• Local adverse effects include neurovascular manifestations such as prolonged anesthesia and paresthesias, which may become irreversible. (medscape.com)
  • See also Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST) Under Anesthesia . (medscape.com)
  • Large doses of lidocaine (up to 55 mg/kg, versus the conventional maximum of 4.5 mg/kg) are used for tumescent anesthesia, in which a dilute local anesthetic solution is injected into subcutaneous tissue until it becomes firm and tense. (medscape.com)
  • Oraqix is an amide local anesthetic indicated for adults who require localized anesthesia in periodontal pockets during scaling and/or root planing. (drugs.com)
  • The duration of anesthesia is significantly longer with bupivacaine than with any other commonly used local anesthetic. (nih.gov)
  • These factors make effective and safe anesthesia care challenging: blood loss can be rapid and profuse, and frequently utilized neurophysiologic monitoring requires adjustments in anesthetic technique, all of which usually occur during a variety of positions, usually the prone position. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • If longer anesthesia is required, another amide anesthetic, such as bupivacaine, can be used. (medscape.com)
  • A nerve block often achieves anesthesia with a smaller amount of medication than is required for local infiltration. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, unlike local tissue infiltration, nerve blocks can provide anesthesia without causing tissue distortion. (medscape.com)
  • Regional blocks have several advantages compared to local infiltration, such as fewer injections necessary to attain adequate anesthesia, smaller volume of anesthetic required, and less distortion of the wound site. (medscape.com)
  • However, alternative class of local anesthetics (esters) were not available at our facility, so we performed spinal anesthesia with 250mcg of morphine. (fsahq.org)
  • However, spinal anesthesia is a safe alternative when allergy testing is not complete or when alternative local anesthetics are not available. (fsahq.org)
  • Zorcaine ® is a combination of articaine HCl, an amide local anesthetic, and epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor, is indicated for local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures. (nih.gov)
  • Zorcaine ® is indicated for local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures in adults and pediatric patients 4 years of age or older. (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetic solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives (e.g., methylparaben) should not be used for epidural or spinal anesthesia because the safety of these agents has not been established with regard to intrathecal injection, either intentional or accidental. (recallguide.org)
  • ORAQIX (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel) 2.5%/2.5% Initial U.S. Approval: 2003INDICATIONS AND USAGEOraqix is an amide local anesthetic indicated for adults who require localized anesthesia in periodontal pockets during scaling and/or root planing. (drugs-library.com)
  • Epinephrine Injection can be utilized to prolong the action of anesthetics used in local and regional anesthesia. (drugs-library.com)
  • Local anesthesia can be defined as loss of sensation in a discrete region of the body caused by disruption of impulse generation or propagation. (aneskey.com)
  • Local anesthesia can be produced by various chemical and physical means. (aneskey.com)
  • However, in routine clinical practice, local anesthesia is produced by several compounds whose mechanism of action is similar, although they have different durations of action, and from which recovery is normally spontaneous, predictable, and complete. (aneskey.com)
  • When performed on children, anesthesia could be either local or general. (srbsaps.rs)
  • For adults it is local anesthesia. (srbsaps.rs)
  • Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract. (lookformedical.com)
  • A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. (lookformedical.com)
  • Given Ms. Chen's good health, low risk of adverse effects from general anesthetic, and current level of anxiety, Dr. Billings considered whether to inform Ms. Chen fully about all possible risks associated with general anesthesia, including the risk of death. (ama-assn.org)
  • Local anesthetic (LA) is then injected into the distal venous system, leading to the rapid onset of anesthesia in the occluded limb and surgery is made possible. (astrocyte.in)
  • CPL-01 is an extended-release injectable gel formulation of Naropin® (ropivacaine hydrochloride), which is a member of the amino amide class of local anesthetics indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and acute pain management. (cenexelresearch.com)
  • Naropin® (ropivacaine hydrochloride) Injection is approved for local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management. (cenexelresearch.com)
  • TriSculpt (Micro-Laser Lipo) TriSculpt E/X (Micro-Sculpting) Venus Legacy Chest EX TriSculpt (Micro-Laser Lipo) It is an advanced laser lipo treatment performed with local anesthesia. (jrk-mengen.de)
  • Your surgeon applies Local anesthesia to the area of treatment. (jrk-mengen.de)
  • The toxicity of local and infiltration anesthetics can be local or systemic. (medscape.com)
