• Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The liver, gonads, intestines, and skin of these fish contain tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin that can cause death in approximately 60% of persons who ingest it (2). (cdc.gov)
  • 10.4194/TRJFAS19531 Viewed : 1481 - Downloaded : 1415 Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a kind of neurotoxin with great scientific research and medicinal value. (trjfas.org)
  • This mysterious "zombie powder" was a highly potent neurotoxin known as tetrodotoxin, found in various species of animals including the highly poisonous pufferfish. (anomalien.com)
  • Blue ringed octopus make use of a deadly neurotoxin, TTX (tetrodotoxin) which is also found a wide variety of other animals. (marine-omics.net)
  • Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin found mainly in puffer fish and other marine and terrestrial animals. (mdpi.com)
  • Tetrodotoxin is a heat-stable and acid-stable, nonprotein, alkaloid toxin found in many species of the fish family Tetraodontidae (puffer fish) as well as in certain gobies, amphibians, invertebrates, and the blue-ringed octopus ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A presumptive diagnosis of tetrodotoxin poisoning in all three men was based on clinical presentation in the ED and the history of recent consumption of fugu. (cdc.gov)
  • A presumptive diagnosis of Puffer fish (tetrodotoxin) poisoning was made on the basis of history of recent consumption of Puffer fishes (Fugu) and classical clinical presentations. (pakmedinet.com)
  • His research centered on the molecular and functional analysis of bacterial toxins, necessitating careful attention and planning to avoid any accidental exposures to hazardous chemicals, bacteria or viruses, radiation, or toxins like botulism and tetrodotoxin. (greensfelder.com)
  • Tetrodotoxin is one of the most famous natural toxins distributed in marine animals (i.g., pufferfish) and terrestrial amphibians (i.g., newts). (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Samples were collected between 2014 and 2016 and subjected to analysis using HILIC-MS/MS. Results showed the continued presence of toxins in shellfish harvested along the coast of southern England, with the maximum concentration of total TTXs reaching 253 µg/kg. (dspacedirect.org)
  • Problems from marine algae in the region include paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, ciguatera, tetrodotoxin poisoning, fish kills and tainting of fish and shellfish. (worldfishcenter.org)
  • Finally, intra-CeA infusion of tetrodotoxin produced thermal hyperalgesia in unstressed rats and blocked the anti-hyperalgesic effect of systemic CRFR1 antagonist in stressed rats. (nature.com)
  • Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails), it is actually produced by certain infecting or symbiotic bacteria like Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio as well as other species found in animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • presence of TTX-producing bacteria within a metazoan's microbiome is determined by culture methods, the presence of the toxin by chemical analysis, and the association of the bacteria with TTX production by toxicity assay of media in which suspected bacteria are grown. (wikipedia.org)
  • I have newly proposed biosynthetic pathways of terrestrial tetrodotoxin by discovering a number of tetrodotoxin analogues and putative biosynthetic intermediates in toxic newts. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • We aim to elucidate the origin and biosynthesis of terrestrial tetrodotoxin by combining chemical analysis and (meta)genomic analysis. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Overall, this analysis reveals differences in = 9, 0.001, paired 0.001) in neurons from wild-type animals (Fig. 3, and in Fig. 3= 6, 0.05, paired = 0.69). (vittori-lab.com)
  • Tetrodotoxin is heat-stable and blocks sodium conductance and neuronal transmission in skeletal muscles. (cdc.gov)
  • On June 13, 2014, two patients went to the Hennepin County Medical Center Emergency Department in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with symptoms suggestive of tetrodotoxin poisoning (i.e., oral paresthesias, weakness, and dyspnea) after consuming dried puffer fish (also known as globefish) purchased during a recent visit to New York City. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic analysis identified the product as puffer fish ( Lagocephalus lunaris ) and chemical analysis determined it was contaminated with high levels of tetrodotoxin. (cdc.gov)
  • On April 29, 1996, three cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning occurred among chefs in California who shared contaminated fugu (puffer fish) brought from Japan by a co-worker as a prepackaged, ready-to-eat product. (cdc.gov)
  • Puffer fish poisoning: A clinical analysis. (pakmedinet.com)
  • Puffer fish has caused tetrodotoxin poisonings, according to the USP. (meatpoultry.com)
  • As would be expected from previous studies, tetrodotoxin potently blocked the parasympathetic responses in the airways of each species. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • However, due to the subjectivity of behavioral analysis and differences between species, there is a limit to appropriate nervous system toxicity assessment, therefore a new neurotoxicity assessment that can simulate the human central nervous system is required. (ijstemcell.com)
