Analysis behavior animal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Work addressing organizations is often found under applied animal behavior (AAB), community, social, and sustainability issues (CSS), education (EDC), organizational behavior management (OBM), and teaching behavior analysis (TBA). (abainternational.org)

Behavior analysts also emphasize that the science of behavior must be a natural science as opposed to a social science. (wikipedia.org)
The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
Applied behavior analysis focuses on the science of behavior. (psychcentral.com)

Animal trainers also need to educate pet owners and their families about reinforcing positive progress on a daily basis, much like practicing psychologists treating children with autism or a similar condition. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
The Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI) is approved by the Qualified Applied Behavior Analysis Credentialing Board (QABA) to offer CE for those with Applied Behavior Analysis Technician or Qualified Autism Services Practitioner credentials. (abainternational.org)
Neurobiology and genetics of of social behavior development, and neurobiology and genetics of autism and spectrum disorders. (upenn.edu)
Are you looking for information on how applied behavior analysis can help your child develop and overcome autism? (tripod.com)

and verbal behavior (VRB). (abainternational.org)
Research in verbal behavior development identified how this occurs and how to establish this capability in children who lack naming.The presenter willoutline the protocols to do so and how instruction should change following its establishment, along with why naming is an essential for inclusion. (abainternational.org)
He has been involved in research in verbal behavior and how it is acquired or how it may be established for more than 25 years. (abainternational.org)

When decedents with pentobarbital poisoning were excluded from analyses, SMRs for suicide of male and female veterinarians, but not veterinary technicians or technologists, did not differ significantly from results for the general population. (cdc.gov)
Found that when veterinarians who died from pentobarbital poisoning were excluded from the analysis, the likelihood of male and female veterinarians dying from suicide was not different than that of the general population. (cdc.gov)

This represents a shift away from methodological behaviorism, which restricts behavior-change procedures to behaviors that are overt, and was the conceptual underpinning of behavior modification. (wikipedia.org)

Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior ," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 272-292, March. (repec.org)

I have specialized in data analysis of neurophysiological signals, including extracellular spikes, local field potentials and human ECoG, and quantification of animal behavior using video tracking and accelerometers. (lu.se)

The IMPRS-QBEE is a structured graduate program for outstanding doctoral candidates from around the world whose research interests lie within the fields of animal behaviour, ecology, evolution, physiology and neurobiology and are seeking a starting platform with a stimulating and competitive environment to give their careers a boost. (academicpositions.ch)
Physiology & Behavior 239, 113494. (awionline.org)

This article presents a behavioral-analytic view about schizophrenia and comprises two parts: (a) presents previous work on animal behavioral experimental models related to schizophrenic behaviors (i.e., social isolation, latent inhibition and learned helplessness) and (b) applied interventions (e.g., the token economy and functional analytic approaches). (bvsalud.org)
the other two forms are radical behaviorism (or the philosophy of the science) and the experimental analysis of behavior (or basic experimental laboratory research). (wikipedia.org)
It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental laboratory research, but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning and classical conditioning. (wikipedia.org)
The beginnings of ABA can be traced back to Teodoro Ayllon and Jack Michael's study "The psychiatric nurse as a behavioral engineer" (1959) that they published in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB). (wikipedia.org)
CatWalk XT gait analysis has been validated in research and experimental procedures for several (neurological) disorders and lesions. (noldus.com)
Noise researchers know that noise susceptibility in experimental animals is quite variable (e.g. (cdc.gov)

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has earned its place as a core component of modern psychological practice when dealing with all kinds of behavior disorders. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
Nevertheless, separating the young animals from their dams soon after birth remains a common practice in dairy farm husbandry. (awionline.org)
It may seem odd to use the word "behavior" when talking about learning to talk, play, and live as a complex social animal, but to a behaviorist all these can be taught, so long as there are intact brain functions to learn and practice the skills. (tripod.com)

