PollutionAirborneParticlesContaminantsExposures to Air PollutantsHazardous airDustRespiratoryConcentrationsChemicalsResiduesHazardsParticulate airToxicityAdverseBenzeneAllergensAsthmaPenetrateCombustionDisparitiesEpidemiologyHuman exposureResearch on occupationalCarbonAmbient airCarcinogensEmissionsSmogLungHarmfulRisksOrganicIncludeGasolineLungsParticleRespiratorsNIOSHAdultsRisk FactorsEnvironmental Protec
Pollution62
- To estimate long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants on an individual basis and to assess adverse health effects using a combination of air pollution measurement data, data from geographical information systems (GIS) and questionnaire data. (bmj.com)
- Associations between air pollution concentrations at birth address and 1-year and 2-year incidences of respiratory symptoms were analysed. (bmj.com)
- Only a few studies, mainly in Europe, have investigated the effects of traffic-related air pollution on human health. (bmj.com)
- Indoor air pollution is a major health hazard in developing countries and is commonly referred to as "household air pollution" in that context. (wikipedia.org)
- The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that cooking-related indoor air pollution causes 3.8 million annual deaths. (wikipedia.org)
- Indoor combustion, such as for cooking or heating, is a major cause of indoor air pollution and causes significant health harms and premature deaths. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrocarbon fires cause air pollution. (wikipedia.org)
- In January 2023, ways of improving indoor air pollution when using a gas stove, linked to an increased risk of asthma and other possible illnesses, were published in The New York Times. (wikipedia.org)
- Background/aim Air pollution is a major public health concern. (bmj.com)
- Multi-pollutant models are usually used in air pollution studies to identify the independent health effects of more than one pollutant. (bmj.com)
- Prothrombotic effects of particulate matter in air pollution, organic solvents and respiratory irritants. (rutgers.edu)
- Air pollution, bioaerosols, occupational medicine. (rutgers.edu)
- Exposure assessment to biological and non-biological airborne particles, air pollution, exposure and health effects of nanoparticles. (rutgers.edu)
- biomarkers of exposure, multi-route exposures to volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water, the role of air pollution in exacerbation of asthma and other diseases, exposures within aircraft and other modes of transportation, indoor air, gene-environmental exposure. (rutgers.edu)
- From 2003 to 2012, CATF co-led the National Diesel Clean-up Campaign to reduce harmful air pollution from diesel cars. (catf.us)
- Balmes JR. Balmes J.R. Balmes, John R. Outdoor Air Pollution. (mhmedical.com)
- The dramatic air pollution episodes that occurred in the early part of the twentieth century in Belgium's Meuse Valley, Donora, Pennsylvania, and London, England, are not likely to occur in the world today. (mhmedical.com)
- Furthermore, in some eastern European and Asian countries, where sulfur-containing fuels are burned without adequate air quality regulations, air pollution levels may be attained similar to those that were associated with excess mortality. (mhmedical.com)
- In this section, we will delve into the effects of poor indoor air quality on overall health and the link between indoor air pollution and respiratory issues. (todaysmeet.com)
- Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution can impair lung function, causing breathing difficulties and reducing oxygen supply to the body. (todaysmeet.com)
- Indoor air pollution can weaken the respiratory system, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections like bronchitis and pneumonia. (todaysmeet.com)
- Certain occupations, such as those involving chemicals, pollutants, or hazardous materials, can expose workers to indoor air pollution and increase the risk of respiratory issues. (todaysmeet.com)
- The majority of vendors in Dakar work in places close to roads that are very frequented by vehicles, exposing them to increased air pollution. (scirp.org)
- Our data suggest that exposure to air pollution at the workplace in vendors could lead to allergic rhinitis. (scirp.org)
- Air pollution is suspected to be the cause of the increase in the prevalence of rhinitis in the urban areas. (scirp.org)
- In the developing countries, air pollution from cars is the major contributor to urban air pollution. (scirp.org)
- Air pollution from cars is therefore a major risk factor for increasing the prevalence of allergic rhinitis. (scirp.org)
- However, this association is not widely known in developing countries because the majority of epidemiological studies on air pollution from road traffic and allergic rhinitis are done in developed countries. (scirp.org)
