Anesthesia inhalation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Inhalation anesthesia facilitates higher patient outcomes as compared to intravenous route. (grandviewresearch.com)
Various advantages of inhalation route over intravenous route are primarily driving the market growth. (grandviewresearch.com)
Hence, higher patient benefits associated with the use of inhalation anesthesia as compared to intravenous version is expected to drive revenue growth over the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Deiner, S & Baxter, MG 2012, ' Cognitive dysfunction after inhalation versus intravenous anesthesia in elderly patients ', Anesthesiology , vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 676-678. (mssm.edu)
Further, certain advantages offered by inhalation anesthesia such as low risk of adverse chemical reactions and lower chances of complications during administration as compared with Intravenous Anesthesia (IVA), makes the target product popular among medical practitioners. (marketresearch.biz)
Intravenous (IV) agents like propofol, or anesthetic vapors, or a combination of the two, may be used to induce anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
A short acting barbiturate or other intravenous induction agent may be administered followed by inhalation of sevoflurane. (medicines.org.uk)
General anesthesia is induced and maintained using a combination of intravenous and inhaled agents. (medscape.com)
A chapter on intravenous anesthetic and analgesic adjuncts to inhalation anesthesia. (whsmith.co.uk)
General anesthetics can be divided into inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia (and subdivided into intravenous general anesthesia and anesthesia sedation) according to different delivery methods. (medgadget.com)
Background: Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. (koreamed.org)
General anesthesia uses intravenous and inhaled agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site. (medscape.com)

These factors have led to sevoflurane being the preferred choice of surgeons during surgical procedures for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
Advantages offered by desflurane such as low risk of nephrotoxicity and quick recovery as compared to sevoflurane will foster inhalation anesthesia market growth. (gminsights.com)
Currently, among segments based on product, the sevoflurane segment dominates in the global inhalation anesthesia market with major revenue share. (marketresearch.biz)
Induction with sevoflurane may be achieved by inhalation of 0.5-1.0% sevoflurane in oxygen (O 2 ) with or without nitrous oxide (N 2 O), increasing by increments of 0.5-1.0% sevoflurane, to a maximum of 8% in adults and children until the required depth of anaesthesia is achieved. (medicines.org.uk)
Surgical levels of anaesthesia may be maintained by inhalation of 0.5-3% sevoflurane in O 2 with or without concomitant use of N 2 O. (medicines.org.uk)
Emergence times are generally short following sevoflurane anesthesia. (medicines.org.uk)
Sevoflurane should not be used in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to sevoflurane or to other halogenated anaesthetics (e. g. history of liver function disorder, fever or leucocytosis of unknown cause after anesthesia with one of these agents). (medicines.org.uk)
Sevoflurane is contraindicated in patients in whom general anesthesia is contraindicated. (medicines.org.uk)
It was capable of vaporizing any of four liquid inhalation anesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
We tested whether low-dose sevoflurane inhalation provides sustained inhibition of detrimental granulocyte-platelet aggregation in humans. (uzh.ch)
Low-dose sevoflurane inhalation reduced ADP-induced CD62P expression on platelets 24 h after inhalation, and inhibited the formation of granulocyte-platelet aggregates under stimulation with AA and ADP after 1 and 24 h, and with TRAP-6 after 24 h compared with control. (uzh.ch)
Inhibition of granulocyte-platelet aggregates was accompanied by reduced clot firmness 24 h after sevoflurane inhalation compared with control. (uzh.ch)
Sevoflurane, one of the main anesthetic products, occupies the main market share of inhaled anesthetics and has a good market application prospect because its characteristics meet the demand of clinical anesthesia and its price has a certain space compared with other products. (medgadget.com)

