AnatomyDiseasesPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Basal Ganglia HemorrhageBasal GangliaCerebral HemorrhageIntracranial HemorrhagesAnisocoriaSubarachnoid HemorrhageRetinal HemorrhageEncyclopedias as TopicHemorrhageMedlinePlusBrain DiseasesBrainSpeechGross Domestic ProductThinkingNational Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Intracranial hemorrhageThalamusCerebellumCause of hemorrhageAngiopathyRight basal gangliaHemorrhagicVentricular systemPonsBrain parenchymaIntraventricularCerebellarInfarctsHypertensionStrokeIntraparenchymalVenousHypertensive hemorrhageRenal cell carcDepositionRuptureStrokesFocalArteriesEtiologyIntracerebral hemorrhagesOccurAcuteHippocampusAccumulatesFindingsAbnormalitiesSymptomsIschemiaCognitionLacunarLocalizationSenileEpiduralRecurrent
Intracranial hemorrhage10
  • Through the years, intracerebral hemorrhage has also been termed "cerebral hemorrhage," "intracranial hemorrhage," "hemorrhagic stroke," and "cerebral bleed. (medlink.com)
  • Intracranial hemorrhage refers to any bleeding within the cranial vault, including subdural and epidural hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medlink.com)
  • Noncontrast CT is the first-line imaging of acute stroke symptoms to assess for intracranial hemorrhage and evidence of edema related to ischemia. (aneskey.com)
  • Noncontrast head CT is the preferred imaging study for evaluation of acute stroke symptoms because of widespread availability, rapid scan times, and ease of detecting intracranial hemorrhage. (aneskey.com)
  • Acute intracranial hemorrhage. (aneskey.com)
  • Nontraumatic (or spontaneous) intracranial hemorrhage most commonly involves the brain parenchyma and subarachnoid space. (radiologykey.com)
  • Important causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage include hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, aneurysms, vascular malformations, and hemorrhagic infarcts (both venous and arterial). (radiologykey.com)
  • Imaging findings in common and less common causes of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage are reviewed. (radiologykey.com)
  • Spontaneous or nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 10% to 15% of strokes in the United States. (radiologykey.com)
  • The level of this lecture is appropriate for medical students, junior residents, and trainees in other specialties who have an interest in neuroradiology or may see patients with intracranial hemorrhage or stroke. (learnneuroradiology.com)
Thalamus1
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to assess regional volumes of brain IDs in basal ganglia, brainstem, white matter, thalamus, and cortex/border with the corticomedullary junction, using a fully automatic assessment procedure followed by individual checking/correction where necessary. (springer.com)
Cerebellum1
Cause of hemorrhage1
  • In hypertension, the cause of hemorrhage is thought to be elevated blood pressure-induced degenerative changes in the penetrating arterioles leading to rupture [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
Angiopathy9
  • In the elderly population, amyloid angiopathy is associated with cerebral infarcts as well as hemorrhage in superficial locations, rather than deep white matter or basal ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common causes of primary ICH, but the mechanism of hemorrhage in both conditions is unclear. (nature.com)
  • In primary ICH, hypertension is thought to be the underlying cause in 65% of cases, followed by cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). (nature.com)
  • Lobar intracerebral hemorrhages (hematomas in the cerebral lobes, outside the basal ganglia) usually result from angiopathy due to amyloid deposition in cerebral arteries (cerebral amyloid angiopathy), which affects primarily older people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amyloid angiopathy is another pathologic finding in the AD spectrum, in which Aβ accumulates in the media of small arteries. (medscape.com)
  • Amyloid angiopathy can be identified using stains for amyloidal protein (Congo red, thioflavin-S), or immunohistochemical staining against Aβ (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Although amyloid angiopathy has been associated with lobar hemorrhages, it is not a strong predictor of cognitive status. (medscape.com)
  • Many studies suggested that deep CMBs may relate to hypertensive small vessel disease (HTN-SVD) and strictly lobar CMBs for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), 1 but the risk factors of CMBs are not entirely clear. (dovepress.com)
  • Hemorrhage, Intracerebral, also known as intracerebral hemorrhage, is related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, app-related and porencephaly, and has symptoms including angina pectoris, back pain and chest pain. (silexon.tech)