ABA is an applied science devoted to developing procedures which will produce observable changes in behavior. (wikipedia.org)
In aquaculture, changes in behavior can result from different environmental or physiological conditions and these could be used as an indicator of fish welfare. (frontiersin.org)

Monitoring and understanding fish behavior is crucial for achieving precision in everyday husbandry practices (i.e. for optimizing farm performance), and for improving fish welfare in aquaculture. (frontiersin.org)
Acquire and make easily accessible to zoo and aquarium professionals the current body of knowledge on animal welfare and ethics. (czaw.org)
Conduct and facilitate welfare assessments and applied welfare research on captive exotic animals. (czaw.org)
Convene important discussions and presentations on captive exotic animal welfare and ethics. (czaw.org)
Train professionals on captive exotic animal welfare best practices and policies. (czaw.org)
Recognize advances in improving captive exotic animal welfare and ethics through awards. (czaw.org)
Enhancing our understanding of animals ensures and improves ex situ animal welfare as well as in situ conservation. (czaw.org)
The Detroit Zoological Society - a renowned leader in humane education, wildlife conservation, animal welfare and sustainability - operates the Detroit Zoo and Belle Isle Nature Center. (czaw.org)
This database, created in 2000, is updated every three months with newly published scientific articles, books, and other publications related to improving or safeguarding the welfare of animals used in research. (awionline.org)
It's Okay to Cry - Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum [LAREF], Volume V. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC. (awionline.org)
Our findings suggest that zoos should conduct behavioral observations of and collect physiological data from their animals, especially if they are sensitive to environmental changes, when implementing new events, including those occurring outside of normal operating hours to ensure high levels of animal welfare. (cambridge.org)
While these extra activities/events enhance the zoo visitors' experience, there has been little empirical research into how zoo events, aside from standard visitation, affect the welfare of the animals. (cambridge.org)
To begin to address the lack of information on zoo animal welfare during special events, we opportunistically studied how a new, late-night, haunted-house style event affected zoo animal behavior. (cambridge.org)
Measures of oxidative stress have potential for integrating positive and negative life experiences into comprehensive cellular indicators of animal welfare. (mdpi.com)
Historical targets for country-level animal rabies testing volumes were abandoned due to ethical and welfare concerns, and interpretation challenges of testing healthy animals. (cdc.gov)

The relationship between zoo animals, particularly nonhuman primates, and visitors is complex and varies by species. (cambridge.org)
The relationship between zoo visitors and animals, particularly nonhuman primates, is a complicated one and there is little consensus in the literature on whether visitors cause stress, provide enrichment or do not affect the animals (for a review see: Hosey, Reference Hosey 2000 ). (cambridge.org)

Applied Animal Behaviour Science 230, 105047. (awionline.org)
[1] [2] Agonistic behaviour is seen in many animal species because resources including food, shelter, and mates are often limited. (wikipedia.org)
Scott and Fredericson studied mice and rats, and classified three main categories of agonistic behaviour these animals display, which include preliminary behaviour, attack, and defensive and escape behaviour. (wikipedia.org)
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 105173. (akcchf.org)
Researchers across several faculties draw on video recordings of animal and human behaviour (e.g., birds, humans speaking and gesturing in conversation or interviews) as their primary data source. (lu.se)

Once behaviors are broken down into discrete causes and components, the methods used in applied behavior analysis for humans and animals are essentially the same. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
ABA practitioners working with animals first need to establish specific goals so they can gauge results and modify their methods as necessary. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
Personal service animals are invaluable companions for people with a wide range of disabilities and health concerns, so they also receive advanced training based on ABA methods. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
In 1965, Lovaas published a series of articles that described a pioneering investigation of the antecedents and consequences that maintained a problem behavior, and relied on the methods of errorless learning which was initially used by Charles Ferster to teach nonverbal children to speak. (wikipedia.org)
However, traditional observation methods are time- and labor-intensive, as they require experts to observe the animals on-site during long and repeated sessions and manually score their behavior. (czaw.org)
We focus on automated analysis methods, using machine learning, and data management using FAIR principles which raise ethical questions. (lu.se)
This field combines medical imaging technology, computer science, and data analysis methods to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and research of various medical conditions. (lu.se)

The Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior together with the Department of Biology from the University of Konstanz, near lake Constance in southern Germany, announce the next recruitment for doctoral positions at the International Max Planck Research School for Quantitative Behavior, Ecology and Evolution from lab to field (IMPRS-QBEE). (academicpositions.ch)
The Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, jointly with the Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz. (academicpositions.ch)
Despite its importance, the fundamental biology of these social processes is not well understood, and currently available treatments for these social behavior domains are inadequate. (upenn.edu)
However, many researchers, particularly in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology, use the R programming language to conduct their analyses. (biorxiv.org)
Handbook of mouse auditory research: from behavior to molecular biology. (cdc.gov)

The monitoring of animals under human care is a crucial tool for biologists and zookeepers to keep track of the animals' physical and psychological health. (czaw.org)
Since many individuals in these countries remain at risk of infection, post-exposure healthcare-seeking behaviors are crucial in preventing infection and warrant examination. (cdc.gov)

A case study in which the methodology was used by behavioral ecologists to explore the social behavior of two animal populations of endangered species. (uic.edu)
The formulation and provision of appropriate diets for zoo animals is important in ensuring the continued health of populations. (researchgate.net)

All statistical analyses were conducted of the eight patients had stool cultures positive for Shigella in R (version 4.1.3, R Foundation). (cdc.gov)

Experimentation Scientists conduct experiments to better understand functional relations that help them to understand what influences or causes a behavior or event to occur. (psychcentral.com)
These experiences include activities such as interactions with keepers, animal training, and special events that occur outside of normal operating hours. (cambridge.org)
While any one of these divisions of behaviours may be seen alone in an interaction between two animals, they normally occur in sequence from start to end. (wikipedia.org)
Most cases occur in males, reflecting the male predominance in the occupations or activities of the infected patients, which include veterinarians, veterinary students, farmers, shepherds, and other animal caretakers. (medscape.com)

They accomplish this by identifying environmental or social triggers for undesirable behavior, as well as the individual mental habits or activities that contribute to the negative reaction. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
Applied behavior analysis, or ABA, is a scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that takes practical advantage of those discoveries. (psychcentral.com)
Animals are exposed to continuously changing environmental stimuli, such as temperature, odor, light and sound. (riken.jp)
Environmental factors applied to specification and understanding of behavior. (bradley.edu)
Pharmacokinetic modeling combined with recent congener-specific PCB analysis in blood would help determine the environmental levels necessary to cause the blood levels seen. (cdc.gov)

Applied behavior analysis (ABA), also called behavioral engineering, is a psychological intervention that applies approaches based upon the principles of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior of social significance. (wikipedia.org)
The Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI) is approved by the American Psychological Association (APA) to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. (abainternational.org)
He is the recipient of the Fred S. Keller Award for Distinguished Contributions to Education from the American Psychological Association, International Dissemination of Behavior Analysis Award from the Society for the Advancement of Behavior Analysis, and an award from the Westchester County Legislature for the contributions of the Fred S. Keller School. (abainternational.org)
Descriptive and inferential analyses are presented in the context of psychological research. (bradley.edu)
Analysis of psychological stress and its impact. (bradley.edu)
Emphasis will be on understanding the biological and psychological underpinnings of religious belief, behavior, and experience. (bradley.edu)
Women and their behavior: influence of psychological, social, and biological factors. (bradley.edu)

Over 100 parameters are calculated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual footfalls and gait! (noldus.com)