Complications from inhalation sedation are rare, and are those events that require intervention to correct adverse physiological responses. (wikipedia.org)
Inhalation sedation using nitrous oxide has a long history of safe use in both medicine and dentistry. (wikipedia.org)
These patients depend partly on a low blood oxygen to initiate a breathing stimulus, so inhalation sedation removes that hypoxic drive. (wikipedia.org)
The state of sedation, analgesia, amnesia and muscle paralysis is called general anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
The conventional dose of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia has a good anesthetic effect in clinical applications, but at the same time, drug-related side effects are strong, and even excessive sedation of patients occurs, which is not conducive to patient safety [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Given the improvements in reptile sedation and anesthesia, even manageable reptiles may be preferentially sedated or anesthetized for procedures that would otherwise take longer to accomplish and cause unnecessary stress or discomfort. (merckvetmanual.com)
General anesthesia (GA) is the state produced when a patient receives medications for amnesia, analgesia, muscle paralysis, and sedation. (medscape.com)
Light sedation (oral), sedation with nitrous oxide (N2O) (inhalation) and deep sedation (rectal, nasal or intramuscular) are alternatives to general anesthesia that may be used when clinical rehabilitation is limited to a few teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
In 1998, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry established guidelines for the use of conscious and deep sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing clinical intervention. (bvsalud.org)
These guidelines reflect the current understanding of the appropriate monitoring of the needs and characteristics of the five functional levels of sedation and general anesthesia that can be used in pediatric patients 5 . (bvsalud.org)

Hence, isoflurane is the preferred choice for inhalation general anesthesia of anesthesiologists in developing countries owing to the presence of a cost-sensitive patient pool. (grandviewresearch.com)

Sedative analgesics such as remifentanil and dexmedetomidine have been demonstrated in studies to improve the impact of local nerve block and extend the duration of analgesia and have therefore become important adjuvants during surgical anesthesia. (hindawi.com)
In comparison to general anesthesia, brachial plexus block is easier to administer, requires less anesthetic medication, has a minimal effect on the entire body, maintains stable circulation, and provides prolonged postoperative analgesia compared to local infiltration anesthesia, and the analgesic effect and intraoperative treatment are superior. (hindawi.com)
General anesthesia (GA) is the state produced when a patient receives medications to produce amnesia and analgesia with or without reversible muscle paralysis. (medscape.com)
Anesthesia and Analgesia, 106(6):1749-1758. (uzh.ch)
A chapter on anesthesia and analgesia for donkeys and mules. (whsmith.co.uk)

Local anesthesia numbs a small part of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
You are awake and alert during local anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients with hemophilia should have clotting factors given before, during, and after an extraction and restorative dentistry requiring local anesthesia (eg, fillings). (msdmanuals.com)

During the post-COVID-19 situation, there has been an increase in the number of elective surgeries, which has further boosted the demand for inhalation anesthetics. (grandviewresearch.com)

Desflurane is a volatile, non-flammable and non-explosive agent extensively used in maintenance of general anesthesia. (gminsights.com)
Inhaled desflurane is used to cause general anesthesia (loss of consciousness) before and during surgery in adults. (mayoclinic.org)

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recommended that hospitals minimize, postpone, or cancel elective surgeries which have led to a reduction in the number of surgeries by 48% in the U.S. Inhaled anesthetics are commonly used to provide general anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
Hospitals segment dominated the market for inhalation anesthesia with a share of 68.54% in 2022, attributable to the highest number of surgeries performed in hospital settings. (grandviewresearch.com)
Ambulatory surgical centers segment is projected to grow at the fastest rate over the forecast period as it is a specialized setting for conducting same-day surgeries, which requires inhalation anesthetics that have a fast effect and recovery time. (grandviewresearch.com)
Thus, growing demand for inhalation anesthetics during surgeries will favour business growth. (gminsights.com)
Inhalation anesthesia is routinely used during most medical surgeries as the intensity of anesthesia is simpler to control and the patient regains his/her consciousness soon with few deleterious after-effects. (marketresearch.biz)
Rising number of emergencies due to increasing number of accidental cases, chronic diseases, and cataract cases is expected to boost demand for surgeries, and subsequently need for anesthesia procedures. (marketresearch.biz)
General anesthesia is easily and rapidly administered, is reversible and can be used for surgeries that are unpredictable in extent. (news-medical.net)
Regional anesthesia may be used during childbirth, a Cesarean delivery (C-section), or minor surgeries. (medlineplus.gov)
Throat pain and nausea/vomiting are among the most common complications observed in most surgeries, especially those with anesthesia and in head and neck area [3,4]. (bvsalud.org)

