Antigen lyme parasitic diseases animal. Medical search. Frequent questions

This Diagnostic Automation/ Cortez Diagnostics Inc. Human Borrelia burgdorferi IgM ELISA test system is designed to detect IgM class antibodies to B. burgdorferi IgM in human sera for the detection of Lyme disease. (elisatestkits.com)
Ticks of the genus Ixodes transmit the Borrelia burgdorferi which is a spirochete that causes Lyme disease. (elisatestkits.com)
Severe fatigue is a common presentation in patients who have been infected by Borrelia burgdorferi , the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, even many years after apparently successful antibiotic treatment. (chriskresser.com)
The other, a tick bite, can mean you have a lingering bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi , also known as Lyme disease . (thyroidpharmacist.com)

Since 1987, the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine has published three reports, each of which documents, from different perspectives, the urgent need to improve our ability to identify infectious disease threats and respond to them effectively. (cdc.gov)
Guidance was subsequently obtained at a meeting of infectious disease and public health experts in Atlanta in March 1993 and at a meeting of state and territorial public health epidemiologists, laboratory directors, and veterinarians in Minneapolis in June 1993. (cdc.gov)
As the Nation's Prevention Agency, CDC looks forward to working with its many partners to address the challenges of emerging infectious disease threats. (cdc.gov)
Leptospirosis (synonyms: Vasiliev-Weil's disease, infectious jaundice, nanakaya, Japanese 7-day fever, water fever, rest-meadow fever, fever of the meadow-fever, etc.) is an acute infectious disease caused by various types of women who have aphidpidor. (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)
Scientists compare gene expression patterns between infected and uninfected host cells, gaining important information about the cellular responses to infectious disease. (pressbooks.pub)
Infectious disease" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
For the journal, see Infectious Disease (journal) . (wikipedia.org)
[1] An infectious disease , also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease , is an illness resulting from an infection. (wikipedia.org)
An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. (wikipedia.org)

The association between aPL antibodies and particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and HLA-linked epitopes has been reported in studies of patients with lupus erythematous (eg, HLA-DR7, HLA-DR4). (medscape.com)
Animals immunized with aCL or with the cofactor beta-2 glycoprotein I (b2GPI) develop clinical manifestations of APS, including fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, and neurologic and behavioral dysfunction, along with elevated levels of aPL antibodies. (medscape.com)
Antigen: a substance that can trigger an immune response and produce antibodies. (drpaulkilgore.com)
After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Immunity produced when an animal's own immune system reacts to a stimulus e.g., a virus or bacteria, and produces antibodies and cells which will protect it from the disease caused by the bacteria or virus. (mysanantoniovet.com)
[3] This huge diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide diversity of antigens. (wikidoc.org)
These epitopes bind with their antibody in a highly specific interaction, called induced fit , that allows antibodies to identify and bind only their unique antigen in the midst of the millions of different molecules that make up an organism . (wikidoc.org)
The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen binding sites (or paratopes ), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity. (wikidoc.org)

Co-infections complicate Lyme symptoms, especially diagnosis and treatment. (wikipedia.org)
This report updates the 2006 CDC recommendations on the diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases in the United States and includes information on the practical aspects of epidemiology, clinical assessment, treatment, laboratory diagnosis, and prevention of tickborne rickettsial diseases. (cdc.gov)
Awareness, diagnosis, and control of tickborne rickettsial diseases are most effectively addressed by considering the intersecting components of human, animal, and environmental health that collectively form the foundation of One Health ( 1 ), an approach that integrates expertise from multiple disciplines and facilitates understanding of these complex zoonoses. (cdc.gov)
Filaments can be white, black, or brightly colored.2-6 Fur thermore, MD patients exhibit a variety of manifestations that resemble symptoms of Lyme disease (LD), such as fatigue, joint pain, and neuropathy.2-6 A study found that 98% of MD subjects had positive LD serology and/or a tickborne disease diagnosis,5 confirming the clinical association between MD and spirochetal infection. (allaboutheaven.org)
Diagnosis is by antigen or PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing of upper or lower respiratory secretions. (msdmanuals.com)

