• Aastrom Biosciences Inc recently presented promising results from a mid-stage trial of its treatment for patients with critical limb ischemia, a disease in which blood flow to the extremities is restricted, at the American Heart Association's annual meeting. (ibtimes.com)
  • Jihad A. Mustapha, Barry T. Katzen, Richard F. Neville, Robert A. Lookstein, Thomas Zeller, Larry E. Miller, Teresa R. Nelson, Michael R. Jaff, On behalf of the Board of the CLI Global Society (September 9 2019) Propensity Score-Adjusted Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes Among Revascularization Strategies for Critical Limb Ischemia. (technomicsresearch.com)
  • MRI of the head was performed on postoperative day (POD)1, disclosing cerebral ischemia of the right centrum semiovale and markedly reduced flow in the ipsilateral ICA. (bmj.com)
  • Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) triggers lipid peroxidation and inflammation, which exacerbate injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emerging data implicate both 5-LOX and FLAP in the disease process of cerebral ischemia [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A sudden increase in afterload may cause left ventricular dilation, increased pulmonary artery pressures, and myocardial ischemia, especially in patients with coronary artery disease. (openanesthesia.org)
  • These neurons appear to be left in the pheny-toin hypersensitivity syndrome essent i al s of di agnosi s multiple risk factors, vascular abnormalities, or there is evidence of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving lipid-free pn are at risk, the test is important to consider another method is used. (elastizell.com)
  • The patient showed cervical cord injury classified as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment scale A and underwent emergency surgical vertebroplasty. (bmj.com)
  • Brown-Séquard syndrome is an incomplete spinal cord lesion characterized by a clinical picture reflecting hemisection injury of the spinal cord, often in the cervical cord region. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize cervical cord, root, and bony spine claims in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims database to formulate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of injury. (silverchair.com)
  • Most cervical cord injuries occurred in the absence of traumatic injury, instability, and airway difficulties. (silverchair.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), with peripheral nerve graft, to be beneficial in the repair of complete thoracic spinal cord transaction in rodents, and preliminary reports on the clinical use of aFGF, with or without peripheral nerve graft, have also been favourable. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Soft signs, such as a nonexpanding hematoma and paresthesias, do not improve the predictive value of an arterial injury more than indicating the proximity of the wound to a major vessel. (medscape.com)
  • Compression by intervertebral discs or embolization of disc fragments can also cause ischemia (often without a history of trauma). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the period immediately following injury, principles of advanced trauma and life support need to be adhered to, but also a focus on rapid immobilisation of the spine and optimisation of the patient's haemodynamics to maintain spinal cord perfusion is also necessary. (wfsahq.org)
  • Primary injury is the damage from the initial mechanical trauma to the spinal cord resulting from direct cord compression, haemorrhage, traction forces, or penetrating trauma. (wfsahq.org)
  • The mechanism of trauma can often predict the associated injuries and guide immediate interventions until further diagnostic tests can be conducted. (wfsahq.org)
  • Spinal cord disease can result from diverse pathologic processes including trauma . (medscape.com)
  • Trauma to the spinal cord typically leads to a combination of symptoms and signs resulting from immediate and delayed injury. (medscape.com)
  • Some experts in the field of trauma assert that physical examination alone is sufficient to assess zone II for injury, while others believe that diagnostic testing is mandatory. (medscape.com)
  • A single examination is not sufficient, because the onset of signs of injury may be delayed and progressive with neck trauma. (medscape.com)
  • About 50% of cases of penetrating neck trauma in which the platysma is violated have no further injury. (medscape.com)
  • Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a tool to temporarily halt exsanguination in trauma patients with noncompressible torso or pelvic injuries. (openanesthesia.org)
  • REBOA is a novel approach to temporarily stop exsanguination in trauma patients from noncompressible torso or pelvic injuries. (openanesthesia.org)
  • The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma's Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry recently compared the effectiveness of REBOA to open aortic occlusion (AO) in 114 patients across 8 trauma centers. (openanesthesia.org)
  • Trauma is the most common cause of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
  • Perioperative cervical spinal cord injury is perceived by many anesthesiologists to be associated with airway management in the setting of trauma and/or cervical spine instability. (silverchair.com)
  • In a review of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims database, the great majority of cervical spinal cord injuries occurred in the absence of trauma, cervical spine instability, or airway management problems. (silverchair.com)
  • Trauma to the spine may cause injuries involving the spinal cord, vertebrae, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Approach to the Trauma Patient Injury is the number one cause of death for people aged 1 to 44. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible acerca del manejo de personas con trauma ocular. (bvsalud.org)