Additionally, faster recovery as compared to halothane and minimal risk of fulminant hepatitis will boost inhalation anesthesia business growth during the forecast period. (gminsights.com)
Inhalation anesthetic molecules such as halothane cause these lipid regions to mix, potentially affecting the function of ion channel proteins found imbedded in the membrane. (nist.gov)

5.24 cases in inhalation anesthesia, preoperative complications and severe hypotension. (curehunter.com)

What are the types of anesthesia? (medlineplus.gov)
grew to manufacture many types of anesthesia equipment. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)

The effects of anesthesia on awareness, consciousness, learning and memory in our study sample were following: 1. (curehunter.com)

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract. (curehunter.com)
When Wells, a Hartford dentist, as well as Morton's former teacher and partner, read this article and saw that Morton and Jackson were taking credit for the discovery that insensibility to pain could be achieved through the inhalation of gases, he wrote a rebuttal. (asahq.org)
It may also occur spontaneously in patients during inhalation of anesthesia or due to increased inhaled carbon dioxide, such as what occurs from rebreathing gases that had been exhaled. (petmd.com)
Environmental inhalation exposures are inherently mixed (gases and particles), yet regulations are still based on single toxicant exposures. (cdc.gov)

The Global Inhalation Anesthesia Market size is expected to be worth around US$ xx Billion by 2021 from US$ X.xx million in 2031, growing at a CAGR of X.x% during the forecast period 2021 to 2031. (marketresearch.biz)

Brachial plexus block commonly used in finger replantation has the advantages of simple operation, small side effects, and stable circulation, but it has inherent problems such as imperfect block range, slow onset of anesthesia, and short maintenance time of anesthesia. (hindawi.com)
The anesthesia market has a high barrier, and the advantages of leading enterprises will be further concentrated. (medgadget.com)

Induction inhalation anesthesia market segment accounted for more than USD 250 million in 2018. (gminsights.com)
Induction of anesthesia necessitates higher concentration of drug as compared to the amount required for maintenance, thus increasing the demand for inhalation anesthetics. (gminsights.com)
This can be attributable to higher requirement of anesthesia for maintenance as compared with induction. (marketresearch.biz)
Following pre-medication, the patient is given induction anesthesia, which, as we may colloquially say, is responsible for putting the patient to sleep. (news-medical.net)
This maintenance phase is a stable one during anesthesia and the drugs may be administered via the same routes as the induction drugs (i.e.intravenously or via inhalation). (news-medical.net)

Maintenance segment dominated the inhalation anesthesia industry with a share of 84.91% in 2022, attributable to the fact that inhaled anesthetics are preferred for the maintenance of anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
Moreover, benefits of inhalation anesthetics over injectable anesthetics will further stimulate inhalation anesthesia business growth. (gminsights.com)
However, several adverse effects of anesthetics may impede inhalation anesthesia industry growth over the analysis timeframe. (gminsights.com)
Segment growth is attributed to increasing demand for inhalation anesthetics due to airway safety airway and fast recovery as compared to injectable anesthetics. (gminsights.com)
It is also used as a maintenance anesthesia in adults and children after receiving other anesthetics before and during surgery. (mayoclinic.org)
Despite considerable investigation, however, no one was able to demonstrate that anesthetics produced changes in the physical properties of membranes large enough to cause anesthesia. (nist.gov)

Anesthesia providers are responsible for assessing all factors that influence a patient's medical condition and selecting the optimal anesthetic technique accordingly. (medscape.com)

The global Medical Anesthesia Agent market is growing remarkably fast and is likely to thrive in terms of volume and revenue during the forecast period. (medgadget.com)