- COPD is a serious health condition that can be caused by smoking, long-term exposure to air pollution, or a combination of both. (bookofodds.com)
- Exposure to air pollution is another risk factor for developing COPD. (bookofodds.com)
- People who live in places with high levels of air pollution, like cities and industrial areas, are more likely to develop COPD than those who live in rural areas. (bookofodds.com)
- You should also limit your exposure to air pollution, especially in cities and other areas with high levels of air pollution. (bookofodds.com)
- Although air pollution has decreased in many parts of the world, it represents a major and growing health problem for the residents of some cities in certain industrializing countries. (cdc.gov)
- Conversely, those with preexisting heart and lung disease, children, and older adults have an increased risk for adverse health effects from even short-term exposure to air pollution. (cdc.gov)
- 80 countries around the world, and the World Health Organization posts historical data on outdoor air pollution in urban areas. (cdc.gov)
- Travelers should be mindful of, and limit exposures to, outdoor and indoor air pollution and carbon monoxide ( Table 4-02 ). (cdc.gov)
- Secondhand smoke from smoking tobacco is a primary contributor to indoor air pollution. (cdc.gov)
- Air pollution from Europe's 10,000 largest polluting facilities cost citizens between €102-169 billion (US$135-224 billion) in 2009, according to a new report from the European Environment Agency (EEA). (thecityfix.com)
- In isolating per capita impact, the report found that the air pollution cost each European citizen €200-330 (US$265-437) on average in 2009. (thecityfix.com)
- Wolkoff P. Trends in Europe to reduce the indoor air pollution of VOCs. (springer.com)
- In fact, recent studies show that half of COPD cases worldwide are caused by non-tobacco related risks, like air pollution, occupational exposure to fumes or gases, and passive smoke inhalation. (indiatimes.com)
- 3.Long-term exposure to air pollution: The respiratory tract has direct exposure to external surroundings and is more vulnerable to pollutants in the air. (indiatimes.com)
- 4.Indoor air pollution: Chulhas and biogas are still widely used in different parts of the country and in poorly ventilated homes exposure to this smoke has proved to have detrimental damage to the lungs. (indiatimes.com)
- Furthermore, indoor air pollution due to burning of incense sticks, and burning of mosquito coils also contribute to COPD. (indiatimes.com)
- The testing model developed at UCLA is based on toxicity testing for occupational and air pollution particles, which include nanoparticles. (medgadget.com)
- For air pollution particles, this injury can translate into asthma and atherosclerotic heart disease. (medgadget.com)
- We can use the strong scientific foundation of air pollution particle testing to help understand the health impact of engineered nanoparticles and ensure safe manufacturing of nanoproducts," said Nel, who also is the co-director of the Southern California Particle Center and the UCLA Asthma and Immunological Disease Center. (medgadget.com)
- Air Pollutants This site provides information and frequently asked questions from federal, state, and private resources about asthma and indoor and outdoor air pollution. (cdc.gov)
- He has published extensively in both theoretical and applied statistics, including applications to medicine (in particular breast cancer), population health and environmental science (air pollution mortality), information systems (factors in business value from the use of information and computer technology), human-computer interfaces, and statistical education. (edu.au)
- Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ozone , a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. (medlineplus.gov)
- When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with heart or lung disease, older adults and children are at greater risk from air pollution. (medlineplus.gov)
- Air pollution isn't just outside - the air inside buildings can also be polluted and affect your health. (medlineplus.gov)
- Air-pollution data came from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Aerometric Information Retrieval System. (psu.edu)
- 1970 - Clean Air Act , amended in 1977 and 1990 with National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS), regulates off-site contamination, that is, pollution outside one's facility. (onlineethics.org)
- The exposure assessment section begins with an overview of exposure assessment considerations, including issues related to exposure assessments in the epidemiological studies that are frequently used to estimate health benefits of air pollution reductions. (nationalacademies.org)
- They will both be good for the short term-protecting workers, reducing pollution in our air, and safeguarding the health of our families-and in the long term for our economy and our climate. (bluegreenalliance.org)
