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OXPHOSMitochondriaCombined Oxidative Phosphorylation Defect TypeGlycolysis and oxidative phosphorylationMetabolismSkeletal muscleGenesDeficiencyInhibitionSynthasePathwaySynthesisRegulationElectron transAerobicMechanismRegulatesNADHDefectsMacrophagesOxidationCellsProcessCellularGeneMuscleDisorderActivationLevelHigherCellEnergyTreatment

OXPHOS6

• Metabolic control analysis has often been used for quantitative studies of the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS). (nih.gov)
• Mitochondrial function or the ability to generate energy through OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) is vital for cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of nearly all chronic diseases ( Pieczenik and Neustadt, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
• Six genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) decreased. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Two recent microarray studies have shown that genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit reduced expression levels in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects and prediabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
• We recently showed via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of clinical samples that melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) have higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes (including PPARGC1A or PGC1α ) than patient-matched extracranial metastases (ECMs). (tmc.edu)

Mitochondria10

• Luminescence was detected in the mitochondria of the liver of a rat, in which the process of oxidative phosphorylation had taken place. (dtic.mil)
• Enzymatic diagnosis of oxidative phosphorylation defects on muscle biopsy: Better on tissue homogenate or on a mitochondria-enriched suspension? (medscimonit.com)
• NDLI: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of oxidative phosphorylation by inverted inner membrane vesicles of rat liver mitochondria. (iitkgp.ac.in)
• The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is based on chemiosmotic theory , which states that the difference in proton concentration between the membranes of mitochondria acts as the reservoir for the energy generated from biological oxidation reactions. (microbeonline.com)
• Cellular respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in the mitochondria, where a series of enzymes catalyze the transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen and the generation of energy-storing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (msdmanuals.com)
• The previously published model of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria was extended by incorporation of the creatine kinase system (creatine kinase plus phosphocreatine/creatine pair), cytosolic proton production/consumption system (proton production/consumption by the creatine kinase-catalysed reaction, efflux/influx of protons), physiological size of the adenine nucleotide pool and some additional minor changes. (physiomeproject.org)
• Theoretical studies performed by means of the extended model demonstrated that the CK system, which allows for large changes in P(i) in relation to isolated mitochondria system, has no significant influence on the kinetic properties of oxidative phosphorylation, as inorganic phosphate only slightly modifies the relationship between the respiration rate and [ADP]. (physiomeproject.org)
• Estrogens decrease osteoclast number by attenuating mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in early osteoclast precursors. (bvsalud.org)
• Instead, using microarray analysis we have elucidated that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in osteoclast progenitors decreases " oxidative phosphorylation " and the expression of mitochondria complex I genes . (bvsalud.org)
• This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (medscape.com)

Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Defect Type8

• Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 4 is a rare mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by a neonatal onset of severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory distress, persistent lactic acidosis with episodes of metabolic crises, developmental regression, microcephaly, abnormal gaze fixation and pursuit, axial hypotonia with limb spasticity and reduced spontaneous movements. (mendelian.co)
• Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Defect Type 4 Is also known as coxpd4. (mendelian.co)
• Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29 (COXPD29) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the SURF1 gene. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
• What are the symptoms of Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
• What are the causes of Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
• Treatment for Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29 is largely supportive and symptomatic. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
• Is there a cure/medications for Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29? (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)
• At this time, there is no known cure or medications for Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Defect Type 29. (rarediseaseshealthcenter.com)

Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation1

• These findings support the conclusion that MKP-1 plays an important role in regulating proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and modulates expression of mitochondrial transcription factors. (cmich.edu)

Metabolism4

• Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging and senescence. (wikipedia.org)
• Recent reports suggest that in response to sepsis, metabolism of macrophages switches from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. (cmich.edu)
• Abnormal whole-body energy metabolism in iron-deficient humans despite preserved skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation. (figshare.com)
• Over many years, several theories have arisen based on clinical and scientific data obtained in human and animal studies, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, derangements of fatty acid metabolism/transport, and accelerated protein catabolism. (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscle4

• ABSTRACT: A dynamic computer model of oxidative phosphorylation in oxidative mammalian skeletal muscle was developed. (physiomeproject.org)
• A model of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian skeletal muscle, Bernard Korzeniewski and Jerzy A. Zoladz, 2001, Biophysical Chemistry , 92, 17-34. (physiomeproject.org)
• Compared to control rats, male rats exposed to 14 days of postnatal hyperoxia then aged to 1 year demonstrated higher skeletal muscle fatigability, lower muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, more mitochondrial damage, and higher glycolytic enzyme expression. (frontiersin.org)
• Given that young adults born premature also demonstrate skeletal muscle dysfunction, future studies are merited to determine whether this dysfunction as well as reduced aerobic capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and metabolic dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)