The science behind ABA consists of efforts to understand the behaviors and stimuli being studied through varying levels of description, prediction, and control. (psychcentral.com)
We are currently investigating the mechanism of multi-sensory integration in the nervous system by analyzing behavior strategies and neural circuits of C. elegans that are exposed to multiple stimuli, especially temperature and odor. (riken.jp)

As spider monkeys are typically diurnal, we believed they would be a good representative animal species to study. (cambridge.org)
Parapoxvirus species are enzootic to hoofed animals (ungulates) throughout the world. (medscape.com)
MetagenomeSeq analysis showed eight differential abundance species in individual patient profiles, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. (bvsalud.org)

They accomplish this by observing the animal directly and consulting with owners or caretakers to gather as much information as possible. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
PROCEDURES: Decedents employed as veterinarians, veterinary technicians or technologists, or veterinary assistants or laboratory animal caretakers and veterinary students who died by suicide or of undetermined intent were identified through retrospective review of National Violent Death Reporting System records. (cdc.gov)
Among decedents employed at the time of death, SMRs for suicide of male and female veterinarians (1.6 and 2.4, respectively) and male and female veterinary technicians or technologists (5.0 and 2.3, respectively) were significantly greater than those for the general US population, whereas SMRs for suicide of male and female veterinary assistants or laboratory animal caretakers were not. (cdc.gov)
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers did not have higher likelihood of suicide. (cdc.gov)

There is a diverse array of experiments used for assessing animal cognition, with mazes among the most popular (Paul et al. (springer.com)

Evolutionary theory and the analysis of animal behavior: some implications and applications. (nmu.edu)
CANAPE (categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism) is one such method that can provide insight into the evolutionary processes generating biodiversity. (biorxiv.org)
how evolutionary theory can be applied to understanding human behavior in contemporary society. (bradley.edu)

Poxviridae are a family of oval or brick-shaped, quite large, double-stranded DNA viruses that can infect both humans and animals. (medscape.com)

We believe that better understanding of biobehavioral characteristics, as well as the continued pursuit of applied strategies, of which we highlight the functional analytical model, will be key factors for the return of behavior analysis to investigate this phenomenon systematically, in both laboratory and social contexts. (bvsalud.org)
Our laboratory is interested in the neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of social behavior development, as well as biological mechanisms underlying social motivation, social learning, and social skill acquisition and generalization. (upenn.edu)
This thesis presents SocioScape, an interactive visualization tool that embodies a methodology for the visual analysis of spatial and temporal group dynamics in social networks. (uic.edu)
The representation is combined with a well-established technique for depicting spatio-temporal data, allowing analysts to investigate the effect of the physical positioning of actors and their movement in the environment on their social behavior. (uic.edu)
A methodology that integrates abstract representation of social interactions with a spatio-temporal visualization to allow analysis of the role of environment in shaping the underlying social structure. (uic.edu)
The skills that we more often think lead to learning--motivation, self-discipline, curiosity--are marvelous and essential to our development--but those are truly sophisticated "behaviors" that bloom only after more basic language and social skills are in place. (tripod.com)
We observed increased social play and other affiliative behavior in the smaller habitat, and we used daily fecal samples (17 to 24 per bear) to examine whether concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a by-product of DNA damage) were correlated with social behavior. (mdpi.com)

Animals don't have the same cognitive complexity as humans, which actually makes it easier to apply ABA directly in therapy sessions. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
Progress in developing effective treatments for disorders may benefit from targeting these cognitive impairments, the success of which is predicated on the development of animal models with validated behavioural assays. (springer.com)
OBX significantly impaired cognitive behavior in a novel object recognition test and a modified Y-maze test and induced depression-like behavior in a tail suspension test. (hindawi.com)
ATL and tacrine treatment attenuated OBX-induced cognitive deficits, whereas ATL and imipramine improved OBX-induced depression-like behavior. (hindawi.com)
In this study, to obtain a better understanding of the potential availability of A. trifoliatus for the treatment of cognitive and emotional dysfunction, we elucidated the antidementia and antidepressive effects of A. trifoliatus using an animal model of olfaction deficits. (hindawi.com)
The research within the group can roughly be divided into geometric computer vision, cognitive vision and medical image analysis. (lu.se)