- Our data showed a statistically significant association between long-term exposure to fine particlulate matter air pollution, at home and at work, and risk of breast cancer. (medscape.com)
- Breast cancer risk increased by 28% when exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution increased by 10 µg/m 3 . (medscape.com)
- Smaller increases in breast cancer risk were also recorded in women exposed to high levels of larger particulate air pollution (PM10 and NO2). (medscape.com)
- At last year's ESMO Congress, he explained how particulate matter air pollution caused tumor proliferation in patients with a certain type of genetic mutation. (medscape.com)
Airborne3
- Airborne pollutants include particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," reports explain. (newstarget.com)
- Our services include personnel air monitoring to evaluate compliance with regulatory exposure standards to chemicals as well as other airborne contaminants. (aktpeerless.com)
- In order to effectively remove airborne pollutants such as dust, fume, vapors, gases or odors, they must be extracted as close as possible to the point of origin. (ishn.com)
Particles5
- Certain particles and air pollutants are linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and other cancers. (newstarget.com)
- However, certain environmental air pollutants, such as ozone and respirable particles, do reach levels that may cause acute and chronic respiratory effects. (mhmedical.com)
- Pre-separators ensure that coarse particles are extracted from the air flow before the fume extractor. (ishn.com)
- It is very concerning that small pollutant particles in the air and indeed microplastic particles of similar size are getting into the environment when we don't yet understand their potential to promote cancer. (medscape.com)
- There is an urgent need to set up laboratory studies to investigate the effects of these small air pollutant particles on the latency, grade, aggression , and progression of breast tumors," he added. (medscape.com)
Contaminants6
- Source control, filtration, and the use of ventilation to dilute contaminants are the primary methods for improving indoor air quality. (wikipedia.org)
- The method described in this paper could also be extended to setting limits for ambient air contaminants where risk perception plays a dominant role in whether the public views the exposure as being reasonable or safe. (cdc.gov)
- This pilot study aimed to describe air quality within a few fire stations in and around Boston, Massachusetts, and to investigate physical and organizational factors that may influence levels of contaminants in stations. (cdc.gov)
- Water contaminants such as heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, lead), organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers), and pesticide residues are associated with an increased risk of various cancers. (newstarget.com)
- Respirators are specifically designed to remove contaminants from the air or to provide clean respirable air from another source. (cdc.gov)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas mixtures at trace level (nmol/mol) are routinely measured by chemical and biochemical laboratories as climate indicators, indoor air quality pollutants from building materials emissions, contaminants in food and beverages, and biomarkers in body fluids (blood, urine, breath) of occupational exposure or human diseases. (springer.com)
Exposures to Air Pollutants2
- Title : Exposures to Air Pollutants during Pregnancy and Preterm Delivery Personal Author(s) : Leem, Jong-Han;Kaplan, Brian M.;Shim, Youn K.;Pohl, Hana R.;Gotway, Carol A.;Bullard, Stevan M.;Rogers, J. Felix;Smith, Melissa M.;Tylenda, Carolyn A. (cdc.gov)
- Estimating changes in population exposures to air pollutants is an essential component of EPA's benefits analyses, providing the link between anticipated emissions changes and resulting changes in health outcomes. (nationalacademies.org)
Hazardous air2
- Information on levels of exposure to these compounds as measured by their levels in blood is essential to determine the need for regulatory mechanisms to reduce the levels of hazardous air pollutants to which the general population is exposed. (cdc.gov)
- Surveys are conducted to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) requirements for pre-demolition inspection activities. (aktpeerless.com)
Dust6
- Indoor air pollutants like tobacco smoke, dust, and mold can trigger asthma symptoms and worsen the condition. (todaysmeet.com)
- Other causes include long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as dust, fumes, and chemicals, or a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. (bookofodds.com)
- Dust masks, surgical masks, and bandanas offer limited protection against severely polluted air. (cdc.gov)
