Animals inbred strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

More laboratory mice are used in research every year than any other animal species. (uwm.edu)
There are over 400 documented inbred strains of mice. (uwm.edu)
One naturally occurring genetic defect in mice results in an animal with no hair that is called a nude. (uwm.edu)
The most commonly used methods for catching and picking up mice are grasping the animal near the tip of the tail, between thumb and forefinger, or by grasping the tail near the base or the neck between the ends of a smooth tipped forceps. (uwm.edu)
Sachser, N (2001): Rhythm of activity in closely related inbred strains of mice. (fu-berlin.de)
Sachser, N (2001): Circadian rhythm of three closely related inbred strains of mice differing in aggressive behaviour. (fu-berlin.de)
Furthermore, 129-strain ES cells often contribute to the germline of the chimeras, and when breeding chimeras with C57BL/6 test mice, the dominant agouti color in offspring signifying germline transmission is also easily detected in the G1 generation litters. (umassmed.edu)
Depending upon the study, these mice often have to be backcrossed 9 more generations with C57BL/6 mice to place the mutant allele on an inbred C57BL/6 background. (umassmed.edu)
Of course, one could breed the chimeras with inbred C57BL/6N mice to maintain a pure C57BL/6N substrain background- but then one could not use coat color in the G1 generation to identify germline-transmitting chimeras, as all the offspring would be of a black coat color regardless of germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
The Sanger group performed gene targeting in the JM8 ES cells to delete the retrotransposon from the agouti locus and restore agouti gene function, permitting the visualization of ES cell-derived mice on an inbred C57BL/6 background by agouti coat color. (umassmed.edu)
[4] Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Clarence Little's work creating an inbred population of mice paved the way to answering these questions once and for all. (yourgenome.org)
Now, there are over 100 different inbred strains of mice, each with a different genetic background. (yourgenome.org)
The inbred CBA/CaJ (CB) and hybrid CBB6F1 strains of mice exhibited only temporary threshold shift with rapid recovery after exposure to 110 decibels for 1 or 2 hours, and they exhibited no evidence of any AHL. (cdc.gov)
The inbred C57BL/6J-mice (B6) and hybrid B6D2F1-mice demonstrated extensive permanent threshold shift and subsequent onset of AHL. (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that the major differences observed for permanent threshold shift in the B6 and B6D2F1-mice and the minimal temporary threshold shifts in the CB and CBB6F1-mice support the hypothesis for a major genetic difference among these strains. (cdc.gov)
The findings demonstrated the advantages of using inbred and F1 hybrid strains of mice which are genetically well defined, numerous and readily available. (cdc.gov)
The use of genetically defined inbred mouse strains, humanized mice, and gene knockout mice has enabled the research community to study the process of the way pathogens cause diseases, the role of specific host genes in controlling or promoting disease, and potential targets for prevention or identification of treatment for a variety of infectious agents. (medgadget.com)
Aside from coronavirus studies, mice models are considered the best small animal models for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (medgadget.com)
In 2004 JAX Professor Gary Churchill, together with JAX Professor Elissa Chesler when she was at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and dozens of other leading laboratory mouse experts around the world (known collectively as the Complex Traits Consortium), devised the Collaborative Cross: a mouse population established with eight different founder strains, including standard inbred strains but also some wild-type mice. (jax.org)
Crossing these animals shuffles the genetic deck to yield populations of mice with greater genetic diversity than is present in the entire human race. (jax.org)
Their genetic diversity makes them better animal models than the inbred strains of mice that are typically used in aging research. (brainfacts.org)
Mice (around 280 strains which include inbred, out bred and genetically engineered lines), Rats (out bred stocks like Wistar, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans and several transgenic rat strains), Xenopus laevis and Zebra fish . (ncbs.res.in)
Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)
The segregation pattern of chromosomes 14 and 18 were analysed in recombinant inbred strains of mice developed from KE and CBA/Kw strains. (edu.pl)
The analysis was possible owing to the fact that the C-band on chromosomes 14 of the CBA/Kw strain and that of chromosome 18 of the KE strain show size polymorphism: while the CBA/Kw mice have a small sized C-band on chromosome 14, the KE mice show small C-bands on chromosome 18. (edu.pl)
In mice, the attenuated strains possess a low degree of virulence, due to toxin production. (cdc.gov)
METHOD: The effects of alloimmunization against paternal strain antigens were tested in pregnant mice subjected to stress. (mcmaster.ca)
Inbred strains of albino mice were divided into four groups and were fed with CD, HFD, GM+HFD and GM+CD. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterial strains including Bacteroides gallinarum (MT152630), Ruminococcus bromii (MT152631), Lactobacillus acidophilus (MT152632), Parabacteroides gordonii (MT152633), Prevotella copri (MT152634) and Lactobacillus gasseri (MT152635) were isolated from mice treated with GM+modified diet (HFD/CD) compared to strains Akkermansia muciniphila (MT152625), Bacteriodes sp. (bvsalud.org)
Strains of laboratory mice that are inbred for higher metabolic rates show stronger immune responses to immune challenge with stronger antigen-specific IgM production than strains bred for lower metabolic rates. (cdc.gov)