  • Manifestations of local anesthetic toxicity typically appear 1 to 5 minutes after the injection, but onset may range from 30 seconds to as long as 60 minutes. (medscape.com)
  • The evaluation of patients with possible toxicity from a local anesthetic should be guided by the clinical presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Blood levels of the anesthetic may be measured, although blood levels may not correlate with toxicity or may not be obtained at a clinically useful time. (medscape.com)
  • Adverse reactions to local anesthetics are usually a reaction to epinephrine or overdose toxicity. (fsahq.org)
  • Because of its toxicity and addictive properties ( Chapter 24 ), a search for synthetic substitutes for cocaine began in 1892 with the work of Einhorn and colleagues, resulting in the synthesis of procaine, which became the prototype for local anesthetics for nearly half a century. (mhmedical.com)
  • Systemic toxicity of anesthetics most often involves the central nervous system (CNS) or the cardiovascular system. (medscape.com)
  • The objectives of this study were to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy, postblock residual analgesia, and any toxicity of two local anesthetics (LA) agents-ropivacaine and lignocaine. (astrocyte.in)
  • None of the patients in any group showed any evidence of local anesthetic toxicity. (astrocyte.in)
  • Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection USP is available in sterile isotonic solution for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. (nih.gov)
  • Bupivacaine is related chemically and pharmacologically to the aminoacyl local anesthetics. (nih.gov)
  • Bupivacaine (Marcaine) is another frequently used anesthetic agent. (medscape.com)
  • The last delivery was performed at another institution, and according to the provided records, sufficient analgesia was never reached with a customary dose and concentration of local anesthetic (bupivacaine 0.125% epidural block analgesia combined with fentanyl 100mcg). (openanesthesiajournal.com)
  • Structurally, amino esters consist of three molecular components: a lipophilic part (ester) an intermediate aliphatic chain a hydrophilic part (amine) The chemical linkage between the lipophilic part and the intermediate chain can be of the amide-type or the ester-type, and is the general basis for the current classification of local anesthetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oraqix is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type or to any other component of the product. (drugs.com)
  • Prilocaine (/ˈpraɪləˌkeɪn/) is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type first prepared by Claes Tegner and Nils Löfgren. (digglicious.com)
  • Prilocaine is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type first prepared by Claes Tegner and Nils Löfgren. (steroid-raw.com)
  • The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics is dependent upon the total dose and concentration of drug administered, the route of administration, the vascularity of the administration site, and the presence or absence of epinephrine in the anesthetic solution. (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetics are to be used without epinephrine in the digits to avoid vasoconstriction of adjacent arteries, which may lead to ischemia or infarction of local tissues. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Sonohata et al showed that a single injection (such as in the transthecal block) of 3 mL anesthetic with epinephrine was effective in achieving adequate analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • cases of gleno-humeral chondrolysis have been described in pediatric and adult patients following intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics with and without epinephrine for periods of 48 to 72 hours. (recallguide.org)
  • Epinephrine is used to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs and other allergens, and to prolong the action of anesthetics. (drugs-library.com)
  • Addition of epinephrine to local anesthetics for injection of certain areas (e.g., fingers, toes, ears, etc.) is contraindicated because of danger that vasoconstriction may result in sloughing of tissue. (drugs-library.com)
  • Amino esters are a class of local anesthetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amino esters, in reference to anesthetic agents, are rapidly metabolized in the plasma by butyrylcholinesterase to para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, then excreted in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, amino amides undergo hepatic metabolism, whereas amino esters are metabolized in the plasma via pseudocholinesterases. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, amino esters are significantly more likely than amino amides to cause true allergic reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Advantages of the amino amides over the earlier amino esters included more stability and a reduced frequency of allergic reactions. (aneskey.com)
  • Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. (nih.gov)
  • When applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations, local anesthetics can act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber, reversibly blocking the action potentials responsible for nerve conduction. (mhmedical.com)