  • Current knowledge of the long-term outcome in patients with spinal cord ischemia is based on only a few small studies, some of which are discussed here. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 Outcomes following injury can vary broadly between patients, from a complete recovery, to the need for long-term mechanical ventilation. (wfsahq.org)
  • Patients with SCIs may also present to non-specialist centres, which commonly have limited expertise or access to essential equipment for managing the complex needs of these injuries. (wfsahq.org)
  • Today, in well-organized spinal cord centers, 94% of patients survive the initial hospitalization. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with injuries due to hanging, try to determine the suspension time (when the patient was last seen), drop height, ligature used, history of alcohol or drug abuse, and history of suicide attempts. (medscape.com)
  • Consider an arterial injury of the neck in patients manifesting any degree of gross bleeding or presence of a hematoma. (medscape.com)
  • Virtually all patients with hard signs of an arterial injury require operative repair. (medscape.com)
  • It is important to understand how rhythmic diaphragm muscle activity can be restored in patients with spinal cord injury. (mayo.edu)
  • Tranexamic acid significantly inhibited hematoma growth in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
  • A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery Spine has found that acidic fibroblast growth factor may have a neuroprotective effect and may create favourable conditions for axonal regeneration in patients with spinal cord injuries. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Patients were grouped by the level of spine injury, with half being classified as cervical (C-4 was the most common level of injury) and the other half being classified as thoracolumbar (L-1 was the most common level of injury). (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • As it was an open-label design, all patients received the first 2ml combined dose aFGF and fibrin glue intraoperatively after undergoing a total laminectomy of the injured spinal segments with neurolysis of the injured rootlets (if present) from the adherent granulation tissue. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Writing in an editorial in the Journal of Neurosurgery Spine , Michael Fehlings (Krembil Neuroscience Centre Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Canada) and Jefferson Wilson (Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Canada, Canada) say that it is "entirely" possible that the neurological recovery observed was due to the patients' natural recovery that was "bolstered" by rehabilitation protocol that all patients received after treatment. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • From the perspective of spinal cord injury patients or their families, who would be happy to be enrolled in the control group receiving a sham operation? (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Importantly, before any action to intervene in spinal cord injury is undertaken, Wu et al argue, extreme caution is warranted "because patients are often desperate and vulnerable to false expectations. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • The outlook for patients with incomplete thoracolumbar neurological injuries has improved and can be enhanced if an optimum environment for neurological recovery is provided. (jortho.org)
  • The long-term survival and the possibility of functional rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries has led to increased interest in treatment of these patients. (jortho.org)
  • Although corticosteroids have been shown to improve neurological recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries16, the primary treatment of patients with thoracolumbar injuries is surgical reduction, decompression, and stabilization. (jortho.org)
  • Although patients can be in spinal shock , when all reflex activities are lost, Stauffer et al have demonstrated that a bulbocavernosus reflex returns within 24 hours in 99% of patients, thus indicating the end of spinal shock. (jortho.org)
  • Patients with incomplete neurological injuries are expected to improve, with many regaining the ability to ambulate. (jortho.org)
  • Overall gross function of patients with spinal cord injuries is assessed by the Frankel classification. (jortho.org)
  • Miller L E, Anderson L H (August 07, 2019) Association of Ambulatory Ability on Complications and Medical Costs in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Decision-analytic Model. (technomicsresearch.com)
  • Karunanayake, m., & chida, y the association with thrombotic complications if damage and developmental course, although uncomplicated patients become acutely insulin-deficient the effects of hypoxia include increased activation of the illness model and motivational interviewing. (elastizell.com)
  • The site of the chest wall compared with of patients had concomitant inhalation injury. (elastizell.com)
  • Immediately after surgery, all dogs were paraplegic with pelvic limb neurologic dysfunction consistent with myelopathy affecting the L4 through caudal spinal cord segments. (avma.org)
  • Dramatic neurologic deterioration following decompressive surgery for intervertebral disk herniation in dogs may be associated with the development of poliomyelomalacia secondary to ischemia. (avma.org)
  • For specific nontraumatic neurologic diseases that affect the spinal cord, see Multiple Sclerosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , and other articles listed in Differentials. (medscape.com)
  • As an incomplete spinal cord syndrome, the clinical presentation of Brown-Séquard syndrome may range from mild to severe neurologic deficit. (medscape.com)
  • The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) defines a complete neurologic lesion as an absence of sensory and motor function below the level of injury including the lowest sacral segment2. (jortho.org)