Genes1

• Co-expression analysis highlights the function of mitochondrial genes in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair and the cell cycle, and shows their connections with clinically actionable genes. (lu.se)

Deficiency2

• Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 4 (sequence analysis of TUFM gene). (mendelian.co)
• Because metabolic reprogramming modulates immune responses to TLR-4 activation, we investigated the effect of MKP-1 deficiency on mitochondrial electron transport chains involved in oxidative phosphorylation and transcription factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. (cmich.edu)

Inhibition4

• Harrington says her study "found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is important for the differentiation of pathogenic, autoreactive Th17 effector CD4 T cells and that inhibition of this pathway suppressed Th17 development and Th17 mediated autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
• In this specific case, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation impeded the emergence of autoreactive, pathogenic Th17 cells and instead promoted the generation of Treg that can suppress chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
• I think when my student repeated the principle finding that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked Th17 differentiation and promoted the emergence of Foxp3+ Treg cells more than five times. (uab.edu)
• In turn, muscle accumulation of acetyl‐CoA leads to acetylation‐dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex II enhancing oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction which results in augmented ROS production. (bioinfor.com)

Synthase3

• The ATP synthase uses the energy to transform adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine triphosphate, in a phosphorylation reaction. (wikipedia.org)
• and (ii) the liver, the kidney and the brain, controlled mainly at the phosphorylation level by ATP synthase and the phosphate carrier. (nih.gov)
• Cofactor Strap regulates oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial p53 activity through ATP synthase. (ox.ac.uk)

Pathway2

• Oxidative phosphorylation (UK /ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv/, US /ˈɑːk.sɪˌdeɪ.tɪv/ ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (wikipedia.org)
• A schematic diagram of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. (physiomeproject.org)

Synthesis3

• A series of events occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, broadly classified under electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. (microbeonline.com)
• Computer simulations also suggested that the second-order dependence of oxidative phosphorylation on [ADP] proposed in the literature refers only to the ATP synthesis flux, but not to the oxygen consumption flux (the difference between these two fluxes being due to the proton leak). (physiomeproject.org)
• It is believed to play a role in the synthesis of triphosphonucleotides using ATP formed through OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. (bvsalud.org)

Regulation4

• The Book Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation Quiz Questions and Answers , regulation of oxidative phosphorylation MCQ questions PDF chapter 21-54 to download online courses, mcat biology tests. (mcqslearn.com)
• Solve Oxidative Phosphorylation MCQ questions, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) for online college degrees. (mcqslearn.com)
• The e-Book Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation Tests App Download: regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, water soluble vitamins, saturated fats, analyzing gene expression, mcat: kinetics test prep to enroll in online classes. (mcqslearn.com)
• The magnitude of proton motive force depends upon the PDF, 'Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation' App APK Download with permeability of membrane, number of ribosomes in cell, presence of integral proteins in the membrane, and energy charge of cell choices for college admission test. (mcqslearn.com)

Electron trans1

• Oxidative phosphorylation is the coupling of the electron transport chain and the ATP biosynthetic pathways. (mcw.edu)

Aerobic2

• Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the energy-yielding metabolic process of aerobic organisms. (microbeonline.com)

Mechanism1

• The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. (eurekamag.com)

Regulates3

• Harrington's study, "Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates the Fate Decision between Pathogenic Th17 and Regulatory T Cells," was recently published in the journal Cell Reports . (uab.edu)
• Mechanistically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation regulates the strength of the T cell receptor signal and that this subsequently controls the induction of the key transcription factor BATF. (uab.edu)
• Stable knockout of Mcart-1 down-regulates the proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation of RAW264.7 macrophages[J]. Basic & Clinical Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 568-575. (magtechjournal.com)

NADH3

• Glycolysis produces only 2 ATP molecules, but somewhere between 30 and 36 ATPs are produced by the oxidative phosphorylation of the 10 NADH and 2 succinate molecules made by converting one molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, while each cycle of beta oxidation of a fatty acid yields about 14 ATPs. (wikipedia.org)
• Factor B produces several-fold stimulation of ATP-driven Nad reduction, and of net phosphorylation coupled to Nadh or succinate oxidation in ammonia particles. (eurekamag.com)
• NADH (nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate hydrogen) and FADH 2 (flavin adenosine dinucleotide hydrogen), both are electron carriers and help in the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. (microbeonline.com)

