Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Nitric AcidAmmoniaSpectrophotometry, AtomicNeodymiumDecalcification TechniqueHydrofluoric AcidSulfuric AcidsTrace ElementsHydrochloric AcidNitratesMicrowavesCalibrationEnvironmental Monitoring
Ammonium nitrateOxideHydrofluoric acidNitrateHydrochloricHydrogenUses Of Nitric AcidStrong acidsMethanolConcentrations of nitric acidSolubleChlorineAnhydrousCompoundsAmino acidsForm of ammoniaReactsEmissionsSulfurSynthesisNitrogen oxidesDiluteMucous membranesCorrosiveConverted to ureaSulfuric acidFertiliserAqueous solutionDepositionAtmosphericAlbuminoidFertilizerChemicalsVapourChlorideLiquidSulphuricProductionToxicToxicityInhalationPulmonary oedemaConcentrationAlkaliInorganicOxidationWaterFertilizersCarbonAerosolSubstantialCatalystComplexLaboratory
Ammonium nitrate12
  • ammonium (NH 4 +) will either be transformed to ammonia (NH 3 ) and extracted together with nitric acid (HNO 3 ), or recovered as ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) solids. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • Under the terms of the agreement, Black & Veatch is granted a global license to engineer and build chemical (i.e. methanol and melamine) and fertilizer (i.e. ammonia, urea, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate, superphosphates and complex fertilizers) plants that use Casale technologies. (bv.com)
  • Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is a salt of ammonia and nitric acid that is highly soluble in water. (gardenguides.com)
  • In conclusion, the precision of the denuder systems for the acidifying compounds such as ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous acid, ammonium nitrate and sulphur dioxide was 5% or better, which allows the mea surement of atmosphere surface exchange fluxes by the gradient method. (europa.eu)
  • The Company intends to continue to produce ammonium nitrate (AN) fertiliser and nitric acid at the Billingham site using imported ammonia, as it has for the last 10 months following its decision to temporarily idle the plant in August 2022. (cfindustries.com)
  • The Company believes that ample global availability of ammonia for import, including from CF Industries' North American production network, will enable more cost-competitive and efficient production and sales of ammonium nitrate fertiliser and nitric acid for its U.K. agriculture and chemicals customers moving forward. (cfindustries.com)
  • Based upon application, global concentrated nitric acid is classified into ammonium nitrate, adipic acid, nitrobenzene, toluene diisocyanate and others. (medgadget.com)
  • Start-up of product upgrade plants (urea, nitric acid, urea ammonium nitrate) will follow. (cfindustries.com)
  • Nitric acid has a wide range of industrial applications, although it's primarily used in the manufacture of fertilisers as a precursor to ammonium nitrate. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • Nitric acid is primarily used to produce ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), a key component in fertiliser production. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • Ammonium nitrate is a salt product that's produced by the neutralisation reaction between ammonia and nitric acid. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • TRU undertook a bankable feasibility study on the viability of a $700 million coal-based synthesis gasification gas plant to produce gas suitable for the production of ammonia and the upgrading of existing facilities for the production of nitric acid and ammonium nitrate fertilizer. (trugroup.com)
Oxide20
  • Nutrakey's pure Citrulline provides a 2000mg dose which supports muscular detoxification, enhances nitric oxide levels, boosts endurance, and leads to decreased recovery times. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Citrulline is an amino acid used to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production and for the detoxification of ammonia levels. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Nitric oxide is responsible for dilating blood vessels which transports fresh nutrients and oxygen to working muscle while allowing toxins to be removed. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Citrulline also provides a readily available substrate for arginine production, which is used for the production of nitric oxide. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Nitric oxide is formed by one nitrogen and one oxygen atom. (helsinki.fi)
  • A compound of nitrogen, nitric oxide Link titleis an essential component in the body's metabolism process. (copperwiki.org)
  • Nitric oxide takes the role of a vital body messenger for relaxing muscles. (copperwiki.org)
  • This model product provides source code, input data files, and example model outputs for a new mechanistic soil nitrogen (N) module in-line with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model 5.1 to simulate nitric oxide (NO), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) soil emissions. (ornl.gov)
  • A solution which absorbs nitric oxide. (byjus.com)