  • Each year, 10 million people worldwide survive the neurologic injury associated with a stroke. (jneurosci.org)
  • Anatomy Spinal cord disorders can cause permanent severe neurologic disability. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Unstable vertebral injuries are those in which bony and/or ligamentous integrity are disrupted sufficiently that free movement can occur, potentially compressing the spinal cord or its vascular supply and resulting in marked pain and potential worsening of neurologic function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surgical Clinics of North America. (wustl.edu)
  • In general, the prevalence of constipation among the general population in North America has been quoted as 1.9% to 27.2%, [ 15 , 16 ] with 50% to 74% of the institutionalized elderly reporting daily use of laxatives. (medscape.com)
  • The population's demographic shift towards aging indicates a rising demand for the therapy of spine disorders such as spondylolisthesis, chronic back pain, low back pain, neck pain , osteoporosis, and spinal nerve issues. (emergenresearch.com)
  • The spinal cord is located inside the vertebral canal, which is formed by the foramina of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae, which together form the spine. (medscape.com)
  • Cord injury occurred with cervical spine (65%) and noncervical spine (35%) procedures. (silverchair.com)
  • Haemodynamic management to avoid hypotension and maintain spinal cord perfusion is critical. (wfsahq.org)
  • Loss of autoregulation and spinal shock cause systemic hypotension and exacerbate ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • The territory of the anterior spinal artery covers the anterolateral and corticospinal tracts, but not the dorsal columns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The classic presentation for anterior spinal artery ischemia or infarct is sensory deficits in the following pattern: distal to the lesion, pain and temperature are lost bilaterally (owing to the involvement of anterolateral spinothalamic tracts), but light touch, vibration and position sense are preserved (owing to sparing of dorsal columns). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interruption of the lateral corticospinal tracts, the lateral spinal thalamic tract, and at times the posterior columns produces a picture of a spastic, weak leg with brisk reflexes and a strong leg with loss of pain and temperature sensation. (medscape.com)
  • Emphysema-associated Autoreactive Antibodies Exacerbate Post-Lung Transplant Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (duke.edu)
  • Predictably, the syndrome of symptoms varies with the level of the spinal cord in which the lesion occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A lesion is incomplete if sensory, motor, or both functions are partially present below the neurological level of injury. (jortho.org)
  • The spinal circulation comprises two paired posterior spinal arteries running down the dorsum of the cord and a single anterior artery found in the median fissure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the platysma is violated, determine whether the wound lies anterior (anterior triangle) or posterior (posterior triangle) to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and determine in what zone the injury is found. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal cord disease results from multiple diverse pathologic processes. (medscape.com)
  • Stroke caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage is defined as rapidly developing signs of neurological dysfunction and/or headache because of bleeding into the subarachnoid space (the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater of the brain or spinal cord). (medscape.com)
  • Stroke caused by cerebral venous thrombosis is defined as infarction or hemorrhage in the brain, spinal cord, or retina because of thrombosis of a cerebral venous structure. (medscape.com)
  • Therapeutic time window of multipotent adult progenitor therapy after traumatic brain injury. (uthsc.edu)
  • Previous studies have proved that the activation of TLR4/NF-κ B signaling pathway is involved in inflammatory processes in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (karger.com)
  • Brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) triggers a complex series of biochemical events including inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Physician-scientists at Oregon Health & Science University Doernbecher Children's Hospital are challenging the way pediatric neurologists think about brain injury in the pre-term infant. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As neurologists, we thought ischemia killed the neurons and that they were irreversibly lost from the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But this new data challenges that notion by showing that ischemia, or low blood flow to the brain, can alter the maturation of the neurons without causing the death of these cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers at OHSU Doernbecher have conducted a number of studies in preterm fetal sheep to define how disturbances in brain blood flow lead to injury in the developing brain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For this study, Back and colleagues used pioneering new MRI studies that allow injury to the developing brain to be identified much earlier than previously feasible. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Specifically, they observed how brain injury in the cerebral cortex of fetal sheep evolved over one month and found no evidence that cells were dying or being lost. (sciencedaily.com)
  • I believe these studies provide hope for the future for preterm babies with brain injury, because our findings suggest that neurons are not being permanently lost from the human cerebral cortex due to ischemia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this case study, the patient's spinal cord infarction is likely to have resulted from atherosclerotic changes in the spinal cord vasculature because of our patient's vascular risk factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Outcomes are not fixed at the time of injury though, with initial treatment and interventions known to significantly impact the extent of a patient's recovery and outcome. (wfsahq.org)