  • A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent. (lookformedical.com)
  • Atypical responses to local anesthetics observed in the patient may be due to incomplete penetrance mutations in sodium channels since local anesthetics work through blocking nerve conduction by acting on these channels. (openanesthesiajournal.com)
  • Local anesthetics block conduction in the following order: small myelinated axons (e.g. those carrying nociceptive impulses), non-myelinated axons, then large myelinated axons. (wikidoc.org)
  • Amino ester-type include: Cocaine Procaine (Novocain) Tetracaine (Pontocaine) Benzocaine Chloroprocaine University of Texas Med School, Pharmacology Syllabus. (wikipedia.org)
  • They differ in this respect from the procaine-type local anesthetics, which have an ester linkage. (nih.gov)
  • Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group, which acts through multiple targets.Target: OthersProcaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action.Procaine (0.01-100 microM) inhibited the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated inward current in the whole-cell patch clamp recording. (grippo.com)
  • Similar effects are observed for local anesthetics such as tetracaine and procaine (functional IC50 values of approximately 5 and approximately 50 microM, respectively), although TMB-8 is the most potent of these agents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Procaine HCl is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. (kmubk.com)
  • Topical vapocoolant spray during minor procedures can be used to reduce needle penetration pain associated with digital nerve block and pain associated with local anesthetic infiltration. (medscape.com)
  • Sigmund Freud studied cocaine's physiological actions, and Carl Koller introduced cocaine into clinical practice in 1884 as a topical anesthetic for ophthalmological surgery. (mhmedical.com)
  • The pre op for cataract procedures performed under local and or topical anesthetic is still required but will have to be completed by the operating surgeon. (albertadoctors.org)
  • Benzocaine is local anesthetic useful as a topical anesthetic and painkiller. (sciencesnail.com)
  • Prilocaine topical is a local anesthetic (numbing medication). (steroid-raw.com)
  • HSC 03.04M may not be claimed for a pre operative physical examination when the request is for a cataract procedure (HSC 27.72A ) that will not require the use of a general anesthetic. (albertadoctors.org)
  • The only time the pre op medical (03.04M) will be paid in relation to cataract procedures, is if the patient is having their cataract performed under a general anesthetic. (albertadoctors.org)
  • In those rare cases that require a general anesthetic, the operating surgeon will have to communicate the unique situation to the physician completing the pre op medical so that the information can be included in the text on the claim for the 03.04M pre op medical. (albertadoctors.org)
  • If text is not submitted on the 03.04M for cataracts requiring a general anesthetic, the 03.04M will not be paid. (albertadoctors.org)
  • The ideal drug for IVRA anesthetic solution should have a rapid onset, require less dose of LA, reduce tourniquet pain, and prolong postdeflation analgesia. (astrocyte.in)
  • To avoid intravascular injection, aspiration should be performed before the local anesthetic solution is injected. (recallguide.org)
  • Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body. (lookformedical.com)
  • Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream. (lookformedical.com)
  • As a result, the CaliBio develops CPL-01 based on Naropin® Injection and PG-Depot technology platform in order to prolong its duration at the local site, leading to an extended local analgesic effect. (cenexelresearch.com)
  • This image illustrates how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is recognized by specific amino acids within acetylcholinesterase's active site. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Our factory has established nine production lines for bio-fermentation, food-grade amino acids, plant extraction, solid phase, and liquid-phase synthesis of peptides. (jennyschem.com)
  • An infraorbital nerve block requires 1-3 mL of the chosen anesthetic agent. (medscape.com)
  • Table 1 summarizes the recommended dosages of ZORCAINE administered by intraoral submucosal infiltration or nerve block for various types of anesthetic dental procedures in healthy adults and pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, a local anesthetic in contact with a nerve trunk can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the area innervated. (mhmedical.com)
  • These effects of clinically relevant concentrations of local anesthetics are reversible with recovery of nerve function and no evidence of damage to nerve fibers or cells in most clinical applications. (mhmedical.com)
  • All nerve fibres are sensitive to local anesthetics, but generally, those with a smaller diameter tend to be more sensitive than larger fibres. (wikidoc.org)
  • The first local anesthetic, cocaine, was serendipitously discovered to have anesthetic properties in the late 19th century. (mhmedical.com)
  • Clinical use of local anesthetics began with cocaine in the 1880s. (aneskey.com)
  • Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord. (lookformedical.com)
  • 6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact DENTSPLY Pharmaceutical at 1-800-989-8826 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch DRUG INTERACTIONS Other local anesthetics or agents structurally related to local anesthetics (7.1) Drugs associated with drug-induced methemoglobinemia (7.2) USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: There have been no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. (drugs-library.com)
  • All three of these anesthetics contain an amide linkage between the aromatic nucleus and the amino, or piperidine group. (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetic agents have the basic structure of an aromatic and a hydrophilic, separated in the middle by an amino-ester or an amino-amide. (medscape.com)
  • Most local anesthetic agents share the same basic chemical structure, which consists of an aromatic ring, linked to an intermediate chain, linked to a hydrophilic amine segment. (medscape.com)
  • Since this was an elective procedure, our options were to either postpone the surgery for allergy testing or choose an alternative local anesthetic to avoid any cross-reactivity. (fsahq.org)
  • Patients with true allergy to amide local anesthetics are often treated with an alternative class of local anesthetic. (fsahq.org)
  • Allergic reactions to local anesthetics are often attributed to preservative compounds such as metabisulfite or methylparaben. (fsahq.org)
  • Systemic absorption of local anesthetics produces effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems (CNS). (nih.gov)
  • Local anesthetic solutions like ZORCAINE that contain a vasoconstrictor should be used cautiously, especially in patients with impaired cardiovascular function or vascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • La mayoría de efectos secundarios se presentan en el sistema nervioso, gastrointestinal y cardiovascular. (bvsalud.org)
  • The procedure offers several advantages over local tissue infiltration . (medscape.com)
  • The dose of anesthetic used in typical volumes for this procedure is not toxic. (medscape.com)
  • 03.04M may NOT be claimed by the anesthetist performing the anesthetic for the procedure (this is considered to be part of the pre-anesthetic evaluation) (GR 12.2). (albertadoctors.org)
  • Type-II and Type-III reactions have been rarely reported and are not clinically significant with local anesthetics. (fsahq.org)
  • The recommended dosages of ZORCAINE in healthy adults serve only as a guide to the amount of anesthetic required for most routine dental procedures. (nih.gov)
  • Ester local anesthetics have a higher incidence of allergic reactions due to one of their metabolites, para-amino benzoic acid (PABA). (fsahq.org)
  • True allergic reactions to amide local anesthetics are extremely rare but have been documented. (fsahq.org)
  • As a consequence the amino-amide anesthetics are somewhat more stable and less inclined to cause allergic reactions. (westcoastrentalzllc.com)
  • Local injuries: Injuries to nerves and tendons can result in long-term complications such as neuropathies and tendonitis. (medscape.com)
  • Local anesthetics bind reversibly to a specific receptor site within the pore of the Na + channels in nerves and block ion movement through this pore. (mhmedical.com)
  • Hydrolysis of amino ester compounds yields para -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a well-known allergen, as an intermediate metabolite. (medscape.com)
  • Local anesthetics are classified as either ester or amide compounds. (fsahq.org)
  • Although studies have shown that use of local anesthetics does not alter incidence of wound infection, their use may produce false-negative wound cultures. (medscape.com)
  • The most common causes of regional anesthetic failure are technical or placement failure, failure related to the local anesthetic itself, or localized infection. (openanesthesiajournal.com)
  • For more information, see Local Anesthetic Agents, Infiltrative Administration . (medscape.com)
  • Acidosis such as caused by inflammation at a wound partly reduces the action of local anesthetics. (wikidoc.org)
  • Methemoglobinemia: Cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in association with local anesthetic use. (drugs.com)
  • Small volumes of anesthetic should be used to minimize local swelling, especially in cases in which compartment syndrome is being considered. (medscape.com)
  • Fetal/maternal ratios of local anesthetics appear to be inversely related to the degree of plasma protein binding, because only the free, unbound drug is available for placental transfer. (nih.gov)
  • A simple way to help decipher which drug belongs to which class is to remember that the letter i appears twice in the spelling of the amino amides. (medscape.com)
  • It is used as a vasoconstrictor in local anaesthetic injections for dental use, and is an ingredient of preparations that have been used for treatment of pain and inflammation of the mouth. (pharmfair.com)
  • While generally safe, local anesthetic agents can be toxic if administered inappropriately, and in some cases may cause unintended reactions even when properly administered. (medscape.com)