  • The mechanisms leading to these severe brain lesions are still not well understood, but recent studies show that ammonium exposure alters several amino acid pathways and neurotransmitter systems, cerebral energy metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Further, several potential neuroprotective strategies have been put forward recently, including the use of NMDA receptor antagonists, nitric oxide inhibitors, creatine, acetyl-L-carnitine, CNTF or inhibitors of MAPKs and glutamine synthetase. (nih.gov)
  • The marker variables, Ellenberg Nitrogen Index, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes and foliar nitrogen, were used to define the impacts of NH3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nitric Oxide (2022 Apr 1) 121:1-10. (nih.gov)
  • Potential roles of nitrate and nitrite in nitric oxide metabolism in the eye. (nih.gov)
  • Nitric Oxide (2020 Jan 1) 94:1-8. (nih.gov)
  • Nitric Oxide (2015 May 1) 47:10-16. (nih.gov)
  • Nitric Oxide (2017 Jun 1) 66:10-16. (nih.gov)
  • Correction: Nitrate Reduction to Nitrite, Nitric Oxide and Ammonia by Gut Bacteria under Physiological Conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers believe that this polymorphism in the CPS1 gene may reduce the production of a compound called nitric oxide (NO). Normally, nitric oxide causes blood vessels to expand (dilate), which reduces blood pressure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A reduced amount of nitric oxide could lead to circulatory problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Hydrofluoric acid5
  • Records indicated occupational overexposure to hydrogen- chloride (7647010) and chlorine (7782505) gas and the sporadic release of hydrofluoric-acid (7664393). (cdc.gov)
  • Under the terms of the contract, KBR will provide basic engineering and design (BED) services for its K-SAATTM technology and the opportunity to utilize the technology to revamp the existing Hydrofluoric acid (HF) alkylation unit at the Wynnewood Refinery. (euro-petrole.com)
  • Chemical injuries are commonly encountered following exposure to acids and alkali, including hydrofluoric acid (HF), formic acid, anhydrous ammonia, cement, and phenol. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrofluoric acid, however, is an exception to this rule: it is a weak acid that rapidly crosses the cell membrane as it remains nonionized. (medscape.com)
  • In this way, hydrofluoric acid acts as an alkali, causing liquefactive necrosis. (medscape.com)
Nitrate9
  • With calcium cyanamide and calcium nitrate (made from nitric acid), Lonza commercialised formulated fertilisers starting in the 1930s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Casale, the Swiss global leader in ammonia, urea, methanol, melamine, nitric acid, nitrate and phosphate technologies is, since 1921, a global provider of integrated solutions for the production of fertilizers and chemicals from syngas. (bv.com)
  • Corresponding improvement is definitely needed, since vertical fluxes of gaseous and particulate nitrate and ammonia could be strongly interrelated. (europa.eu)
  • Then, using a separate process developed by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1902, the ammonia could be converted to nitric acid (HNO3), which can in turn be used to produce nitrate compounds. (mentalfloss.com)
  • Conversely, the CNA plant will be based on Plinke's MAGNAC process in which a high concentration of nitric acid is achieved by extractive rectification using a magnesium nitrate solution. (medgadget.com)
  • Then 3mL of lanthanum nitrate solution (5mg/L) was added to the mixture, and brewed with ammonia until lanthanum hydroxide appeared, when a further 2mL lanthanum nitrate solution was added. (medscape.com)
  • Wet N deposition is predicted to increase as a result of increased precipitation, while dry N deposition is predicted to increase as higher surface temperatures favor gas-phase nitric acid to particulate nitrate. (harvard.edu)
  • According to some estimates, around 80% of industrially-produced nitric acid is used to manufacture nitrate-based fertilisers. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • Selina chemistry textbook chapter 10 basically captures the essence of this topic and students mainly learn about the laboratory method of preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate in this chapter. (byjus.com)
Hydrochloric2
Hydrogen8
  • In addition to an electrolysis plant capable of making 5800 m3 hydrogen per hour, came metaldehyde, ammonia and ketene. (wikipedia.org)
  • With our employees focused on safe and reliable operations, environmental stewardship, and disciplined capital and corporate management, we are on a path to decarbonize our ammonia production network - the world's largest - to enable green and blue hydrogen and nitrogen products for energy, fertilizer, emissions abatement and other industrial activities. (cfindustries.com)