This is natural, since ticks are generally removed immediately upon discovery to minimize the chance of disease. (wikipedia.org)
The CDC reported over 30,000 new cases of the disease in 2016 alone, the majority of which were contracted in the summer months, which is when ticks are most likely to bite humans. (wikipedia.org)
Ticks that transmit B. burgdorferi to humans can also carry and transmit several other parasites, such as Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause the diseases babesiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), respectively. (wikipedia.org)
The Centers for Disease Control's emerging infectious diseases department did a study in rural New Jersey of 100 ticks, and found 55% of the ticks were infected with at least one of the pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
Ticks acquire Lyme disease microbes by feeding on infected mice and other small rodents as nymphs or larvae. (wikipedia.org)
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) transmit multiple and diverse pathogens (including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses), which cause a wide range of human and animal diseases, including rickettsial diseases, caused by bacteria in the order Rickettsiales. (cdc.gov)
While this parasite remains largely in ticks found on the east coast, its range, like lyme disease, has spread across the country to the West Coast and Canada Just as migratory birds are to blame in part for the vector borne illnesses quick progression across the country west and into the deep southern states. (laedwardswriter.com)
A blood test can also find diseases spread by ticks and mosquitoes. (pethealthnetwork.com)
Arthropods such as ticks , mites , fleas , and lice , can also cause human disease, which conceptually are similar to infections, but invasion of a human or animal body by these macroparasites is usually termed infestation . (wikipedia.org)

Allegheny Veterinary Services' In-House Laboratory features advanced clinical equipment that enables our staff members to rapidly diagnose a wide range of acute, chronic, and parasitic infections, diseases, and conditions so that treatment can begin right away. (elkinsvet.com)
Medications used to treat positive heartworm infections in dogs cannot be given to cats , so prevention is the only option for protecting the cat from the effects of heartworm disease. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
IL-4 and immuno-modulation are hallmarks of parasitic infections, my laboratory broadly focuses on using the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni as a tool to understand both, the consequences of IL-4 induced immuno-modulation, and the complex interplay between B, T, and stromal cells necessary to develop an optimal T and B cell memory response. (utah.edu)
In doing so, these co-infections generally results in a more intense or serious acute illness in those infected with Lyme disease alone. (laedwardswriter.com)
The six most common co-infections of Lyme disease. (laedwardswriter.com)
The East coast is where I became infected with Lyme disease and the co-infections of Babesiosis, Bartonella, and Mycoplasma when I was first bitten, then was re-infected about six to nine months after my initial bout with Lyme disease. (laedwardswriter.com)
Over the course of the last 20-years human Babesia infections have increased, and suspicion for this disease should be considered when a tick bite has been found, even if a Bull's-eye rash is not noted at the site of the bite. (laedwardswriter.com)
The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa . (alchetron.com)
as well people with Lyme disease infections are at different stages of the disease, so no treatment is the same. (trilliumhealthsolutions.com)
Also has shown to help increase energy and has shown to be helpful in helping the body fight infections associated with Lyme disease. (trilliumhealthsolutions.com)
Dr. Babu's research focus is on two major thematic areas: 1) immunology of infections and 2) intersection of infectious diseases with metabolic disorders. (nih.gov)
Our group works on the immunology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of helminth infections (particularly filariasis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworms), TB, and coexistent infectious diseases (helminths/ viruses and TB). (nih.gov)
Since 2006, he has served as the scientific director of NIAID ICER India and works on the epidemiology and immunology of infectious diseases prevalent in India, including helminth infections, TB, HIV, and COVID-19. (nih.gov)
Therapy is aimed at control of pruritus, reduction of skin inflammation and restoration of the skin barrier, treatment of secondary infections and long-term management of the disease to reduce flares. (gulfanimalhospital.com)
Three species of Chlamydia cause human disease, including sexually transmitted infections and respiratory infections. (msdmanuals.com)
[4] The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious diseases . (wikipedia.org)
Diseases caused by helminths are sometimes termed infestations, but are sometimes called infections. (wikipedia.org)

The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)

These worms can be 12" long and live in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels of affected pets, causing severe lung disease, heart disease, and damage to the other organs in the body. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
lt;p>Fecal antigen testing tells us if your pet has parasites, such as worms. (pethealthnetwork.com)
Tapeworms (cestodes) are flat, parasitic worms. (msdmanuals.com)
Macroparasites [9] ( worms or helminths ) including nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms , tapeworms (cestodes), and flukes ( trematodes , such as schistosomes ). (wikipedia.org)
Also protects against parasitic worms . (wikidoc.org)