What is calcium imaging, and how can you this technique to get a better understanding of complex rodent behavior? (noldus.com)

Further, the approach often seeks to develop socially acceptable alternatives for aberrant behaviors. (wikipedia.org)
Applied behavior analysis (ABA): The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior. (psychcentral.com)
ABA as a science is focused on developing a greater understanding of socially significant behaviors. (psychcentral.com)
ABA is a science that focuses on socially significant behaviors. (psychcentral.com)

1735 senting the AVMA Committee on the Human-Animal Bond. (cdc.gov)

Ayllon and Michael were training the staff at a psychiatric hospital how to use a token economy based on the principles of operant conditioning for patients with schizophrenia and intellectual disability, which led to researchers at the University of Kansas to start the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) in 1968. (wikipedia.org)
In 1968, Baer, Bijou, Risley, Birnbrauer, Wolf, and James Sherman joined the Department of Human Development and Family Life at the University of Kansas, where they founded the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. (wikipedia.org)

allows researchers to conduct all analyses from data import and cleaning through CANAPE within R, thereby averting the need to manually import and export data and analysis results between programs. (biorxiv.org)
Haplotyping is imperative for comprehensive analysis of genomes, imputation of genetic variants and interpretation of error-prone single-cell genomic data. (biorxiv.org)
With 15 years of data, including annual radiographs, bloodwork, and handler surveys (health, performance, and behavior), the opportunity for in-depth analysis and discovery of new best practices and protocols for SAR dogs has never been greater. (akcchf.org)
The investigators will explore three key areas of data: behavior, occupational hazards, and longevity related to health and work. (akcchf.org)
Embrace DEI data in applied behavior analysis and improve patient care for all. (aapc.com)
The new study provided a comprehensive analysis of data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). (cdc.gov)
A mathematical retention model has been developed be developed in these animals based upon available to predict the lung burden and size distribution of ka- data. (cdc.gov)
however, data pertaining to the exact efficacy of this intervention remains limited to observational and animal data. (medscape.com)
The aim is to explore challenges and opportunities in a) coding/annotation, b) analysis, and c) data management of human and animal behavior. (lu.se)
I have developed several software tools for the interactive analysis of these large data sets. (lu.se)
Animal rabies testing data was obtained from official and unofficial rabies surveillance platforms from 2010 to 2019 and supplemented with official country reports and published literature. (cdc.gov)
There were 113 countries that reported surveillance data eligible for analysis. (cdc.gov)

Genetic and genomic analyses might be able. (awionline.org)

Spontaneous hemodynamic signals reflect a combination of behavior, local neural activity, and putatively non-neural processes. (nature.com)

Applied animal behavior analysis follows the basic system of operant conditioning, which is broken down into reinforcement and punishment. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)

It incorporates basic principles and attitudes of science including using experimentation to show causality between an event and a behavior. (psychcentral.com)

[ 2 ] An additional meta-analysis involving PEP in non-human primates demonstrated a significant association between earlier timing of PEP and reduced seroconversion rates. (medscape.com)

Positive reinforcement rewards correct behavior, like giving a treat after the animal obeys a verbal command, while negative reinforcement allows the animal to escape a noxious stimulus by exhibiting the desired behavior. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
Behavior analysis dates back at least to Skinner, who performed animal experiments showing that food rewards lead to behavior changes (learning). (tripod.com)

Human patients are typically the focus for students and practitioners of ABA, but the skills and principles are actually just as relevant in the field of animal behavior. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
A group of researchers at the University of Washington, including Donald Baer, Sidney W. Bijou, Bill Hopkins, Jay Birnbrauer, Todd Risley, and Montrose Wolf, applied the principles of behavior analysis to manage the behavior of children and adolescents in juvenile detention centers and organize employees who required proper structure and management in businesses. (wikipedia.org)

