagocytosis. (medscape.com)

Von Willebrand's factor (or vWF) stabilises factor VIII by binding to it, thus preventing degradation. (teachmephysiology.com)
Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. (univ-nantes.fr)

The ligands include molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the constituents of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. (fortunejournals.com)
Mycobacteria are characterized by their impermeable outer membrane, which is rich in mycolic acids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Growing evidence shows that microvilli play important roles in T cell antigen detection and signal transduction. (bvsalud.org)

We have identified a novel class of peptides bound to MHC class II: mannose 6- phosphate (Man-6-P) containing glycopeptides from lysosomal enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
A lysosome is a cell organelle that contains different digestive enzymes. (mrenzyme.com)
Enzymes bind substrate in their active site and then chemically modify the bound substrate and converting it to a different molecule. (mrenzyme.com)
Les interactions sucres/protéines (enzymes, lectines) sont au cœur de la communication cellulaire tant extracellulaire (interactions cellule-cellule, cellule-matrice, hôte-pathogène) qu'intracellulaire (GlcNAcylation en tant que modification post-traductionnelle). (univ-nantes.fr)

The concave side forms a groove in which the carbohydrate ligand can bind, and which is long enough to hold about a linear tetrasaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
The strength of ligand binding is determined by a number of factors: The multivalency of both of ligand and the galectin, the length of the carbohydrate and the mode of presentation of ligand to carbohydrate recognition domain. (wikipedia.org)
CSPG4 serves as a P-selectin ligand through its CS chain and participates in P-selectin binding to the highly metastatic breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The N-terminal domain of TLRs is associated with ligand binding. (fortunejournals.com)
The most widely studied TLR associated with LPS ligand binding, interaction and downstream activation, is TLR-4. (fortunejournals.com)

It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques. (lookformedical.com)
Blocking the expression of CHST11 with siRNA inhibited CS-A expression and P-selectin binding to MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
NK cells are themselves adaptive: remembering their encounters and mounting pattern-sensitive (antigen-aware) secondary responses. (ishinobu.com)
Therefore, researchers called lysosomes the "garbage disposals" of cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
6) Lysosomes are the pools of metabolites in cells, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
Microvilli are actin-based microscopic membrane protrusions that are present in a wide variety of immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
There are cells, such as phagocytes, that can invade bodies in a process in which the cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf the large particle, giving rise to an internal compartment called a phagosome, and then activating the acquired immunity system by presenting a portion of the phagocytosed and digested foreign substances from its membrane surface. (encyclopedia.pub)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)

They are also termed S-type lectins due to their dependency on disulphide bonds for stability and carbohydrate binding. (wikipedia.org)
Carbohydrate binding is calcium independent, unlike C-type lectins. (wikipedia.org)
However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)

Under the stimulation of the different pathogens, glycoproteins showed a dramatic change. (frontiersin.org)

Tandem galectins contain at least two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) within one polypeptide, thus are considered intrinsically divalent. (wikipedia.org)
The galectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) is constructed from beta-sheet of about 135 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
They cannot bind to other sugars such as mannose because this sugar will not fit inside the carbohydrate recognition domain without steric hindrance. (wikipedia.org)

TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Supplementary Physique 3: Statistical analysis of CD1b-restricted lipid antigen presentation by Mo-DCs. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Supplementary Body 6: Statistical evaluation of Compact disc1d-restricted lipid antigen display by Mo-DCs. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Abstract The lysosome has a key role in the presentation of lipid antigens by CD1 molecules. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
While defects in lipid antigen presentation hN-CoR and in invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cell response were detected in several mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), the impact of lysosomal engorgement in human lipid antigen presentation is poorly characterized. (clinical-research-informatics.com)

Lattice light-sheet microscopy can achieve diffraction-limited resolution in all three dimensions with a temporal resolution of seconds, making it the perfect tool for studying dynamic events of microvilli during T cell antigen detection and activation. (bvsalud.org)
Platelet activation results in a morphological change on the membrane surface of the platelet, increasing the surface area and preparing it for aggregation. (teachmephysiology.com)

Defective N-sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans limits PDGF-BB binding and pericyte recruitment in vascular development. (mdc-berlin.de)

A mannose 6-phosphate-containing N-linked glycopeptide derived from lysosomal acid lipase is bound to MHC class II in B lymphoblastoid cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
During this process, Rab7 promotes the assembly of HOPS, which mediates lysosomal tethering with endosomes by pairing an R-SNARE on a lysosome (VAMP7 or VAMP8) with three Q-SNAREs on an endosome (syntaxin-7, VTI1b, syntaxin-8). (biomedcentral.com)

These glycoproteins are widely involved in important biological processes, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production and glycosylation progression. (frontiersin.org)

Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Antigens are foreign substances that evoke an immune response. (medscape.com)

CREG is a glycoprotein expressed in most mammalian tissues and cell types. (boku.ac.at)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)

Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)

5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)

Galectins essentially bind to glycans featuring galactose and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)

Inhibitor is a molecule that binds to the enzyme to block it activity. (mrenzyme.com)
α-Glucosidase (α-D-Glucosidase), a carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme, catalyzes the liberation of α-glucose from the non-reducing end of the substrate. (medchemexpress.com)

Different galectins have distinct binding specificities for binding oligosaccharides depending on the tissue in which they are expressed and the function that they possess. (wikipedia.org)

The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents. (lookformedical.com)

The uncoated transport vesicles can fuse with autophagosome or heterophagosome to form autophagolysosome, heterophagic lysosome or phagolysosome. (biomedcentral.com)

These oligosaccharides were found to be primarily associated with the bound peptide. (ox.ac.uk)

Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the siRNAs for carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 ( CHST11 ) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ( CSPG4 ) was used to investigate the involvement of these genes in expression of surface P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface P-selectin binding depends on CHST11 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
T cell microvilli are highly dynamic and constantly scan and palpate the opposing antigen-presenting cell (APC) surface in search of antigens. (bvsalud.org)

the bound calcium ion imparts structural integrity. (embl.de)

This study defines a novel approach for isolating rare glycan-modified peptides from MHC class II and demonstrates that very large secondary modifications are tolerated in peptides bound to MHC class II. (ox.ac.uk)

Binding of peptides to MHC class II Ag generates ligands for TCR of Th lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
The acidic residues between the fourth and sixth cysteines are important for high-affinity binding of positively charged sequences in LDLR's ligands. (embl.de)

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. (lookformedical.com)

For example, galectin-9 binds to polylactosamine chains with stronger affinity than to an N-acetyllactosamine monomer. (wikipedia.org)
The third domain is rich in serine and threonine residues and contains clustered O-linked carbohydrate chains. (embl.de)

After a complex process of education and maturation, a circulating lymphocyte can bind to an antigen. (medscape.com)
Here, we report the molecular architecture of the ESX-5 membrane complex from Mycobacterium xenopi determined at 13 resolution by electron microscopy. (regenerativemedicine.net)

1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
The constant management constitutively required to bind down the methylmalonic of aberrant plasma. (evakoch.com)
The effect of N3SP on NHE3 activity was evaluated in NHE3-transfected fibroblasts null for other plasma membrane NHEs, a human colon cancer cell line that models intestinal absorptive enterocytes (Caco-2/BBe), human enteroids, and mouse intestine in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

The exposed collagen itself also promotes platelet binding. (teachmephysiology.com)

Anatomy36

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Chemicals and Drugs130

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Phenomena and Processes40

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Proteins14

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Intracellular5

Receptors9

Fuse with lysosomes2

Receptor8

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ANTIBODIES1

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ENZYMES4

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