- The limited data on occupational exposure suggests that the greatest risks for workers in the construction industry are likely to be from environmental dust and related air pollutants. (who.int)
- 2.Chemical and fume exposure: Occupational exposure to dust, gas, and fumes is strongly linked to the risk of developing COPD. (indiatimes.com)
- Other causes, such as genetic syndromes (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) and exposures to pollutants such as dust, irritants, and fumes can also contribute to the disease. (adam.com)
Respiratory8
- Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for wheezing, cough without infection, dry cough at night, bronchial asthma, bronchitis and respiratory infections indicated positive associations with traffic-related air pollutants. (bmj.com)
- Several prevalence studies have suggested an association between occupational exposure and respiratory symptoms and asthma, but there has been a lack of incidence studies to verify this. (nih.gov)
- Poor indoor air quality can have a detrimental impact on your health, particularly your respiratory system. (todaysmeet.com)
- Breathing in contaminated air can make you more susceptible to respiratory infections such as colds, flu, and pneumonia. (todaysmeet.com)
- Prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants can contribute to the development of chronic respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis. (todaysmeet.com)
- Children exposed to indoor air pollutants have a higher risk of developing respiratory conditions such as asthma, allergies, and bronchitis. (todaysmeet.com)
- Overexposure to these pollutants can exacerbate symptoms of patients with pre-existing respiratory illnesses like asthma, and even make way for newer cases of respiratory diseases including COPD. (indiatimes.com)
- Previous work by the same researchers had already established that indoor air freshener exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms at 2 years of age. (theglobalfool.com)
Concentrations6
- For example, experience has shown that chemicals with a low odor threshold often require low OELs even though many are not toxic or do not cause irrita tion at those air concentrations. (cdc.gov)
- We investigate socioeconomic disparities in air quality at public schools in the contiguous US using high resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) concentrations. (gwu.edu)
- We find that schools with higher proportions of people of color (POC) and students eligible for the federal free or reduced lunch program, a proxy for poverty level, are associated with higher pollutant concentrations. (gwu.edu)
- Statewide and regional disparities in pollutant concentrations across racial, ethnic, and poverty groups are consistent with nationwide results, where elevated NO concentrations were associated with schools with higher proportions of POC and higher levels of poverty. (gwu.edu)
- These differences could allow for air pollutants to penetrate more deeply into the lungs and at higher concentrations, making children more vulnerable to air pollutants. (theglobalfool.com)
- The use of ambient air concentrations to represent population exposures is justifiable when the health findings underlying the benefits analysis are similarly based on ambient concentration data and when the outdoor concentrations are correlated with personal exposures, as is the case for particulate matter (PM). (nationalacademies.org)
Chemicals3
- OBJECTIVES: Setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) for odorous or irrita ting chemicals is a global occupational health challenge. (cdc.gov)
- As for environmental carcinogens, these include air pollutants, water pollutants, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, an array of dangerous chemicals, and occupational hazards. (newstarget.com)
- Notably, it showed an increased risk in women exposed to BaP and PCB153, two pollutants classed as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, during perimenopause. (medscape.com)
Residues1
Hazards1
- The Oregon State University public health doctoral degree program with a concentration in environmental and occupational health (EOH) provides research-based training for identifying and measuring hazards, studying potential adverse health effects and discovering new ways to control hazards. (oregonstate.edu)
Particulate air1
- Epidemiologic and occupational studies indicate adverse health effects due to inhalation of particulate air pollutants, but precise biologic mechanisms responsible have yet to be fully established. (duke.edu)
Toxicity2
- The pollutants released include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), which are significant due to their high level of toxicity. (who.int)
- The review in Science addresses questions about occupational and inhalation exposures to nanoparticles and outlines the properties of nanomaterials that need to be considered for toxicity testing. (medgadget.com)
