Anaphylatoxins indirectly mediate: smooth muscle cells contraction, for example bronchospasms increase in the permeability of blood capillaries C5a indirectly mediates chemotaxis-receptor-mediated movement of leukocytes in the direction of the increasing concentration of anaphylatoxins Important anaphylatoxins: C5a has the highest specific biological activity and is able to act directly on neutrophils and monocytes to speed up the phagocytosis of pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor for the chemotactic and inflammatory C3a, C4a and C5a anaphylatoxin peptides and also for their dearginated forms ASP/C3adesArg, C4adesArg and C5adesArg respectively. (nih.gov)
Peptides1
Anaphylatoxins, or complement peptides, are fragments (C3a, C4a and C5a) that are produced as part of the activation of the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors3
The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are potent mediators and regulators of inflammation during the effector phase of autoimmunity through engagement of specific anaphylatoxin receptors, i.e. (isef-luebeck.de)
They regulate B- and T-lymphocyte responses either directly or indirectly through the activation of anaphylatoxin receptors via dendritic cells that modulate lymphocyte function. (isef-luebeck.de)
C5aR2, also known as C5L2, is one of two receptors for C5a (anaphylatoxin). (exbio.cz)
Local inflammatory process1
Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C3, C3a anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. (abcam.com)
Inflammatory5
Anaphylatoxins are able to trigger degranulation (release of substances) of endothelial cells, mast cells or phagocytes, which produce a local inflammatory response. (wikipedia.org)
Anaphylatoxins, which are involved in both pro-inflammatory processes and a variety of anti-inflammatory effects, are produced during granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis. (adacyte.com)
We noticed the anti-inflammatory effects of C5a, the strongest anaphylatoxin, in granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis. (adacyte.com)
Three activating pathways comprise the complement cascade (classical, mannose-binding lectin, and alternative), and all converge on the proteolytic cleavage of C3 to generate an arsenal of inflammatory mediators, including the opsonin C3b and the anaphylatoxin C3a. (molvis.org)
This leads to initiation of cascade of enzymatic cleavages and formation of crucial enzymatic complexes (C3 and C5 convertases), release of pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins (C5a, C3a) that attract white blood cells and finally formation of membrane attack complex (MAC, pore in a membrane). (lu.se)
Opsonin1
Short-lived protease complexes cleave complement component C3 into anaphylatoxin C3a and opsonin C3b. (rcsb.org)
Indirectly1
The complement anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) can also indirectly modulate phagocytosis. (nos-nop.org)
Mast cells2
The C3a, C4a and C5a components are referred to as anaphylatoxins: they cause smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, histamine release from mast cells, and enhanced vascular permeability. (wikipedia.org)
Although some drugs (morphine, codeine, synthetic ACTH) and some neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, substance P) are important mediators of degranulation of mast cells or basophils, they are generally not called anaphylatoxins. (wikipedia.org)
Proteolytic1
Anaphylatoxins are proteolytic products of the serine proteases of the complement system: C3a, C4a and C5a. (dadamo.com)
Mediators1
Recent evidence from Dr. Pasinetti's laboratory and others suggests that a mechanism by which IVIG may benefit cognition is through the increase of brain contents of certain mediators of natural immunity, such as the complement component-derived anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a, capable of promoting synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. (sciencedaily.com)
Strongest1
The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. (umassmed.edu)
Protein1
One hypothesis was that patients with such variants lacked the ability to regulate the alternate complement pathway once it had become activated, resulting in the formation of anaphylatoxins, a type of protein that mediates inflammation, among other biological functions. (nih.gov)
Fragments1
To the most well-defined fragments belong anaphylatoxins. (dadamo.com)
Roles1
Here, we will briefly review our current understanding of the complex roles of anaphylatoxins in the regulation of immunologic tolerance and the early events driving autoimmunity and the implications of such regulation for therapeutic approaches that target the CS. (isef-luebeck.de)
Adaptive1
In addition to their role in innate IRs, anaphylatoxins regulate humoral and cellular adaptive IRs including B-cell and T-cell activation, differentiation, and survival. (isef-luebeck.de)
Inflammation1
Complement activation results in an enzymatic cascade leading to the production of opsonins and anaphylatoxins responsible for clearing pathogens and initiating inflammation. (ashpublications.org)
Release1
These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Active1
C4a is the least active anaphylatoxin. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we show that by preventing CP activation, TNT003 also prevents cold agglutinin-driven generation of anaphylatoxins. (ashpublications.org)
Human2
To test this hypothesis, the researchers exposed 10 iPSC-derived RPE cell lines involving different genetic variants to anaphylatoxins from human serum. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of GAPDH by anacardic acid and curcumin seems to be unrelated to the immune evasion function of pathogenic bacterial GAPDH, since neither natural compound interfere with binding to the human C5a anaphylatoxin. (rcsb.org)
Effects1
Importantly, anaphylatoxin effects are dynamic and context-dependent and should not be generalized. (nos-nop.org)
Cleavage of the alpha chain by a convertase enzyme results in the formation of the C5a anaphylatoxin, which possesses potent spasmogenic and chemotactic activity, and the C5b macromolecular cleavage product, a subunit of the membrane attack complex (MAC). (nih.gov)
DesArg1
Human C3a and C3a desArg anaphylatoxins have conserved structures, in contrast to C5a and C5a desArg. (nih.gov)
Peptide1
These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. (prospecbio.com)
Proteins1
The overall polypeptide fold is similar to that of the sequence related human recombinant anaphylatoxin C5a [(1988) Proteins 3, 139-145]. (nih.gov)
Cytokines1
RBC washing devices can help remove byproducts in salvaged blood such as activated cytokines, anaphylatoxins , and other waste substances that may have been collected in the reservoir suctioned from the surgical field. (bionity.com)
Cleavage1
Anaphylatoxins C5a, C3a and C4a are generated through cleavage of C5, C3 and C4, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme1
It is a plasma zinc enzyme that inactivates bradykinin and anaphylatoxins. (nih.gov)
Binds1
C3a is an anaphylatoxin having a proinflammatory effect, whereas C3b binds a fragment of element B (Bb), therefore forming the C3 convertase (C3bBb). (scienza-under-18.org)
Activity1
The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine. (nih.gov)
Asthma1
Levels of the anaphylatoxin C3a are increased in patients with asthma compared with those in nonasthmatics and increase further still during asthma exacerbations. (nih.gov)
Nuclear1
The solution conformation of bovine anaphylatoxin C5a has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (nih.gov)
Role1
Little is known about the role of C3a, beyond the fact that is an anaphylatoxin," Fernandez-Godino said. (hcplive.com)