  • By raising the pressure to around 200 atmospheres, boosting the temperature to 450 degrees Celsius, and using iron as a catalyst, Haber was able to trigger a reaction in which one molecule of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) split and recombined with three molecules of atmospheric hydrogen (3 H2) to form two molecules of ammonia (2 NH3). (mentalfloss.com)
  • Nitric acid has nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in it. (windows2universe.org)
  • Ammonia molecules (NH3) have hydrogen and nitrogen atoms in them. (windows2universe.org)
  • CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: CF), a leading global manufacturer of hydrogen and nitrogen products, today announced that it has begun restarting its ammonia plants at the Donaldsonville Complex in Louisiana. (cfindustries.com)
  • Nitric acid does not liberate hydrogen. (byjus.com)
  • If you need Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Urea, Hydrogen, Methanol or any other Process Complete Plant, our strategic positioning can help you fill your need. (lcec.com)
Uses Of Nitric Acid2
Strong acids3
  • Unlike traditional refinery alkylation technologies that utilize strong acids, K-SAATTM produces alkylates by combining light olefins and isobutane using a solid catalyst that provides yield and operating cost benefits by avoiding complex acid handling and cooling cost. (euro-petrole.com)
  • Nitric acid is dangerous because, just like other strong acids , it's highly corrosive. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • It can react violently with strong acids and with water. (tn.gov)
Methanol1
  • Casale is an engineering leader in chemical, petrochemical, fertilizer and other industrial plants and has extensive proprietary technology for the production of ammonia, urea, methanol, melamine and nitric acid, among other products. (bv.com)
Concentrations of nitric acid2
  • Substantial concentrations of nitric acid were found in two of the California sites as well as many sites in the northeastern portion of the United States. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic exposure to high concentrations of nitric acid vapour may cause pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema which may be fatal. (medgadget.com)
Soluble3
  • However, it is slightly soluble in dilute Nitric Acid. (inwin-style.com)
  • It is insoluble in water, slightly amphiphilic, hardly soluble in strong alkalis, but soluble in acids and ammonium salt solutions. (mis-asia.com)
  • Category 1 study criteria not met R41 study criteria not met Imidazole 288-32-4 Heterocyclic Compound 100% 99% 10.3 soluble (633 g/L) Category 1 Category I R41 study criteria not met Cyclohexyl isocyanate 3173-53-3 Isocyanate 100% Technical Grade n.a. insoluble Category 1 Category I R41 study criteria not met alpha-Ketoglutaric acid alpha 328-50-7 Acid (organic) [carboxylic acid] n.a. n.a. (nih.gov)
Chlorine2
  • To test the device, the researchers chose 19 representative examples of toxic industrial chemicals-such as ammonia, chlorine, nitric acid and sulfur dioxide-at concentrations known to be immediately dangerous to life or health. (nih.gov)
  • The writer would suggest that if time does not permit a complete examination, the analysis for albuminoid ammonia and chlorine and the testing for poisonous metals may be very quickly accomplished, and that much dependence may be placed in the results. (nih.gov)
Anhydrous1
  • 2000. Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. (cdc.gov)
Compounds3
  • The author describes the history, the importance, and the methods of manufacture of nitric acid, demonstrating how one set of chemical compounds has affected political and economic change and has for centuries stimulated the ingenuity of the scientific community. (mit.edu)
  • It discusses the natural sources for nitrogen compounds and how science responded to a diminishing or inaccessible supply by synthesizing the chemical components necessary to manufacture nitric acid. (mit.edu)
  • Nitric acid is one of the most important compounds that is used in the manufacture of many industrial as well as commercial products. (byjus.com)
Amino acids3
  • Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • International surveys found that two-thirds of 3,887 adult and adolescent elite track and field athletes participating in world-championship competitions took one or more dietary supplements containing such ingredients as vitamins, minerals, creatine, caffeine, and amino acids [ 4 ]. (nih.gov)
  • A survey of 106,698 U.S. military personnel in 2007-2008 found that 22.8% of the men and 5.3% of the women reported using bodybuilding supplements, such as creatine and amino acids, and 40.5% of the men and 35.5% of the women reported using energy supplements that might contain caffeine and/or energy-enhancing herbs [ 8 ]. (nih.gov)
Form of ammonia2
  • Excreting the excess nitrogen prevents it from accumulating in the form of ammonia, which is toxic. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE . (nih.gov)
Reacts2