Tickborne rickettsial diseases in humans often share similar clinical features yet are epidemiologically and etiologically distinct. (cdc.gov)
Primary APS is diagnosed in patients demonstrating the clinical and laboratory criteria for the disease without other recognized autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
Although a disease itself may remain, a particularly undesirable clinical manifestation of it may be prevented entirely. (cdc.gov)
Eliminating transmission of a disease may also be considered, as in the case of yaws, the late noninfectious clinical manifestations remain of which but are not a danger to others. (cdc.gov)
Lyme disease occurs in three stages, often with intervening latent periods and with different clinical manifestations. (elisatestkits.com)
Conference Series LLC Ltd , Scientific Event Organizer and the World Class Open Access Publisher, announcing its 5th International Conference on Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Diseases during September 05-06, 2022 Vancouver, Canada . (vaccineconferences.com)
Our group also works on the immunological and clinical outcomes of the interaction between diabetes mellitus (and other metabolic disorders) and TB, helminths (and other infectious diseases). (nih.gov)

Patients who have Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) might experience lingering symptoms that persist despite antibiotic drug therapy. (cdc.gov)
It also brings about a greater array of symptoms and a more prolonged recovery than with Lyme alone. (laedwardswriter.com)
That said, I warned him, he should keep an eye out for certain Lyme related symptoms. (laedwardswriter.com)
He told me he was miserable as his symptoms came back but he struggled through it and continues to not allow Lyme run his life. (laedwardswriter.com)
In a recent article called Why We Get Sick-and How To Get Well , I argued that there are 8 core pathologies at the root of most symptoms and diseases. (chriskresser.com)
The signs and symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. (wikipedia.org)

The diversity and burden of zoonotic pathogens harbored by dogs are underreported due to poor surveillance, limited diagnostic capacity, and limited data on the disease. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this review was to assemble relevant information from published peer-reviewed literature to assess the incidence of zoonotic pathogens associated with dogs in Nigeria in order to determine the risks involved and identify priority diseases to focus on, knowledge gaps, and areas for surveillance, control, and research in Nigeria. (mdpi.com)
We explore how innate immune cells recognize and respond to pathogens, how genetic mutations in innate immunity contribute to inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, and how obtained information can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies. (utah.edu)
It is important to note that the presence of these pathogens alone is likely not sufficient to cause disease. (chriskresser.com)
A healthy person lives in harmony with the microbial flora that helps protect its host from invasion by pathogens, usually defined as microorganisms that have the capacity to cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Obligate intracellular pathogens are able to grow, reproduce, and cause disease only within the cells of the host. (msdmanuals.com)
This is due to the unique virulence factor s produced by individual pathogens, which determine the extent and severity of disease they may cause. (pressbooks.pub)

It is a vector for several diseases of animals, including humans (Lyme disease, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, Powassan virus disease, etc.) and is known as the deer tick owing to its habit of parasitizing the white-tailed deer. (wikipedia.org)
Vertebrate animals play an integral role in the life cycle of tick species, whereas humans are incidental hosts. (cdc.gov)
The closeness of dogs to humans, in addition to poor veterinary care and zoonotic disease awareness, poses an increased risk of zoonotic disease transmission, resulting in a significant threat to human and animal populations and food security and safety. (mdpi.com)
Heartworm is primarily a disease seen in dogs, the definitive host for heartworms, but can also occur in cats, ferrets, wolves, coyotes, foxes, sea lions - and in rare instances - humans. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
It is also theoretically possible to 'eliminate' a disease in humans while the microbe remains at large, as in the case of neonatal tetanus, for which the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1989 declared a goal of global elimination by 1995. (cdc.gov)
Because Babesia invades red blood cells similar to that of Malaria, it is often called the Northern hemisphere's equivalent to Malaria and worldwide has emerged among other zoonotic disease or a diseases transmitted from animals to humans. (laedwardswriter.com)
This database, made possible by a European consortium (ZoopNet), is a source of molecular and epidemiological information about the protozoan infection in humans and in animals ( Giardia and Cryptosporidium ). (biomedcentral.com)
Although a small percentage of microorganisms are harmful to certain plants and animals and may cause serious disease in humans, the vast majority of microorganisms provide beneficial services, such as assisting in water purification and the production of certain foods, and many are essential for the proper functioning of Earth's ecosystems. (researchgate.net)
Genomic responses to drugs can be studied using experimental animals (such as laboratory rats or mice) or live cells in the laboratory before embarking on studies with humans. (pressbooks.pub)
This bacterium causes acute febrile disease in animals, usually rodents or other small mammals, and humans. (oregonstate.education)
Figure 20.6 illustrates these various modes of transmission and infection between animals and humans. (oregonstate.education)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The foundation of my research centers around neonatal tolerance to organ specific antigens and microbiota. (utah.edu)
David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D. Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --- Executive Summary "Ingenuity, knowledge, and organization alter but cannot cancel humanity's vulnerability to invasion by parasitic forms of life. (cdc.gov)
The disease may travel between urban centers (purple arrow) if infected rats find their way onto ships or trains. (oregonstate.education)