CatWalk XT is a complete gait analysis system for quantitative assessment of footfalls and locomotion in rats and mice. (noldus.com)

An introduction to the scientific study of the nervous system and its relation to behavior. (bradley.edu)

These experiments allowed them to reproduce the echoes that a bat receives during its flight and understand how the bat uses these inputs to control its behavior, see obstacles, and accordingly navigate its environment. (eurekalert.org)

This is the 5th volume of selected discussions that took place on the electronic Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum between February 2016 and December 2019. (awionline.org)

Male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were subjected to the variable foraging demand (VFD) early stress paradigm as infants, MRI scans were completed an average of 4 years later, and behavioral assessments of anxiety and ex-vivo corpus callosum (CC) measurements were made when animals were fully matured. (nih.gov)

Because the ecologic factors that are driving the emergence of M. ulcerans infection in newly disease-endemic countries are unknown, the most effective means of reducing the incidence of BU may be to identify modifiable behavior associated with the risk for infection. (cdc.gov)
splash pads are not typically regulated, and thus not inspected, Two affected persons visited animal exhibits, and all three the capacity to identify factors contributing to outbreaks entered the splash pad. (cdc.gov)

We previously demonstrated that male mice with carcinogen-induced oral SCC exhibit less nociceptive behavior and a higher concentration of neutrophils in the cancer microenvironment compared to female mice with oral SCC. (frontiersin.org)
In an oral cancer supernatant mouse model, rG-CSF treatment increased cancer-recruited Ly6G + neutrophil infiltration and abolished orofacial nociceptive behavior evoked in response to oral cancer supernatant in both male and female mice. (frontiersin.org)
Saline-treated male mice with HSC-3 tumors exhibited less oral cancer-induced nociceptive behavior and had more β-endorphin protein in the cancer microenvironment than saline-treated female mice with HSC-3 tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Chronic rG-CSF treatment (2.5 μg/mouse, every 72 h) increased the HSC-3 recruited Ly6G + neutrophils, increased β-endorphin protein content in the tongue and attenuated nociceptive behavior in female mice with HSC-3 tumors. (frontiersin.org)

The BS degree in Psychology allows students to focus on specific areas in the science and study of behavior and mental processes. (plymouth.edu)

As a Plymouth State psychology major you will engage in wide-ranging study of the mind, brain, and behavior, exploring why people act and think the way they do as you gain an extensive understanding of this fascinating field. (plymouth.edu)

When working with human patients, analysts start the process of behavior modification by breaking down the problem into simple components. (appliedbehavioranalysisprograms.com)
The name applied behavior analysis has replaced behavior modification because the latter approach suggested attempting to change behavior without clarifying the relevant behavior-environment interactions. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms7

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology144

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena27

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science11

Named Groups5

Health Care30

Geographicals1

Teaching Behavior Analysis1

Science of behavior3

Autism4

Verbal behavior3

Pentobarbital poisoning wer2

Conceptual1

Organizational Behavior1

Quantification1

Physiology2

Experimental6

Practice3

Changes in behavior2

Welfare15

Nonhuman primates2

Behaviour5

Methods7

Biology5

Crucial2

Populations2

Statistical1

Occur4

Environmental5

Psychological7

Quantitative analysis1

Stimuli2

Species3

Caretakers4

Cognition1

Evolutionary3

Humans and animals1

Social7

Cognitive6

Rodent1

Socially4

Human-Animal Bond1

19682

Data12

Genetic1

Neural1

Operant1

Basic principles1

Primates1

Rewards2

Principles2

Gait analysis1

Nervous system1

Experiments1

20191

Anxiety1

Factors2

Mice4

Processes1

Psychology1

Modification2