  • The acid then reacts with the cellulose, creating a protective layer that prevents moisture from infiltrating the wood. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • In what way is dilute nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals? (byjus.com)
Emissions3
  • 1987. Ammonia emissions and their role in acid deposition. (cdc.gov)
  • Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial ammonia emissions at this site. (bvsalud.org)
  • An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of N2O and NO give broad indications of impacts of ammonia emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners. (bvsalud.org)
Sulfur1
  • 1979. A model for the reversible washout of sulfur dioxide, ammonia and carbon dioxide from a polluted atmosphere and the production of sulfates in raindrops. (cdc.gov)
Synthesis2
  • TRU Group engineered synthesis gas production and purification including shifting, acid gas removal and any other required processes. (trugroup.com)
  • Also determined requirement and design for capacity enhancement of the air separation, ammonia synthesis, nitric acid and new urea fertilizer facility for urea granules. (trugroup.com)
Nitrogen oxides2
  • In the first set of experiments, they mixed the nitrogen oxides with ammonia. (helsinki.fi)
  • When the researches switched on the lights inside the chamber, nitric acid was formed from the nitrogen oxides. (helsinki.fi)
Dilute3
Mucous membranes1
  • Nitric acid fumes can also damage the eyes and mucous membranes in the respiratory tract. (chemicals.co.uk)
Corrosive2
  • K-SAATTM produces an ideal blendstock for increased gasoline octane which is in high demand and does not use corrosive liquid acids. (euro-petrole.com)
  • Concentrated nitric acid is a transparent colorless or yellowish fuming suffocating, hygroscopic, corrosive liquid Attacks almost all metals. (medgadget.com)
Converted to urea1
  • Excess nitrogen is not converted to urea for excretion, and ammonia accumulates in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Sulfuric acid3
  • Acid alum formulations are aluminum sulfate with 1 to 15percent free sulfuric acid. (intuiline.pl)
  • For example, numerous cases of serious permanent injury and, occasionally, death caused by exposure to sulfuric acid drain cleaners have been recorded by the CPSC. (medscape.com)
  • Nitric acid burns result in a yellow eschar, whereas sulfuric acid eschar is black or brown. (medscape.com)
Fertiliser1
Aqueous solution1
  • A freshly prepared saturated solution of ferrous sulphate is added to the aqueous solution of nitric acid. (byjus.com)
Deposition3
  • 1998. Analysis of ammonia and aerosol concentrations and deposition near the free troposphere at Mt. Mitchell, NC, USA. (cdc.gov)
  • 1998. Ammonia: Emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. (cdc.gov)
  • Total tissue N and arginine concentrations were most closely linked with ammonia concentrations and N deposition, with r(2) values of >0.97 and >0.78 respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Atmospheric2
  • Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • After buying the formula from Haber, BASF turned to another chemist, Carl Bosch, to figure out how to begin producing ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen on an industrial scale. (mentalfloss.com)
Albuminoid1
Fertilizer2
  • Executives from BASF immediately grasped the huge potential of the discovery when Haber demonstrated the process for making ammonia them in 1909: aside from the whole munitions issue, the Haber process stood to revolutionize fertilizer manufacturing and make agriculture more productive. (mentalfloss.com)
  • The biggest industrial usage of nitrogen is as a component in the manufacture of ammonia, which is then subsequently used as fertilizer as well as in the production of nitric acid. (copperwiki.org)
Chemicals3
  • KBR Inc. announced that its subsidiary Plinke GmbH is awarded a contract by Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers & Chemicals Limited (GNFC) of India to build a concentrated nitric acid plant (CNA) at Bharuch, Gujarat. (medgadget.com)
  • Hence, the concentrated nitric acid plant (CNA) is processed by the chemical industry into essential intermediate products used in the production of polyurethane, fibers, lacquers and other base and specialty chemicals. (medgadget.com)
  • Nitric acid is one of the most common chemicals found in commercial and school chemistry laboratories. (chemicals.co.uk)
Vapour1
  • Effects of the vapour of ammonia in the treatment of whooping cough. (nih.gov)
Chloride1
  • Organics removal and enhanced coagulation are effective with traditional coagulants like aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric sulfate, as well as formulations like polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and acid alum. (intuiline.pl)
Liquid3
  • Alkylate octane obtained through the K-SAATTM process is higher compared to other liquid and solid acid alkylation processes under a wide range of process conditions. (euro-petrole.com)
  • KBR's K-SAAT process is a highly adaptable technology that produces a more cost effective, higher quality alkylate than conventional liquid acid catalysts or other solid acid catalysts. (euro-petrole.com)