Inhalation anesthesia is considered to be the best alternative for patients who are on ventilation for more than 24 hours as it becomes easy to monitor the patient's health. (grandviewresearch.com)
These patients do not require an overnight stay giving the inhaled anesthesia a competitive edge in the ambulatory surgical center setting. (grandviewresearch.com)
Patients placed under general anesthesia are not capable of recalling what happens intraoperatively and are not aroused by painful stimuli. (news-medical.net)
Therefore, patients can be given their routine medications with sips of water up to 2 hours before anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Cette étude clinique en double aveugle évaluait l'incidence des nausées et des vomissements après une chirurgie de la cataracte avec anesthésie par voie intraveineuse chez 100 patients auxquels un placebo (eau saline), du métoclopramide (10 mg), de la dexaméthasone (8 mg) ou les deux médicaments associés avaient été administrés de manière randomisée avant l'opération. (who.int)
L'association du métoclopramide et de la dexaméthasone a considérablement réduit les nausées et vomissements, non seulement en salle de réveil mais également dans les 24 heures qui suivent, et est recommandée pour les groupes à haut risque, notamment pour les patients opérés en ambulatoire. (who.int)
Patients with pulmonary or cardiac disease who require inhalation anesthesia for dental procedures should be hospitalized. (msdmanuals.com)
Anesthesiologists use them to help determine how much anesthesia to give patients and to monitor their respiratory status. (medlineplus.gov)
We've seen data suggesting the prevalence of dysphagia is substantial in chronic pain patients," said panelist Brian Bateman, MD, MSc, assistant professor of anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. (medscape.com)

Inhalation Anesthesia Market size was valued at USD 1.3 billion in 2018 and is expected to witness 5.4% CAGR from 2019 to 2025. (gminsights.com)

Life-saving surgical procedures such as brain surgery, open-heart surgery, or organ transplantation would not have been possible without general anesthesia, thereby, boosting the demand for inhaled anesthetic drugs. (grandviewresearch.com)
Anesthesia is the use of medicines to prevent pain during surgery and other procedures. (medlineplus.gov)
In order to explore the reliable clinical anesthesia effect, this paper uses experimental investigation methods to study the effect of dexmedetomidine in clinical surgery of replantation of severed fingers. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, studies have shown that using general anesthesia for upper limb surgery increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis while simultaneously increasing the expense of general anesthesia. (hindawi.com)
With modern advances in medications, monitoring technology, and safety systems, as well as highly educated anesthesia providers, the risk caused by anesthesia to a patient undergoing routine surgery is extremely remote. (medscape.com)
Surgery generally requires anesthesia, and the increase in the number of operations directly drives the increase in anesthetic sales. (medgadget.com)
A dentist should consult a physician when a systemic disorder is suspected, when the patient is taking certain drugs (eg, warfarin , bisphosphonates), and when a patient's ability to withstand general anesthesia or extensive oral surgery must be evaluated. (msdmanuals.com)

This text provides all of the information needed to prepare, conduct, and monitor the administration of drugs in order to produce safe and effective anesthesia, treat pain, respond to adverse effects, and perform and monitor emergency and critical care treatment. (whsmith.co.uk)

Hemodynamic processes are another group of key clinical parameters that is changed when a patient is put under general anesthesia. (news-medical.net)
depending on a patient's clinical presentation, local or regional anesthesia may be more appropriate. (medscape.com)

Mortality attributable to general anesthesia is said to occur at rates of less than 1:100,000. (medscape.com)

The IOP was significantly lower when the animals were under anesthesia as compared to when they were conscious (p≤0.05). (scielo.br)

It does, however, have flaws such as a limited block range, a sluggish onset of anesthesia, and a short duration of anesthesia. (hindawi.com)
General anesthesia can address the need for a longer operation duration for severed finger replantation while also providing a superior anesthetic effect. (hindawi.com)

2002) and Inhalation Toxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDC Information Center on 07/10/12 to elderly people but also to susceptible persons with under- in animal studies from about 50% (Oberd¨orster et al. (cdc.gov)

