Anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Medical search. Frequent questions

VMH, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. (elifesciences.org)
Anatomical tract-tracing and cFos mapping studies in rats exposed to cats identified a set of three interconnected medial hypothalamic nuclei, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), dorsomedial division of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHdm), and dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMD), which together comprise the medial hypothalamic defensive system ( Canteras, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
In particular, the two peptides were found active when injected into the paraventricular nucleus , the dorsomedial nucleus, the anterior hypothalamic area, the ventromedial nucleus and surrounding areas, and inactive when injected into the preoptic area, the caudate nucleus or the CA 1 field of the hippocampus. (baillement.com)
In contrast, CRHR2 is virtually restricted to subcortical structures such as the lateral septum (LS),bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the ventromedial hypothalamic Entinostat nucleus (VMH), and certain amygdaloid nuclei (medial and cortical nuclei). (cd177signaling.com)

In contrast to previous studies, modafinil did not produce statistically significant increases in Fos expression in either the suprachiasmatic nucleus or the anterior hypothalamic area. (jneurosci.org)
We identified dopamine neurons that uniquely coexpress the Onecut3 and Nmur2 genes, and placed these in the periventricular nucleus with many synaptic afferents arising from neuromedin S + neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. (nature.com)

Although the lateral region is the most voluminous, the medial and periventricular regions contain the majority of hypothalamic nuclei. (medscape.com)
The present study shows that ACTH(1-24) and a-MSH induce stretching, yawning and penile erection in male rats when injected into the hypothalamic periventricular region surrounding, the third ventricle. (baillement.com)
Indeed, to our knowledge this is the first report showing that ACTH(1-24) and a-MSH induce penile erection when injected into the hypothalamic periventricular area. (baillement.com)
The behavioural responses induced by ACTH(1-24) and a-MSH injected into the hypothalamic periventricular region are indistinguishable from those induced by the two peptides given intracerebroventricularly. (baillement.com)
This also occurs when ACTH(1-24) and a-MSH are injected into the hypothalamic periventricular region. (baillement.com)
Schematic representation of the interactions between somatostatin (SRIH)-producing neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (Pev) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus. (endotext.org)

This low dose of modafinil also increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) neurons in the lateral subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala. (jneurosci.org)
The Dorsal hypothalamic area forms part of the Lateral hypothalamic area. (unifr.ch)
[ 2 ] Superiorly, the hypothalamus is divided from the thalamus by a groove in the lateral wall of the third ventricle, the hypothalamic sulcus. (medscape.com)
Labeling was also found in extrahypothalamic structures such as the piriform cortex, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, the central grey matter, the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the entorhinal cortex, the dentate gyrus and the Ammon's horn. (nih.gov)
Vasopressin binding sites were detected in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus, in midline nuclei and adjacent intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, the dorsolateral part of the basal amygdaloid nucleus and the brainstem. (shengsci.com)
1989). Oxytocin binding sites were also observed in the basal nucleus of Meynert, the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area, the posterior hypothalamic area, and variably in the globus pallidus and ventral pallidum. (shengsci.com)

Osmoreceptors in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, near the organum vasculosum mediate the osmotic regulation of thirst, near to or even common to the osmoreceptors that regulate secretion of aqueous vasopressin (AVP). (medscape.com)
Cross-section of the monkey hypothalamus displays two of the major hypothalamic nuclei on either side of the fluid-filled third ventricle. (cloudfront.net)
The hypothalamus occupies the ventral diencephalon and is composed of numerous fiber tracts and nuclei situated symmetrically about the third ventricle. (medscape.com)

In mammals, magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus produce neurohypophysial hormones , oxytocin and vasopressin . (cloudfront.net)
Visual afferent: Afferent fibers from visual pathway pass from opticchiasma to supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus via retinohypothalamic tract. (kypho.com)