Right basal ganglia2
Hemorrhagic4
  • Other causes of intraparenchymal hemorrhage include hemorrhagic transformation of infarction which is usually in a classic vascular distribution and is seen in approximately 24 to 48 hours following the ischemic event. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hemorrhagic infarctions comprise most of the remainder of strokes with a smaller number due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Noncontrast head CT shows hyperintense acute hypertensive hemorrhagic in the left basal ganglia ( arrow ) with local mass effect on the lateral ventricle. (aneskey.com)
  • In the setting of acute ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation, MR with diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging is often key to making a diagnosis that could be missed on a noncontrast CT alone, and even on a CT that includes CTA and CTP, depending on the site and size of the infarct that underlies the hemorrhage. (radiologykey.com)
Ventricular system2
Pons1
  • compressing the brain stem and often causing secondary hemorrhages in the midbrain and pons. (msdmanuals.com)
Brain parenchyma4
  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is one form of intracerebral bleeding in which there is bleeding within brain parenchyma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage refers specifically to bleeding within the brain parenchyma. (medlink.com)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage is focal bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain parenchyma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MR with gradient-recalled echo (GRE) imaging is sensitive to acute hemorrhage, but MR (often with MR angiography [MRA], MR venography [MRV], and/or MR perfusion) is usually performed following CT to assess the cause of a known hemorrhage and to evaluate its effect on the rest of the brain parenchyma. (radiologykey.com)
Intraventricular1
Cerebellar1
  • These areas are the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, several basal and thalamic nuclei, and the cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells. (vin.com)
Infarcts2
Hypertension4
  • The most common cause of basal ganglia is hypertension. (medlink.com)
  • The most common location for hemorrhage due to hypertension is the putamen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Use of cocaine or, occasionally, other sympathomimetic drugs or medications can cause transient severe hypertension leading to hemorrhage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chronic arterial hypertension leads to formation of microaneurysms (Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms) in small perforating arteries, which may rupture and cause intracerebral hemorrhage. (msdmanuals.com)
Stroke4
  • It is more likely to result in death or major disability than ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and therefore constitutes an immediate medical emergency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) scans are used to exclude hemorrhage, evaluate for early brain injury, and exclude stroke mimics. (aneskey.com)
  • Artificial intelligence applications assist in acute stroke imaging assessment, identifying acute hemorrhage, and predicting risk of endovascular intervention in acute large vessel occlusion. (aneskey.com)
  • There are an increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI) applications that may assist in the acute stroke imaging assessment, to identify acute hemorrhage, and to predict risk of endovascular intervention in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). (aneskey.com)
Intraparenchymal2
  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 8-13% of all strokes and results from a wide spectrum of disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only a small amount of vasogenic edema ( arrows ) is seen around this acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage. (radiologykey.com)
Venous2
Hypertensive hemorrhage2
  • First described as the source of bleeding in hypertensive hemorrhage, they are also one of the CAA-associated microangiopathies along with fibrinoid necrosis, fibrosis and "lumen within a lumen appearance. (nature.com)
  • They were first described by Charcot and Bouchard in 1868 as a cause of hypertensive hemorrhage when they rupture [ 18 , 19 ]. (nature.com)
Renal cell carc2
  • Glioblastomas are the most common primary malignancies to hemorrhage while thyroid, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lung cancer are the most common causes of hemorrhage from metastatic disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common causes of metastatic intracerebral hemorrhage include melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and choriocarcinoma. (msdmanuals.com)
Deposition1