Antigen binds to IgE (bound to tissue mast cells and blood basophils), trigger the release of mediators (histamine, chemotactic factors, etc.), and synthesize other mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, interleukins). (ceufast.com)

Our laboratory serves the needs of companion animal and livestock owners, the poultry and beef industry, as well as other veterinarians and public health workers. (elkinsvet.com)
The Jensen laboratory is focused on antigen processing and presentation and the role of classical and nonclassical histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in regulating immune responses. (utah.edu)

Heartworm disease causes lasting damage to the heart, lungs and arteries, and can affect your dog's health and quality of life long after the parasites are gone. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
We work on malaria, a disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus Plasmodium. (utah.edu)

Tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low-cost, effective antibacterial therapy. (cdc.gov)
The reported incidence of tickborne rickettsial diseases in the United States has increased during the past decade ( 3 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)

To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)

The onset of the disease (usually acute) is associated with a massive influx of leptospires and their toxins into the blood (microscopy reveals dozens of leptospirs in the field of view). (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)

Led by Ruth Ruprecht, M.D., Ph.D., the team used an animal model to show for the first time that an antibody called Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was effective in preventing infection after mucosal AIDS virus exposure. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
It is also the second most prominent co-infection to Lyme disease, traveling in the same circles. (laedwardswriter.com)
But what was worse, I couldn't find anyone who would treat me with antibiotics so Lyme disease had turned into a chronic infection by the time I discovered the tick during, late summer 2005. (laedwardswriter.com)
Research has documented as many as 66% of Lyme patients show serologic evidence of B . microtiis and is considered to be the most common co-infection transmitted by the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis or I. pacificus , the causative agent of Lyme disease. (laedwardswriter.com)
Babesia infection may be transmitted with or without Lyme disease and it is not known to be associated with a Bull's-eye rash. (laedwardswriter.com)
lt;p>Infection or disease can make it difficult for your pet's heart and lungs to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body. (pethealthnetwork.com)
Transmission of infection in animals occurs through water and feed. (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)
Human infection most often occurs when skin and mucous membranes come into contact with water contaminated with animal secretions. (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)
They rarely cause disease, in contrast to the parasitic ameba Entamoeba histolytica , which is a common cause of intestinal infection ( amebiasis). (msdmanuals.com)

The ITFDE considered more than 90 diseases and reviewed 30 of these in depth, including one noninfectious disease. (cdc.gov)

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
The severity of the disease and the severity of organ lesions depends not only on the serotype of the pathogen, but also on the reactivity of the microorganism. (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)

What is Heartworm Disease? (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
Heartworm disease is a serious and potentially fatal parasitic disease most commonly seen in dogs. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
Heartworm disease is found in every state in the US and all over the world. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
Both indoor and outdoor pets are at risk for heartworm disease. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
The disease in the cat is very different than heartworm in dogs. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
This means heartworm disease often goes undiagnosed in cats. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
It is important to understand that even immature heartworms cause real damage in the form of a condition known as Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease (HARD). (tlcpethospitalrc.com)
In the dog we test for adult heartworm proteins called antigens. (tlcpethospitalrc.com)

Among early Lyme disease patients, depending on their location, 2%-12% will also have HGA and 2%-40% will have babesiosis. (wikipedia.org)
Our on-site lab is fully equipped to process complete blood counts, serum chemistry analysis, and many additional testing procedures for dogs, cats, and most of our exotic animal patients. (elkinsvet.com)
It is not recommended for use in patients under a year of age, or for pregnant or lactating animals. (gulfanimalhospital.com)
It works the best for patients with weakened immune system or long-term chronic diseases. (stmariahealth.com)

However several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera , syphilis , anthrax , leprosy , and bubonic plague . (alchetron.com)

Genetic diversity of C. hominis and C. parvum may therefore be an independent and complementary measure for quantifying disease incidence, for which only a moderate number of stool samples from each nation are sufficient data input. (biomedcentral.com)

[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
The unique part of the antigen recognized by an antibody is called an epitope . (wikidoc.org)

It also concluded that manifestations of seven other diseases could be 'eliminated,' and it noted critical research needs that, if realized, might permit other diseases to be eradicated eventually. (cdc.gov)

In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a "disease" (which by definition means an illness) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier . (wikipedia.org)