and two hypertaurinuric (taut-) strains, C57BL/6J and PRO/Re. (jci.org)
Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
The non-agouti mutation in C57BL/6 strains is due to an 11.8 Kbp retrotransposon located in the first intron of the agouti gene that abolishes the expression of the Agouti gene. (umassmed.edu)
This approach allows you to maintain the inbred C57BL/6N status of the offspring. (umassmed.edu)
The UMass Chan Transgenic Animal Modeling Core (TAMC) also has JM8-strain ES cells for targeting, and routinely injects either JM8.F6-strain ES cells or JM8.A3-strain ES cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts. (umassmed.edu)
In this study we have increased the density of microsatellite markers 2- to 5-fold in each of several major RI sets that share C57BL/6 as a parental strain (AXB, BXA, BXD, BXH, and CXB). (nervenet.org)

Rats, Inbred Strains" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Rats, Inbred Strains" by people in this website by year, and whether "Rats, Inbred Strains" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Rats, Inbred Strains" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
The WMI and WLI inbred strains of rats we propose to use in this study were selectively bred from the stress-vulnerable Wistar Kyoto rat. (hhs.gov)
This work has been performed in order to verify whether, in male rats, the decreased secretion of LH and testosterone (T) occurring in old animals is reflected by modifications of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors at the level of the anterior pituitary and of the testes. (unimi.it)
The results obtained show that, in aged male rats, the concentration of pituitary LHRH receptors is significantly lower than that found in young animals. (unimi.it)

One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. (wikipedia.org)
We now have been utilizing the Inbred Lengthy- and Quick-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to research the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is taken into account to be a threat issue for alcohol use issues (AUDs). (eumorphia.org)
Recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to map a wide range of Mendelian loci and quantitative traits (Taylor, 1989). (nervenet.org)

It took Clarence four years between 1909 and 1913 to create a healthy, genetically stable inbred strain. (yourgenome.org)
We therefore hypothesized that genetically-determined stress response to oxycodone withdrawal drives the strain differences in oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement of oxycodone seeking. (hhs.gov)

Susceptibility of inbred and F1 hybrid strains to noise-induced hearing loss. (cdc.gov)

A method of correcting these defective genes (gene therapy) is being developed in animals with hopes that prevention or a cure for humans will result. (uwm.edu)
Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
It is probably not possible for humans to acquire a Sterne strain infection by the respiratory or oral route. (cdc.gov)
In the absence of evidence to the contrary, ATSDR assumes that humans are more sensitive to the effects of hazardous substance than animals and that certain persons may be particularly sensitive. (cdc.gov)
The prion diseases are a large group of related neurodegenerative conditions, which affect both animals and humans. (medscape.com)

Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. (wikipedia.org)

Genotypes of more than 100 RI strains were extensively error checked and regenotyped. (nervenet.org)
A third advantage of RI strains is that genotypes generated by different groups using a variety of methods can be pooled to generate high-density linkage maps. (nervenet.org)

A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. (wikipedia.org)
Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Inbred strains are the result of at least 20 generations of brother-sister mating. (uwm.edu)
Inbreeding allows scientists to stabilise the genome and fix certain traits through different generations. (yourgenome.org)
Animals produced by the mating of progeny over multiple generations. (nih.gov)
Established as speed congenics (5 generations, microsatellite marker) at the University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Institute for Animal Experimentation in 1998. (mcw.edu)

This causes the genes to become homozygous (same strain) at nearly all the loci on the chromosomes. (uwm.edu)
The final consensus maps are based on 1578 microsatellite loci and these maps have a cumulative length of approximately 1400 cM after adjustment for recombination frequencies of RI strains. (nervenet.org)

Genetic manipulation of the mouse genome has been customarily performed using ES cells derived from the agouti 129-inbred strain of mouse. (umassmed.edu)
Now, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), in collaboration with a number of other research institutes including K MIKIMOTO & CO, LTＤ, Pearl Research Institute and Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, have constructed a high-quality, chromosome-scale genome of pearl oysters, which they hope can be used to find resilient strains. (thefishsite.com)
This mapping strategy is supported by the high heritability, large effect size of strain on phenotypes, and existing whole genome sequencing data for the WMI and WLI strains ( ~100x coverage per strain, with ~4,400 high confidence polymorphisms between strains). (hhs.gov)