  • This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). (cdc.gov)
  • It was identified as Bacillus cereus based on physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene analysis. (trjfas.org)
  • Gene expression analysis showed that that NaV 1.7 was virtually the only tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV1 gene expressed in guinea pig and human airway parasympathetic ganglia, where mouse ganglia expressed NaV1.1, 1.3, and 1.7. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The approach involved three phases: identification, characterization and analysis. (storkxx.com)
  • Pharmacological analysis of nicotinic relaxation of bovine retractor penis muscle. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We combined this information with a pharmacological analysis of selective NaV blockers on parasympathetic contractions of isolated airway smooth muscle. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Currently, safety pharmacological tests for the central nervous system depend on animal behavioral analysis. (ijstemcell.com)
  • The remaining fugu was obtained for toxin analysis at FDA. (cdc.gov)
  • My research is based on screening and identifying new natural compounds with chemical analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR. (tohoku.ac.jp)
  • Although Davis did not believe in voodoo or magic, he claimed to have infiltrated the secretive ranks of various voodoo priests (known as "bokors" or "houngan"), obtaining samples of various "zombie powders" for chemical analysis. (anomalien.com)
  • When electrical activity is blocked in vivo by tetrodotoxin leading to a high spine density in Purkinje cell proximal dendrites, stimulation of Eph receptor activation recapitulates the spine repressive effects of climbing fibres. (123dok.org)
  • The present work contains an analysis of voltage-dependent Na+-, Ca2+- and K+-channels in brain tumor cells of different origin. (logos-verlag.de)
  • The specific inhibitor tetrodotoxin blocked the Na+- currents by at least 85% in all tumor cells. (logos-verlag.de)
  • PCR analysis and specific that the most likely cause of death was Erysipelothrix rhu- immunohistochemistry revealing a high prevalence of siopathiae infection. (cdc.gov)
  • FUNDING: No specific funding was awarded for this meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetrodotoxin exerts its effects by blocking voltage-activated sodium channels, terminating nerve conduction and muscle action potentials, leading to progressive paralysis and, in extreme cases, to death from respiratory failure. (cdc.gov)
  • expression of IKNa channels (Slick/Slack) was confirmed by transcript analysis and Western blot. (unimib.it)
  • Histological sections of the spinotrapezius muscle and lung were prepared, and plasma was sampled from each rat for multiplex analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • SCN2 Na + channel was observed in both cones and rods by single-cell RT-PCR analysis, suggesting that human photoreceptors express the SCN2 Na + channel. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • The Minnesota Department of Health conducted an investigation to determine the source of the product and samples were sent to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition for chemical and genetic analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetrodotoxin, a Potential Drug for Neuropathic and Cancer Pain Relief? (mdpi.com)
  • The Consortiums analyses provide valuable insights into the global distribution and transmission patterns of drug-resistant Typhi. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetrodotoxin: A New Strategy to Treat Visceral Pain? (mdpi.com)
  • The present study is usually a cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of SE genes, defined as em DRB1*01 /em or em DRB1*04 /em , in relation to anti-CCP antibodies, antikeratin antibody (AKA) and RF in individuals who developed RA. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • All recordings were performed in the continued presence of bicuculline (30 M), strychnine (30 M), tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.5 M), and barium (0.2 mM). (vittori-lab.com)
  • EuroProxima Aflatoxin B1 sensitive is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 in cereals, nuts, feed, infant food, liver, red pepper and serum. (r-biopharm.com)
  • The committee has also published an opinion on the analysis program for phycotoxins (marine bioxtoxins) in food. (hartdesign.com)
  • The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (123dok.org)
  • This goal will be served by integration and analysis of satellite datasets relevant to the physical oceanography of this upwelling region, including some which have not been used to study its dynamics. (whoi.edu)
  • The analysis showed great genetic diversity of the different strains between countries and regions. (cdc.gov)
  • METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. (cdc.gov)
  • Correct implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and an adequate Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan remains essential. (hartdesign.com)