No sooner had I said these very word, he was hospitalized for Lyme disease and received two weeks of IV antibiotics and released with a two months supply of oral Doxycycline. (laedwardswriter.com)
The field of microbiology has its influence in many fields thus producing advanced techniques to diagnose and treat infectious diseases, and production of antibiotics , food products and management of waste products in an effective manner. (vaccineconferences.com)

We describe animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a zoo setting in Indiana, USA. (cdc.gov)
Half an hour later, the same animals were exposed to SHIV (simian-human immunodeficiency virus). (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Disease incidence is often unknown and surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis is installed in only a handful of developed countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Human cryptosporidiosis is a notifiable disease in several, mainly European countries [ 4 ] where cryptosporidiosis cases are primarily recorded in reports of incidental water and food borne outbreaks [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Free-living amebas are protozoa that live independently in soil or water and do not require a human or animal host. (msdmanuals.com)
service combines genotyping with a set of tools and features that depict each customer's personal information clearly, yet without distorting or misrepresenting our current understanding of how genes combine with environment and other factors to produce human traits and diseases. (kidneynotes.com)

The faster and greater immune response produced by an animal who has previously encountered that specific antigen. (mysanantoniovet.com)
Because allergies seem to be inherited (as evidenced by strong family histories, association between atopic disease and specific genetic factors), genetics is partially implicated in the development of the disease. (ceufast.com)
[2] [5] Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region. (wikidoc.org)
The BCR allows a B cell to detect when a specific antigen is present in the body and triggers B cell activation. (wikidoc.org)

These reactions are local or systemic anaphylactic inflammatory responses which are IgE-mediated and underlie all atopic diseases (Thomas, 1997). (ceufast.com)

Ixodes scapularis is the main vector of Lyme disease in North America. (wikipedia.org)

Tri-4C and Tri-HiC provide robust approaches to achieve the high-resolution interactome maps required for characterizing fine-gauge regulatory chromatin interactions in analysis of development, homeostasis, and disease. (bvsalud.org)

Intradermal skin testing - intradermal skin testing involves injecting miniscule doses of antigen into the skin and observing for a "wheal" to develop corresponding to an allergic response. (gulfanimalhospital.com)

It is important to contact with wet soil, as well as the slaughter of infected animals, cutting meat, as well as the use of certain products (milk, etc.) contaminated by secretions of infected rodents. (bacterial-infections-treatment.com)

Between 40%-60% of the Lyme tests conducted the way the CDC requires produce false negative test results. (laedwardswriter.com)

Exposure to antigens may occur through inhalation or dermal contact. (gulfanimalhospital.com)

Organisms that are normal flora can occasionally cause disease, especially when defenses are disrupted. (msdmanuals.com)

CDC supports the findings in this report, which indicate a need for greater recognition of the potential to eradicate targeted diseases. (cdc.gov)
Recognition of an antigen by an antibody tags it for attack by other parts of the immune system. (wikidoc.org)

This report summarizes the conclusions of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE), a group of scientists who were convened by a secretariat at the Carter Center of Emory University six times during 1989-1992. (cdc.gov)
This issue of MMWR Recommendations and Reports consolidates the deliberations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE), which was convened six times from 1989 through 1992 to evaluate diseases as potential candidates for global eradication (1-7). (cdc.gov)
Development of this plan began in December 1992 at a meeting of the Board of Scientific Counselors of CDC's National Center for Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)

Addison's disease: A rare disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. (drpaulkilgore.com)

Outbreak News Today is an online blog magazine which focuses on news and information about infectious diseases and outbreaks. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

There are many diseases and reactions that fall under the general classification of allergy. (ceufast.com)

In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymptomatic for much or even all of their course in a given host. (wikipedia.org)

Microbiology provides the information needed to create vaccines and treatments for diseases. (vaccineconferences.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms34

Diseases59

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science5

Health Care12

Geographicals5

Borrelia4

Infectious Disease9

Antibodies8

Diagnosis5

Ticks9

Infections17

Triggered by an antibody1

Worms5

Clinical7

Symptoms6

Pathogens7

Humans11

Centers4

Binds1

Laboratory2

Parasites2

Tickborne2

Immune system to recognize1

Acute1

Infection9

Noninfectious1

Pathogen2

Heartworm8

Patients4

Pathogenic1

Diversity1

Epitope2

Manifestations1

Illness1

Antibiotics2

Human6

Specific4

Inflammatory1

Ixodes1

Interactions1

Involves1

Rodents1

Test1

Exposure1

Defenses1

Recognition2

19923

Addison's1

Focuses1

Allergy1

Asymptomatic1

Microbiology1