This works well for laboratory animals, which normally have nearly identical genetic information between the pair of chromosomes. (thefishsite.com)
Genomes of individuals strains typically incorporate 45-55 recombinations between parental chromosomes. (nervenet.org)

Sequencing the DNA of each animal allows the researchers to peg physiological and behavioral characteristics (phenotypes, in the vernacular) to specific genetic variants. (jax.org)

Natural infections in other Equidae, transmitted brain homogenates from infected ruminants, rabbits, cats, and ostriches have also horses to experimental animals. (cdc.gov)

But progress hasn't been so great in animal genetics. (sciencedaily.com)

Inbred F344. (bvsalud.org)

The animals in group B were given intramuscular betamethasone daily, those in group S were given saline injections daily, and those in group C were not submitted to any intervention. (bvsalud.org)
Ten days after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture thread around the upper right second molar. (bvsalud.org)

[3] It is a common misconception that all albino animals have characteristic pink or red eyes (resulting from the lack of pigment in the iris allowing the blood vessels of the retina to be visible), however this is not the case for some forms of albinism. (wikipedia.org)

Compared with normal wild type strains which produce both the toxin and the capsule, the Sterne strain is relatively avirulent, however immunization using the Sterne strain is able to stimulate a protective immune response. (cdc.gov)
The Sterne strain is currently the predominant strain used for immunization of domesticated animals against anthrax worldwide, and has been used for this purpose for many decades. (cdc.gov)

Strain is transferred to Ozgene ARC in 2023. (ozgene.com)

Another technique involves the removal or blocking instead of addition of a gene from the animal. (uwm.edu)
Amy Radunz, a nutritionist from the department of animal sciences at the University of Wisconsin in River Falls, has partnered with molecular biologist Hasan Khatib, an associate professor at University of Wisconsin-Madison, to ask how differences in maternal diet during pregnancy induce gene expression and DNA methylation changes in fetal tissues in sheep. (genengnews.com)
RI strains can therefore be exploited to expose gene-environment interactions. (nervenet.org)
The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 11 fecal bacteria obtained from three randomly selected animals from each group revealed gut dysbiosis in animals receiving GM. (bvsalud.org)

Certain plants including the genetic model organism Arabidopsis thaliana naturally self-pollinate, which makes it quite easy to create inbred strains in the laboratory (other plants, including important genetic models such as maize require transfer of pollen from one flower to another). (wikipedia.org)
If inbred animal models are used, then both the genetic constitution and environmental influences can be carefully controlled. (mcw.edu)
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has prompted animal models to study its pathology and develop an effective treatment. (medgadget.com)
JAX changed science 90 years ago with the advent of inbred laboratory mouse models and a genetic theory of cancer. (jax.org)
Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of genetic animal models to investigate the bidirectional relationship between trait anxiety and defensive reactions. (bvsalud.org)

Inbred strains have been extensively used in research. (wikipedia.org)

This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. (wakehealth.edu)
The ACRC handles breeding, maintenance and supply of healthy laboratory animals to support the ongoing research at the center. (ncbs.res.in)
Animals are docile and has very good breeding performance. (ozgene.com)
Juvenile in vitro embryo transfer is an important animal reproductive technology that can shorten the generation interval of livestock, explore the reproductive potential of dams with excellent genetic traits, accelerate genetic progress and production efficiency of the herd, and provide a wealth of genetic resources for livestock breeding. (geneticsmr.com)

But once it was finished, Clarence was able to choose one characteristic, for example a brown coat, and produce an endless supply of animals with that trait. (yourgenome.org)
The scientific world originally embraced C.C. Little's inbred mouse because it was a way to reduce the daunting complexity of biology and focus on a single genetic trait, such as coat color or cancer susceptibility. (jax.org)

A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. (wikipedia.org)
The WMI is an established animal model of depression and vulnerability to stress, while the WLI serves as its isogenic control. (hhs.gov)

Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. (wikipedia.org)
In other words, bioethics should examine the prejudices that are "based on species difference" and "species membership," and hence take up the central issue of "our obligations to nonhuman animals. (erudit.org)
lymphoid tissue, and digestive tract), which the animal model captures the It can be difficult to parse out concordance has often been ob- range of potential human response reasons for lack of tumour site con- served among different species after to the particular agent tested. (who.int)
Competing causes of mortali- or all of the animal species tested genetic variation, health status, life ty may prevent the development of experimentally. (who.int)