Adverse3
- Nearly 200 air toxics have been associated with adverse health effects in occupational studies or laboratory studies, but have not been monitored in general population groups. (cdc.gov)
- To achieve this, the EPA periodically reviews a large body of scientific research dealing with the adverse health effects of pollutants. (mhmedical.com)
- Table 46-1 lists the six criteria air pollutants, their NAAQSs, and their principal adverse health effects. (mhmedical.com)
Benzene1
- In addition, these leaks release a number of pollutants known as "air toxics"-such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene that are dangerous to human beings. (bluegreenalliance.org)
Allergens5
- The Aerus Quietpure Home Air Purifier effectively removes pollutants and allergens from your home's air. (todaysmeet.com)
- With the Aerus Quietpure Home Air Purifier, you can breathe easy knowing that harmful pollutants and allergens are being effectively removed from the air. (todaysmeet.com)
- The result is cleaner air that is free of common irritants and allergens. (todaysmeet.com)
- Enhance your well-being by efficiently removing pollutants and allergens from your living environment. (todaysmeet.com)
- The Aerus Quietpure Home Air Purifier is a high-performance air purifier that ensures the air you breathe is free from pollutants and allergens. (todaysmeet.com)
Asthma6
- Poor air quality can trigger asthma attacks and may lead to more frequent and severe symptoms. (todaysmeet.com)
- Evidence about the effects of air pollutants on the occurrence of serious asthma is also unclear [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- We aimed to establish the hospital admission rate and case fatality for serious asthma, and whether admissions are associated more strongly with social deprivation or air pollutants. (ersjournals.com)
- Statistical methods include the Chi-square trend test, adjusted and unadjusted correlations between hospitalised incidence of serious asthma and, respectively, social deprivation and air pollutants. (ersjournals.com)
- Correlations between serious asthma and social deprivation were adjusted for air pollutants, and vice versa . (ersjournals.com)
- Although many air pollutants were quite stable over time [ 5 ], we also investigated trends by correlating monthly means of air pollutants over the 8-yr study period with corresponding monthly (logged) incidence of serious asthma to all hospitals in the local authority corresponding to each site. (ersjournals.com)
Penetrate1
- Fine particle pollutants can penetrate deep into the lungs, enter the bloodstream, and be absorbed into breast and other tissue. (medscape.com)
Combustion2
- Other potential sources of indoor air pollutants include cooking or combustion sources (e.g., kerosene, coal, wood, animal dung). (cdc.gov)
- NO 2 is one of several pollutants formed as a byproduct of burning fuel or combustion. (medscape.com)
Disparities1
- Disparities in Air Pollutants Across Racial, Ethnic, and Poverty Group" by Michael J. Cheeseman, Bonne Ford et al. (gwu.edu)
Epidemiology2
- Our program's specialty areas are ergonomics, occupational safety, environmental health and environmental epidemiology. (oregonstate.edu)
- For public health, the focus is on Epidemiology, Health Behaviors, Community Health, Urban and Global Health, Environmental Health, Occupational Health, Reproductive Health, Herbal and Alternative Medicine and Health Systems Development including Health Policy and Management. (scimagojr.com)
Human exposure2
- IAQ is evaluated through collection of air samples, monitoring human exposure to pollutants, analysis of building surfaces, and computer modelling of air flow inside buildings. (wikipedia.org)
- Extended monitoring of the composition of and human exposure to air pollutants is recommended. (who.int)
Research on occupational2
- 1970 - Occupational Safety and Health Act established the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to develop mandatory health and safety standards for business, conduct research on occupational health problems and produce criteria identifying toxic substances and safe exposure levels for them. (onlineethics.org)
- Ms. Montgomery is an Occupational Health and Safety Specialist at the Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET) at Oregon Health and Science University. (cdc.gov)
Carbon3
- Additional conditions simulated a Green building with a high outdoor air ventilation rate (labeled Green+) and artificially elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels independent of ventilation. (nih.gov)
- The measured pollutants of the included industrial facilities were regional and local air pollutants, particulate matter, heavy metals, organic micro-pollutants, and carbon dioxide. (thecityfix.com)