We found that 75 mg/kg modafinil increased Fos immunoreactivity in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and in orexin (hypocretin) neurons of the perifornical area, two cell groups implicated in the regulation of wakefulness. (jneurosci.org)
Densely labeled magnocellular neurons were observed throughout the anterior and posterior magnocellular subdivisions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. (ku.edu)
[7] Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells , neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system , where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary . (cloudfront.net)
Neurons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei possessing secretory functions liberate hormones vasopressin and oxytocin respectively. (kypho.com)
Efferent for adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary): Neurons of tuberal nucleus of hypothalamus send axons to infundibulum of pituitary gland. (kypho.com)
These axon bundles are known as tuberoinfundibular tract which transports two hormones liberated by neurons of tuberal nucleus. (kypho.com)
Experimental chronic intoxication caused the similar changes in the neurons of studied brain areas, which were maximally expressed in the frontal cortex and the anterior hypothalamic nuclei. (jvolsu.com)
The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) neurons in acute phase reaction using quantitative dual-labeled immunostaining with Fos and either OXT and AVP in several hypothalamic regions. (shengsci.com)
Minireview: Regulation of Prohormone Convertases in Hypothalamic Neurons: Implications for ProThyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Proopiomelanocortin Eduardo A. Nillni Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903 Recent evidence demonstrated that posttranslational processing of neuropeptides is critical in the pathogenesis of obesity. (moam.info)
T. belangeri of the Scandentia contained ChAT+ neurons within the nucleus of the trapezoid body as well as the superior olivary nuclear complex, which has not been described in any mammal studied to date. (wits.ac.za)
Figure 3: Neurotransmitter phenotypes in hypothalamic neurons. (nature.com)

Axons of nucleus tractus solitarius ascend to ventroposteromedial nucleus of thalamus as solitariothalamic tract. (kypho.com)
Afferent from thalamus: These are fibers reaching hypothalamus from dorsomedial, anterior and midline nuclei of thalamus. (kypho.com)
Efferent to thalamus (mammillothalamic tract): These fibers pass from hypothalamic nucleus of mammillary region to anterior nucleus of thalamus. (kypho.com)
Bilateral damage to the mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus severely impairs recent memory and the ability to form new memories. (msdmanuals.com)

Orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula and amygdala, were reported the most from the 19 included studies. (frontiersin.org)

This study was designed to investigate whether the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) regulates IOP as the other nuclei do. (qxmd.com)
The hypothalamus has a central neuroendocrine function , most notably by its control of the anterior pituitary, which in turn regulates various endocrine glands and organs. (sciencebeta.com)

In rats, areas within the caudate nucleus appear to regulate water intake through norepinephrine-sensitive alpha receptors. (medscape.com)

The Subdivision of the Hypothalamic nuclei is rearranged into three Hypothalamic areas: Anterior (Chiasmatic), Middle (Tuberal) and Posterior (Mamillary). (unifr.ch)

L. capensis of the Lagomorpha presented vi the rodent specific rostral dorsal midline medullary nucleus (C3), while T. belangeri was lacking both the ventral and dorsal divisions of the anterior hypothalamic group (A15v and A15d), and both species were lacking the primate/Megachiropteran specific compact portion of the locus coeruleus. (wits.ac.za)

General visceral afferent: General sensations from viscera, sense of stretch, compression or distension and pain sensation due to lack of oxygen following ischemia, primarily reach the autonomic center of brain (dorsal nucleus of vagus) and spinal cord (T1 - L2 and S2 - S4 segments). (kypho.com)

The thalamic intralaminar nuclei and brain stem reticular formation stimulate the imprinting of memories. (msdmanuals.com)

Network architecture of the cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia) association and commissural connectome. (neurotree.org)

Efferent to neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary): Axons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus extend upto posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (kypho.com)
In situ hybridization analysis of apelin receptor mRNA expression in the adult rat brain showed intense labeling in the hypothalamus, especially in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei. (nih.gov)

The anterior hypothalamic region is sometimes grouped with the preoptic area. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we identified a sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) in the sheep preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus. (oregonstate.edu)

Figure 2: Hierarchical clustering of hypothalamic neuron subtypes. (nature.com)

The amygdaloid nucleus contributes emotional amplifications to memory. (msdmanuals.com)

In response to a stressor, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus releases corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). (encyclopedia.pub)

The three Insectivoran shrews lacked the cholinergic parabigeminal and Edinger-Westphal nuclei, had a mediodorsal arch of the cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, lacked the catecholaminergic A4 and A15d nuclei and presented an incipient ventral division of the substantia nigra which is identical to previously studied Microchiroptera. (wits.ac.za)