A hybrid between two inbred strains can be used to cancel out deleterious recessive genes resulting in an increase in the mentioned areas. (wikipedia.org)
Two strains may be bred together to produce a mixture of the genes of each strain. (uwm.edu)
These animals are used to study the function of the various genes. (uwm.edu)
That's because researchers have mostly been using crosses between inbred strains, making it impossible to pinpoint specific genomic regions or individual genes associated with a trait. (sciencedaily.com)
This is a system that could be used to discover genes associated with any complex trait a researcher is interested in, in any animal model," Palmer said. (sciencedaily.com)
But for wild animals - where a considerable number of variants in genes exist between chromosome pairs - relying on this method can lose a great deal of information. (thefishsite.com)
In contrast, interactions between genes and the environment cannot usually be studied using conventional mapping populations in which each animal is unique. (nervenet.org)

As a result, researchers have been able to develop thousands of mouse strains with mutations that mirror those seen in human genetic disease . (yourgenome.org)
Clarence Little, whose father had bred dogs, is probably best known for his development of the inbred 'lab' mouse, which he produced by mating generation after generation of mouse siblings. (yourgenome.org)
Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)

The researchers found that after three consecutive inbreeding cycles, the genetic diversity was significantly reduced. (thefishsite.com)
The progress being made by a number of companies and academic researchers enabling resolution of questions from genomic analysis was shared at the recent "Plant and Animal Conference" in San Diego. (genengnews.com)
This includes, but is not limited to, the acquisition and housing of laboratory animals, training researchers regarding proper animal care and use, providing state-of-the art facilities, and monitoring the safety of all personnel with laboratory animal contact. (ncbs.res.in)

The farmers often breed two animals with this strain but that leads to inbreeding and reduces genetic diversity. (thefishsite.com)

The resultant strain of animals is virtually identical genotypically. (nih.gov)

Routine manipulation of the strain in a microbiology laboratory is not likely to result in exposure. (cdc.gov)

The virulent strains of etative cells and activate the spores. (who.int)

Highly inbred animal lines allow the study of certain traits in a relatively pure form. (nih.gov)

BDII females were crossed to males from inbred strains with low EAC incidence (SPRD or BN). (mcw.edu)

Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. (wikipedia.org)
There were also strain and sex differences in basal plasma corticosterone (CORT) and steady-state hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) expression. (hhs.gov)

The NIH Animal Genetic Resource received the B6 Nude Spontaneous mutant model in 1980. (taconic.com)

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of Bacillus anthracis in animals are repeatedly reported in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)

Scientists had long considered dogs to be "artificial animals" with unnatural behavior, says ELTE ethologist Enikő Kubinyi, who has studied cognition in pet dogs for nearly 30 years. (brainfacts.org)

This exceedingly high uniformity means that fewer individuals are required to produce results with the same level of statistical significance when an inbred line is used in comparison to an outbred line in the same experiment. (wikipedia.org)

We found changes in immunodominance of different spike regions, depending on the variant an individual was first exposed to, with implications for variant risk assessment and vaccine-strain selection. (cdc.gov)

Low virulence coupled with high diversity has led to the suggestion that bats have evolved mechanisms to control viral replication more effectively than have most mammals and that some attribute common to all bats might also explain the apparent low virulence of viral infections in these animals. (cdc.gov)

What is the Sterne strain (34F2) of Bacillus anthracis ? (cdc.gov)
RÉSUMÉ Des épidémies de Bacillus anthracis chez les animaux sont souvent signalées en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)

With the emergence of new infectious diseases, the animal model has become a vital tool for studying disease mechanisms and developing therapeutics. (medgadget.com)
Genetic animal model, contextual fear conditioning, anxiety. (bvsalud.org)

One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. (wikipedia.org)
The Sterne strain, discovered in the 1930s, has naturally lost its pXO2 plasmid, and consequently its ability to produce a capsule. (cdc.gov)

One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. (wikipedia.org)
Growth charts are provided only as a guide, if a specific weight criteria is needed please order animals by weight. (taconic.com)

The transmission of this disease was demonstrated first in 1943 when a population of Scottish sheep was accidentally inoculated against a common virus using a formalin extract of lymphoid tissue from an animal with scrapie. (medscape.com)

Right here, we've got used RNA-seq to look at the transcriptome of complete mind in 40 of the LXS strains eight hours after a saline or ethanol "pretreatment" as in earlier behavioral research. (eumorphia.org)

Our preliminary data showed higher levels of oxycodone intake and oxycodone seeking in the WMI compared to the WLI strains. (hhs.gov)
Although human data are preferred, MRLs often must be based on animal studies because relevant human studies are lacking. (cdc.gov)

Second, the Sterne strain might regain pXO2 and revert to capsule production, resulting in wild-type virulence. (cdc.gov)

Spore extraction and bacteria with infected animals or their contaminated identification products [ 4 ]. (who.int)

Popular inbred for general use as low activity relative to other strains. (ozgene.com)

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