  • Clarify events surrounding the traumatic event, establish the amount of time that elapsed since the injury, and confirm the patient's baseline condition. (medscape.com)
  • Within 24 hours after surgery, repeated MRI in all dogs revealed hyperintensity in the spinal cord gray matter of the lumbar intumescence on T2-weighted images. (avma.org)
  • Postmortem microscopic examination of each dog's spinal cord at the lumbar intumescence revealed necrosis of the gray matter with relative white matter preservation suggestive of an ischemic injury. (avma.org)
  • The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum down to the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (at birth, down to second and third lumbar vertebrae). (medscape.com)
  • The lumbar and sacral portions of the cord have 5 segments each. (medscape.com)
  • The cauda equina (Latin for horse tail) is the collection of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots that travel caudally prior to exiting at their respective intervertebral foramina. (medscape.com)
  • Neurological injury occurs in 40% in the cervical vertebral injury and 15% in thoraco lumbar injury. (jortho.org)
  • Injury of the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the neural canal, which usually results in an areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs. (jortho.org)
  • In these 3 dogs, ischemia developed despite probable maintenance of normal spinal cord blood flow and perfusion during anesthesia. (avma.org)
  • Although the fact that the pathophysiology of nerve damage brought on by tourniquet use is still unknown, it is likely that mechanical compression and neuronal ischemia both play significant roles. (emergenresearch.com)
  • The conus medullaris is the cone-shaped termination of the caudal cord. (medscape.com)
  • In all dogs, MRI revealed spinal cord compression caused by L3-4 disk herniation. (avma.org)
  • To exclude other causes, such as compression or hemorrhage, MRI was repeated and revealed hyperintensity of the spinal cord gray matter on T2-weighted images, which microscopically corresponded with ischemic neurons and neuronal loss. (avma.org)
  • Muscle weakness (involvement of the corticospinal tract) and sensory loss occur at the spinal cord segmental levels of infarct. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These surgical tourniquets have decreased nerve-related injuries, but this can have led to a decreased understanding of possible harm processes. (emergenresearch.com)
  • The spinal nerves consist of the sensory nerve roots, which enter the spinal cord at each level, and the motor roots, which emerge from the cord at each level. (medscape.com)
  • The level of neurological injury is graded at the lowest nerve root level that has at least antigravity strength. (jortho.org)
  • Stroke, not otherwise specified is defined as an episode of acute neurological dysfunction presumed to be caused by ischemia or hemorrhage, and persisting ≥24 hours or until death, but lacking sufficient evidence to be classified as one of the above. (medscape.com)
  • Considerable differences exist in terms of clinical complications after traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). (medscape.com)
  • To assess the occurrence and risk factors for complications following spinal cord injury during and after inpatient rehabilitation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Multi-level random coefficient analyses revealed that complications were common following spinal cord injury. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Complications are common following spinal cord injury. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often followed by complications, which add to the detrimental effect that loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function have on a person's health, social participation and quality of life (1-4). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Depending on its pathogenesis, spinal cord disease can manifest with variable impairment of motor, sensory, or autonomic function. (medscape.com)
  • The circulation of the spinal cord has several unique features that determine the clinical presentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review focuses on the clinical description of common patterns of spinal cord involvement. (medscape.com)
  • An Official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline: Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Spinal cord infarction, or death of a macroscopic region of tissue in the spinal cord, is a rare event. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Estimates report spinal cord infarction comprising only 1.2% of all strokes and an overall annual incidence of only 12 per 100,000. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hard signs of an arterial injury include a large expanding hematoma, severe active or pulsatile bleeding, shock unresponsive to fluids, signs of cerebral infarction, presence of a bruit or thrill, and diminished distal pulses. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of a pulse does not exclude a vascular injury, and absence of a pulse is not diagnostic of vascular damage. (medscape.com)
  • Such injuries can also cause vascular injury with resultant ischemia or hematoma (typically extradural), leading to further damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Three independent teams, each consisting of an anesthesiologist and neurosurgeon, used a standardized review form to extract data from claim summaries and judge probable contributors to injury. (silverchair.com)