- Building environment assessments include indoor air quality (IAQ) investigations that measure comfort factors including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature and relative humidity. (aktpeerless.com)
Ambient air2
- The subsequently produced documents are used in the development of a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for each of the so-called criteria pollutants. (mhmedical.com)
- The levels of particulate matter reported in Qatar were in the upper range of ambient air pollutants reported internationally, and may influence the country's future lung cancer burden. (who.int)
Carcinogens1
- Our cleaning solution is free of any carcinogens recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States. (kiwiservices.com)
Emissions3
- A new interactive tool from Clean Air Task Force maps the staggering damage that diesel emissions from the transportation sector inflict on U.S. communities. (catf.us)
- Höllbacher E, Ters T, Rieder-Gradinger C, Srebotnikb E. Emissions of indoor air pollutants from six user scenarios in a model room. (springer.com)
- If this is used after considering all local environmental conditions and influences such as adhesion, air speed of emissions, fluid mechanics or tool movements, the required degree of capturing increases with a minimal air flow. (ishn.com)
Smog1
- Methane from the oil and gas industry comes packaged with other pollutants, called Volatile Organic Compounds-or VOCs-which are a key ingredient in ground-level ozone, also called smog. (bluegreenalliance.org)
Lung3
- Radon is probably the most pervasive serious hazard for indoor air in the United States and Europe, and is probably responsible for tens of thousands of deaths from lung cancer each year. (wikipedia.org)
- Emphysema is a lung disease that gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli). (nursetogether.com)
- It will be important to test if pollutants allow cells in breast tissue with pre-existing mutations to expand and drive tumor promotion, possibly through inflammatory processes, similar to our observations in nonsmokers with lung cancer," said Swanton in the ESMO press release. (medscape.com)
Harmful1
- The increase in the average amount of time indoors means there is an increased risk of harmful health outcomes related to exposure to indoor air pollutants. (theglobalfool.com)
Risks1
- Some health and environmental indicators were not included in the report, including risks associated with occupational exposure to air pollutants. (thecityfix.com)
Organic2
- The list of pollutants that can be measured with these devices is growing, but includes particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO 2 , and NO 2 . (ca.gov)
- This work will support regional strategies for health and the environment and monitoring exposure trends for persistent organic pollutants. (cdc.gov)
Include3
- These include indoor residences, indoor recreational facilities, and outdoor community sites with application to satellite-based pollutant model validation. (ca.gov)
- Across these independent studies, shared risk factors for RA and airway disease were determined to include older age, cigarette smoking, lower socioeconomic status, infections and microbial dysbiosis, occupational exposures and air pollutants, and poor nutrition [6, 7]. (nih.gov)
- Treatment options include lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, avoiding air pollutants, and exercising regularly, as well as medications, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids. (bookofodds.com)
Gasoline1
Lungs1
- When this happens, it makes it difficult to move air in and out of the lungs. (bookofodds.com)
Particle2
- Methods: Air sampling of particulate matter less than 2.5microm in diameter (PM2.5) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was completed at four fire stations in Spring, 2016. (cdc.gov)
- Diesel engines churn out a hazardous mix of gaseous and particle pollutants. (catf.us)
Respirators1
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) provides a testing, approval, and certification program for respirators . (cdc.gov)
NIOSH1
- Air sampling and analysis follow the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400 Method. (aktpeerless.com)
Adults1
- Overall, 30.0% of civilian departments for occupational injuries and illnesses, employed U.S. adults (approximately 40.6 million workers) and approximately 110,000 were hospitalized (CDC, reported an average sleep duration of 6 hours per day. (cdc.gov)
Risk Factors1
- However, of these shared risk factors, only older age, cigarette smoking, and occupational exposures have been specifically investigated as risk factors for airway disease among patients with RA. (nih.gov)
Environmental Protec1
- It requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to list those pollutants for which there is sufficient scientific evidence documenting the risk to public health from unregulated exposure. (mhmedical.com)