Defects2

• Tissues with a high energy demand (eg, brain, nerves, retina, skeletal and cardiac muscle) are particularly vulnerable to defects in oxidative phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)
• Increase in the lactate:pyruvate ratio distinguishes oxidative phosphorylation defects from other genetic causes of lactic acidosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Macrophages1

• We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/ macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1a, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. (cmich.edu)

Oxidation2

• In the early reprogramming process, fatty acid oxidation upregulated oxidative phosphorylation and downregulated protein kinase C activity. (biomedcentral.com)
• We demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation promotes reprogramming by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting protein kinase C activity in the early stage of the reprogramming process. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells4

• Importantly, blockade of oxidative phosphorylation led to the emergence of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
• Honestly, the whole study was based on the unexpected finding that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is essential early for promoting Th17 cell differentiation and suppressing the emergence of regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
• We never would have predicted that result given the dogma in the literature states Th17 cells require glycolysis and Treg utilize oxidative phosphorylation to function. (uab.edu)
• Conclusions The proliferation activity and oxidative phosphorylation level of RAW264.7 cells were both down-regulated after the Mcart-1 was stably knocked out. (magtechjournal.com)

Process4

• The main contribution of this work has been to show that the control of mitochondrial metabolic fluxes can be shared among several steps of the oxidative phosphorylation process, and that this distribution can vary according to the steady state and the tissue. (nih.gov)
• In this lesson, we will learn how to describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation and recall the products formed. (nagwa.com)
• The entirety of this process is called oxidative phosphorylation . (opentextbooks.org.hk)
• This clip explains that oxygen accepts electrons that are extracted from food to form water in the process which is called Oxidative Phosphorylation. (3dme.com.au)

Cellular2

• All oxidative breakdowns of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids intersect at this final stage of cellular respiration. (microbeonline.com)
• The most ATP is produced in the oxidative phosphorylation phase of cellular respiration. (answers.com)

Gene1

• These include modes that are predominately genotoxic (i.e., chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and gene amplification) vs. more nongenotoxic (i.e., altered growth factors, enhanced cell proliferation and promotion of carcinogenesis, and altered DNA repair). (cdc.gov)

Muscle1

• Thirteen iron-deficient (ID) individuals and thirteen iron-replete (IR) control participants each underwent 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of exercising calf muscle to investigate differences in oxidative phosphorylation, followed by whole-body cardiopulmonary exercise testing. (figshare.com)

Disorder1

• A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by early onset of severe developmental delay (sometimes with regression of developmental milestones) and intellectual disability, poor or absent speech, and hypotonia. (orpha.net)

Activation1

• The model suggests, in accordance with previous theoretical predictions, that activation of oxidative phosphorylation by an increase in [ADP] can (roughly) explain the behaviour of the system only at low work intensities, while at higher work intensities parallel activation of different steps of oxidative phosphorylation is involved. (physiomeproject.org)

Level1

• Seahorse was used to measure the level of oxidative phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Higher1

• It is concluded that bioluminescence is not an exotic phenomenon which is inherent to only individual representatives of the living world, but under specific conditions accompanies any oxidative phosphorylation, even in the tissues of higher animals, where nature, by means of energetic and structural barriers, does not permit the useless waste of valuable chemical energy for radiation. (dtic.mil)

Cell1

• Oxidative phosphorylation uses these molecules and O2 to produce ATP, which is used throughout the cell whenever energy is needed. (wikipedia.org)

Energy3

• During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from the electron donors to a series of electron acceptors in a series of redox reactions ending in oxygen, whose reaction releases half of the total energy. (wikipedia.org)
• Oxidative phosphorylation works by using energy-releasing chemical reactions to drive energy-requiring reactions. (wikipedia.org)
• The amount of energy released by oxidative phosphorylation is high, compared with the amount produced by anaerobic fermentation. (wikipedia.org)

Treatment2

• C ) Phosphorylation of Pex14 upon treatment with oxidative agents. (elifesciences.org)
• D ) Left, Time course of Pex14 phosphorylation upon H 2 O 2 treatment. (elifesciences.org)