  • 7 Nodular white matter lesions are seen on imaging and most ischaemic changes occur in the basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and temporal lobes, 1 , 8 and a family with spinal cord lesions in the presence of a novel NOTCH 3 mutation has been described. (bmj.com)
  • Visceral pain is extremely difficult to localize, and several injuries to visceral tissue exhibit "referred" pain, where the sensation is localized to an area completely unrelated to the site of injury. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Spinal cord injuries occur when blunt physical force damages the vertebrae, ligaments, or disks of the spinal column, causing bruising, crushing, or tearing of spinal cord tissue, and when the spinal cord is penetrated (eg, by a gunshot or a knife wound). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention has successfully been used to treat several animal models of tissue injury via its anti-inflammation property. (karger.com)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been investigated as a therapy for many disorders and injuries involving ischemia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Neurological consequences result from the injury itself, following interruption and decentralization of the nervous system, and may be regarded as sequelae to the injury (6). (medicaljournals.se)
  • When the vertebral column injury occurs some degree of neurological deficit is present in significant percentage of cases. (jortho.org)
  • Complete injuries have a less than 3% chance of functional motor recovery if no neurological return is seen within 24 hours and have no chance of neurological recovery after 24 to 48 hours. (jortho.org)
  • To extend the understanding of host genetic determinants of HIV-1 control, we performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 2,554 infected Caucasian subjects. (duke.edu)
  • First described by Spiller in 1909 [ 2 ], thrombosis of the anterior spinal artery is often due to fracture of a cervical vertebra or a cervical hyperextension injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to eight radicular arteries are established during development and supply the anterior spinal artery, the largest of which is the artery of Adamkiewicz between T9 and T11. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mid-thoracic levels are most vulnerable to ischemia (for example, as a result of thrombosis) as there is only one radicular artery supplying the anterior spinal artery in this region, and sparse anastomoses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cell body (ie, soma) is in the anterior horn within the cord parenchyma. (medscape.com)
  • The damage from an SCI can be divided into 2 stages: the initial, or primary, injury and the secondary injury. (wfsahq.org)
  • Secondary injury occurs when the primary injury results in local and spreading changes at a cellular level over the subsequent hours, days, and weeks. (wfsahq.org)
  • The cord fills the whole spinal canal at the injury level and leads to further secondary ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Ischemia, toxic metabolic compounds, and electrolyte changes cause a secondary injury cascade. (medscape.com)
  • REBOA involves inserting a balloon catheter through the femoral artery and advancing it to the aorta, where the balloon is typically inflated under fluoroscopic guidance in specific zones (see below) depending on the type of injury (Figure 1 and Table 1). (openanesthesia.org)
  • The thoracic cord has 12 segments and provides motor control to the thoracoabdominal musculature. (medscape.com)
  • The pure Brown-Séquard syndrome reflecting hemisection of the cord is not often observed. (medscape.com)
  • Airway management can be complicated by mechanical injuries or the need for neck stabilisation. (wfsahq.org)
  • These molecules have revolutionized the field of bioactive materials for regenerative medicine, with potential applications in bone and cartilage regeneration, angiogenesis for ischemia or peripheral artery disease, cancer therapy, novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, stem cell differentiation, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and many other areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upper cervical spinal cord injury often results in complete or partial diaphragm muscle paralysis that may require ventilatory support and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. (mayo.edu)
  • Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States of America. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The degree and type of disabilities are often correlated with age, comorbidities, and the level or severity of spinal cord injury. (wfsahq.org)
  • As could be seen within and across value classes, prices differ considerably by severity of injury women's health center of houston [url=http://www.whalecenter.org/purchase-cheap/Serophene/]cheap serophene 100 mg on-line[/url]. (ehd.org)
  • Hypoperfusion of gray matter extends to the surrounding white matter and alters the propagation of action potentials along the axons, contributing to spinal shock. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing road accidents and injuries, rising prevalence of orthopedic diseases, a growing number of different surgeries, and technological advancements in tourniquet systems and cuffs are some of the major factors driving the market revenue growth. (emergenresearch.com)
  • Part II covers the medical aspects of electrical injuries, including the consequences of electrical injury on the body, EKGs and pacemakers, accident reconstruction in electrical injury cases, common sources of electrical injury, and relevant medical literature. (lawyersandjudges.com)
  • In the absence of instability, cervical spondylosis was the most common factor associated with cord injury. (silverchair.com)
  • Stupp has published over 500 papers in highly respected peer-reviewed scientific journals such as Science, Nature, Journal of the American Chemical Society, and PNAS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Journal of the American Medical Association 8/7/81. (purifyyourbody.com)