  • The Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent and is toxic liquid that shows off choking red or yellow fumes in moist air. (medgadget.com)
Sulphuric1
  • sulphuric acid is added carefully from the sides of the test tube. (byjus.com)
Production6
  • In 1925, ammonia production was started, with a process licensed from Casale. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1928, ketene production started using acetic acid made by oxidation of acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
  • The book describes the advance of chemical engineering achievement as political conditions increased the need for nitric acid, and it sketches out modern production methods and the newest uses for the compound. (mit.edu)
  • Additionally, shutdowns in recent years of industrial customers' U.K. operations that had consumed significant ammonia volumes for their businesses have created a supply-demand imbalance for ammonia production at the Billingham Complex. (cfindustries.com)
  • During the war the German government frantically scaled up capacity to an awesome 500,000 tons of ammonia per year, although actual production was only about half this. (mentalfloss.com)
  • About 3% of the total production of nitric acid is dedicated to making polymer intermediates, particularly polyamides. (chemicals.co.uk)
Toxic2
  • Ammonia is a toxic byproduct of muscle metabolism which decreases performance. (vitanetonline.com)
  • Ammonia is toxic, especially to the nervous system, so this accumulation causes neurological problems and other signs and symptoms of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Toxicity1
  • 1982. Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in rats with variable exposure periods. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation1
Pulmonary oedema1
Concentration1
  • These more concentrated solutions are known either as red fuming nitric acid (with a concentration of 86% and above) or white fuming nitric acid (above 95% concentration). (chemicals.co.uk)
Alkali2
  • [ 1 ] Ocular burn injuries are classified by etiologic agents as either chemical injuries (eg, those caused by acid or alkali) or radiant energy injuries (eg, those caused by heat, electricity or ultraviolet [UV] radiation). (medscape.com)
  • Alkali substances are lipophilic and penetrate more rapidly than acids. (medscape.com)
Inorganic2
  • Nitric acid is a strong, inorganic mineral acid. (chemicals.co.uk)
  • Both inorganic and organic acids denature the proteins of the skin, resulting in a coagulum, the color of which depends on the acid involved. (medscape.com)
Oxidation1
Water5
Fertilizers1
  • Nitric acid, an indispensable chemical component of gunpowder, some fuels, and many fertilizers, is the factual core of this informative and fascinating account. (mit.edu)
Carbon2
  • The photocatalytic properties of the hybrid were evaluated by the decomposition of Acid Red 18 under simulated solar light irradiation in comparison to the bulk graphitic carbon nitride (GCN). (mdpi.com)
  • CF Fertilisers UK has made this proposal due to its forecast that producing ammonia at Billingham will not be cost-competitive for the long-term compared to importing ammonia due primarily to projected high natural gas prices in the United Kingdom relative to other regions and the impact of carbon costs. (cfindustries.com)
Aerosol1
  • Together with ammonia, these two gases combined and could grow the aerosol particles at an unprecedented speed. (helsinki.fi)
Substantial1
  • After four years of work (and a very substantial investment in facilities and equipment, including high-pressure, high-temperature blast furnaces) on September 9, 1913, a BASF plant in Oppau, Germany, began producing ammonia at the rate of several tons per day, increasing to 20 tons per day by the following year. (mentalfloss.com)
Catalyst1
  • The key to the K-SAATTM technology is ExSactTM, a revolutionary solid acid catalyst engineered to overcome rapid deactivation limitations of solid-acid catalysts and provide superior alkylation performance. (euro-petrole.com)
Complex2
  • CF Fertilisers UK Limited, a subsidiary of CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: CF), today announced a proposal to permanently close the ammonia plant at its Billingham Complex in order to secure the long-term sustainability of its business in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and more efficiently serve its customers in the country. (cfindustries.com)
  • The Company's proposal to permanently close the ammonia plant at its Billingham Complex could result in up to 38 redundancies at the site, in relation to which it will be entering into the required collective redundancy consultation process with its recognised union, Unite, and elected employee representatives. (cfindustries.com)
Laboratory1
  • An elevated arterial or free venous serum ammonia level is the classic laboratory abnormality reported in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. (medscape.com)