We have shown previously that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTc) is female in size and neuron number in male-to-female transsexual people. (transsexualitaet-ngs.de)
Wir haben zuvor gezeigt, dass der Bed Nucleus der Stria Terminalis (BSTc) bei Mann-zu-Frau-Transsexuellen in Größe und Neuronenzahl weiblich ist. (transsexualitaet-ngs.de)

Distinct correlates of threat intensity and motor responses were found in both structures, suggesting a distributed encoding of sensory and motor features in the medial hypothalamic-brainstem instinctive network. (jneurosci.org)
The hypothalamus receives many inputs from the brainstem , the most notable from the nucleus of the solitary tract , the locus coeruleus , and the ventrolateral medulla . (cloudfront.net)

It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones , called releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. (cloudfront.net)
By synthesizing and secreting neurohormones, the nuclei of the hypothalamus act as a conduit between the nervous and endocrine systems via the pituitary gland (hypophysis), regulating homeostatic functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and circadian rhythms. (medscape.com)

Thus, it is likely that 5-HT2A receptors are present on neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. (ku.edu)

Overall, our catalog of neuronal subclasses provides new understanding of hypothalamic organization and function. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Neuropeptide associations to individual hypothalamic neuronal subtypes. (nature.com)
The hypothalamus comprises various nuclei and neuronal subpopulations that control fundamental homeostasis and behaviors. (bnu.edu.cn)
Furthermore, the researchers defined spatiotemporal transcriptional patterns of diverse neuronal subpopulations that would occupy specific nuclei during hypothalamic neurogenesis. (bnu.edu.cn)

MnPO, median preoptic nucleus. (elifesciences.org)

An efferent neural pathway exists between the hypothalamic nuclei and the autonomic nerve endings in the anterior chamber of the eye. (qxmd.com)

Through hypophyseal portal system capillaries at both ends the hormone releasing factors and hormone release inhibiting factors reach the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) to produce influence on the endocrine cells. (kypho.com)
The hypothalamic and hypophyseal distribution of the receptor suggests an involvement of apelin in the control of neuro- and adenohypophyseal hormone release, whereas its presence in the pineal gland and in discrete higher brain structures points out to possible roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms and of water and food intake behavior. (nih.gov)
In the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis, releasing hormones, also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones, are released from the median eminence, a prolongation of the hypothalamus, into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the anterior pituitary where they exert their regulatory functions on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones. (sciencebeta.com)

The hypothalamus has projections directly to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). (surgicalneurologyint.com)

These subdivisions are derived primarily from the hypothalamic blood supply. (medscape.com)
Swanson, L.W. & Kuypers, H.G. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: cytoarchitectonic subdivisions and organization of projections to the pituitary, dorsal vagal complex, and spinal cord as demonstrated by retrograde fluorescence double-labeling methods. (nature.com)

Because biosynthesis of mature peptides in response to leptin requires prohormone processing, it is hypothesized that leptin might regulate hypothalamic PC1/3 and PC2 expression, ultimately leading to coordinated processing of prohormones into mature peptides. (moam.info)

To identify and delineate the nuclei and determine their volume and shape we used three different stainings throughout the nuclei in every 15th section, i.e. thionin, neuropeptide Y and synaptophysin, using an image analysis system. (transsexualitaet-ngs.de)

Ventromedial4

Suprachiasmatic nucleus2

Periventricular6

Lateral6

Third ventricle3

Supraoptic nucleus2

Neurons11

Thalamus4

Amygdala1

Regulates2

Caudate nucleus1

Tuberal1

Midline1

Dorsal nucleus1

Intralaminar nuclei1

Basal ganglia1

Paraventricular nuclei2

Preoptic area2

Neuron subtypes1

Amygdaloid nucleus1

Corticotropin-releasi1

Ventral1

Stria2

Brainstem2

Pituitary gland2

Neuroendocrine cells1

Neuronal4

Median preopti1

Autonomic1

Hypophyseal3

Accumbens1

Subdivisions2

Regulate1

Neuropeptide1