0.97 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 0.89 cases in TIVA, 1.39 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 1.39 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 2.09 cases in CSEA, 3.44 cases in epidural anesthesia, 1.87 cases in spinal anesthesia, zero case in conduction block and zero case in other methods. (curehunter.com)
11.31 cases in inhalation anesthesia, 36.61 cases in TIVA, 9.29 cases in inhalation anesthesia + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 6.59 cases in TIVA + epidural or spinal or conduction block, 3.59 cases in CSEA, 6.3 cases in epidural anesthesia, 4.39 cases in spinal anesthesia, 2.36 cases in conduction block and 23.56 cases in other methods. (curehunter.com)

Delirium after general anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)

The global inhalation anesthesia market size was valued at USD 1.46 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.04% from 2023 to 2030. (grandviewresearch.com)

and influenza virus are often caused by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. (cdc.gov)
Environmentally/occupationally relevant lung deposition levels in mice were achieved after inhalation of stable aerosols with similar aerodynamic and mass median distributions. (cdc.gov)

The concentration of inhalation maintenance anesthetic will be reduced between 40% and 60%, depending on the dose of dexmedetomidine. (nih.gov)
Finally, this paper verifies the reliability of dexmedetomidine in replantation of severed finger through comparative analysis and verifies that the anesthesia method proposed in this paper has certain user satisfaction through parameter survey. (hindawi.com)

Based on our recent survey, we have several different scenarios about the Medical Anesthesia Agent YoY growth rate for 2020. (medgadget.com)
The market size of Medical Anesthesia Agent will reach US$ xx in 2026, with a CAGR of xx% from 2020 to 2026. (medgadget.com)
QY Research has recently curated a research report titled, Global Medical Anesthesia Agent Market Research Report 2020. (medgadget.com)
MéTHODE: Cette enquête multicentrique descriptive a été réalisée en distribuant un questionnaire à 26 unités de soins intensifs françaises, du 1er juin au 1er octobre 2020. (bvsalud.org)

Based on a conditional assumption that transmission during this outbreak was by inhalation of respiratory aerosol, we use the available evidence to infer the emission rate of airborne infectious quanta from the primary source. (medrxiv.org)

Awareness when someone is under general anesthesia. (medlineplus.gov)

On the other hand, some disadvantages of general anesthesia are that it may cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, headache and a delay in the return of normal memory functioning. (news-medical.net)

Based on NIH data, nearly 60,000 people undergo a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. (grandviewresearch.com)
Inhalation anesthesia is a surgical procedure in which an anesthetic compound is administered to patient via inhalation. (marketresearch.biz)

Press Release: Inhalation Anesthesia Market to Register a CAGR of 3.5% Over. (marketresearch.biz)

Components of a Typical Inhalation Anaesthesia Machine and Circle Breathing System. (vin.com)

In other words, general anesthesia is an induced, reversible and controlled loss of consciousness. (news-medical.net)

Here, we mechanistically investigated pulmonary inflammation and lung function decline after inhalation co-exposure and individual exposures to ozone (O(3)) and ultrafine carbon black (CB). (cdc.gov)

We have studied lung retention and clearance kinetics in 12 healthy male adult WKY rats up to 6 mo after an inhalation of 192Ir-radiolabeled, insoluble, ultrafine 15- to 20-nm iridium particles. (cdc.gov)

However, high cost of inhalation anesthesia procedure and lack of well-trained surgeons may hamper growth for the target market. (marketresearch.biz)
Diethyl ether and chloroform were used as sole agents in a general anesthetic procedure for almost a century, and the term anesthesia was introduced soon after the discovery of etherization. (frontiersin.org)
When the anesthesia provider first suspects that an MH reaction may be occurring, the surgeon should be notified promptly, and a decision should be made about whether the procedure is to be continued or canceled. (medscape.com)

This is usually a secondary effect of the agents used to induce or maintain general anesthesia, which may cause depressant or stimulatory cardiovascular consequences. (news-medical.net)