  • Congo red staining of a small cortical artery at 400× magnification demonstrates salmon-colored amyloid deposition in the media of the vessel. (medscape.com)
Rupture1
  • 3 The causes of strokes can be divided into two basic groups: (1) obstruction of the blood vessels leading to ischemia, and (2) rupture of blood vessel walls leading to hemorrhage. (vin.com)
Strokes2
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for ~10-15% of strokes in the West and 20-30% of strokes in Asia, with two million cases per year worldwide [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • Basal ganglia hemorrhage is one of the most severe strokes. (medlink.com)
Focal1
  • intracranial extracerebral hemorrhage more typically presents with headache and alteration in the level of consciousness, although focal neurologic deficits may also be present, notably as a consequence of tissue shift and brain herniation. (radiologykey.com)
Arteries1
  • Despite the well-known risk factors, the pathogenesis of ICH is unclear, and the site of bleeding has rarely been demonstrated histologically due to the difficulty in examining tissue destroyed by hemorrhage as well as secondary bleeding caused by the disruption of surrounding arteries [ 12 , 13 ]. (nature.com)
Etiology1
  • Only one of the 12 subjects with CBAs had a large ICH, and the etiology underlying the hemorrhage was likely multifactorial. (nature.com)
Intracerebral hemorrhages2
  • Intracerebral hemorrhages and accompanying edema may disrupt or compress adjacent brain tissue, leading to neurological dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhages is a severe condition requiring prompt medical attention. (wikipedia.org)
Occur2
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage may also occur in other parts of the brain stem or in the midbrain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 7 Nodular white matter lesions are seen on imaging and most ischaemic changes occur in the basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and temporal lobes, 1 , 8 and a family with spinal cord lesions in the presence of a novel NOTCH 3 mutation has been described. (bmj.com)
Acute1
  • in addition, MR is sensitive to both acute and chronic hemorrhage, whereas CT is most sensitive to acute blood products. (radiologykey.com)
Hippocampus1
  • These RAS peptides are present in astrocytes, glial cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons of various areas of the brain [ 14 , 15 ] such as the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Accumulates1
  • Blood from an intracerebral hemorrhage accumulates as a mass that can dissect through and compress adjacent brain tissues, causing neuronal dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Findings1
  • AD is characterized diagnostically by two histologic findings: (1) extracellular amorphus eosinophilic deposits of amyloid consisting of Aβ peptides (a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein [APP]), which are referred to as amyloid plaques, and (2) intraneuronal aggregates of abnormally modified microtubule-associated protein tau (neurofibrillary tangles) (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Abnormalities1
  • Central nervous system imaging with computer-assisted tomography or MRI demonstrate generalized cerebral atrophy and abnormalities in the basal ganglia. (forexsignalx.com)
Symptoms1
  • The effects of small vessel disease and amyloid burden on neuropsychiatric symptoms: a study among patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairments. (gov.gy)
Ischemia1
  • Their article sparked controversy in the literature, prompting others to point out that such patients were at risk of hemorrhage and ischemia, and, thus, the syndrome was not necessarily "reversible. (medlink.com)
Cognition1
  • Effects of cerebrovascular disease and amyloid beta burden on cognition in subjects with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment. (gov.gy)
Lacunar1
  • The small hemorrhages may resemble lacunar infarctions, whereas the large ones may present as coma. (medlink.com)
Localization1
  • The advent of head CT and brain MRI have greatly improved the detection, localization, and characterization of brain hemorrhages. (medlink.com)
Senile1
  • Amyloid plaques are sometimes referred to as "senile plaques" in older literature because of their long association with dementia. (medscape.com)
Epidural2
  • Epidural anaesthesia is the m ost efficient way of relieving the ache of childbirth, and provides com plete relief of contraction pain in 95% of labouring wom en. (dnahelix.com)
  • The disadvantages of epidural anaesthesia are that a few wom en com plain of dizziness or shivering, and that it m ay increase the length of the second stage and result in a rise in operative vaginal deliveries. (dnahelix.com)
Recurrent1