Currently, among segments based on application, the maintenance segment dominates in the global inhalation anesthesia market. (marketresearch.biz)

Furthermore, extended general anesthesia may lead to significant consequences such aspiration pneumonia, delayed recovery, postoperative nausea and vomiting, hypoventilation, and acute atelectasis. (hindawi.com)

Therapeutic hydrogen has been applied by different delivery methods including straightforward inhalation, drinking hydrogen dissolved in water and injection with hydrogen-saturated saline. (researchgate.net)
Committee members also said that the company had convincingly proven that this formulation would prevent abuse by inhalation or injection. (medscape.com)

While many anesthesiologists are familiar with this sculpture, there are other less-known memorials related to the introduction of surgical inhalation anesthesia and to the claimants to its discovery. (asahq.org)

What finally led to the debate between Jackson and Morton was Morton's cessation of stating that Jackson had been the discoverer of sulfuric ether's anesthetic properties and his subsequently expressing that the discovery of surgical inhalation anesthesia was his own. (asahq.org)

Surge in number of emergency and trauma cases and growing patient inclination towards ambulatory day care procedures will serve to be positive impact rendering factors augmenting inhalation anesthesia industry growth. (gminsights.com)
When it comes to anesthesia and monitoring, ease of use, simplicity and safety are vital for you to provide the best patient care and for every pet owner's peace of mind. (midmark.com)
General anesthesia begins with pre-medicating the patient. (news-medical.net)
The anesthesiologist (i.e. the physician-specialist responsible for administering anesthesia) ensures that the patient has a secured airway, all physiological monitors are properly functioning and maintenance and resuscitation agents are at hand. (news-medical.net)
Anesthesia enables a patient to tolerate surgical procedures that would otherwise inflict unbearable pain, potentiate extreme physiologic exacerbations, and result in unpleasant memories. (medscape.com)
Overnight fasting reduces the risk for aspiration of stomach contents when the patient is placed under general anesthesia . (medscape.com)

Furthermore, increasing investments in R&D, by leading manufacturers in order to develop technologically advanced products such as airway pressure monitoring and breathing system disconnect alarms, monitoring of inspired oxygen, pulse oximetry, etc., is expected to support growth of the global inhalation anesthesia market in next 10 years. (marketresearch.biz)
Achieve the highest level of dental and anesthesia monitoring excellence. (midmark.com)
Train for dental and anesthesia monitoring excellence, better care and lasting success. (midmark.com)
Pairing the industry leading anesthesia delivery system with the latest innovation in vital signs monitoring, you can perform safer, more efficient procedures. (midmark.com)
He also has written hundreds of journal articles, is the recipient of many professional awards, and is the co-author of Elsevier's Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management (with Gaynor) and Equine Anesthesia: Monitoring and Emergency Therapy (with Hubbell). (whsmith.co.uk)

The most common cause, however, is due to an exhausted carbon dioxide absorbent in the anesthesia machine is the most common cause. (petmd.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms4

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment86

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care23

Intravenous12

Sevoflurane13

Sedation10

Isoflurane1

Analgesia5

Local Anesthesia3

Boosted the demand for inhalation anesthetics1

Desflurane2

Surgeries9

Halothane2

Complications1

Types of anesthesia2

Effects of anesthesia1

Gases4

20211

Advantages2

Induction5

Anesthetics6

Anesthetic technique1

Forecast period1

Patients9

20181

Surgery7

Adverse1

Clinical2

Attributable1

0.051

Duration2

20021

TIVA2

Delirium1

20231

Aerosols2

Dexmedetomidine2

20204

Respiratory1

Awareness1

Disadvantages1

Surgical procedure2

CAGR1

Anaesthesia1

Loss of consciousn1

Pulmonary1

Ultrafine1

Procedure3

Depressant1

Segment1

Consequences1

Injection2

Anesthesiologists1

Subsequently1

Patient6

Monitoring5

Carbon1