• Arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus, chikungunya virus and O'nyong-nyong virus, cause endemic disease globally and are a major public health concern. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • New World alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, while Old World alphaviruses like eastern equine encephalitis virus are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • The anti-VEEV scFv phage clones CB-7598 did not show any cross-reactivity with Alphavirus species of the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antigenic complex, nor did they react with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), if they were used as detection reagent. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
  • Currently, the greatest risk to human health among the alphaviruses is chikungunya virus (CHIKV). (unc.edu)
  • Researchers have identified 'broadly neutralizing' antibodies that protect against infection by multiple, distantly related alphaviruses-including Chikungunya virus (above)-that cause fever and debilitating joint pain. (genengnews.com)
  • A new study by researchers at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (WUSTL) has identified broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against infection in mice from multiple, distantly related alphaviruses-including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-that cause fever and debilitating joint pain. (genengnews.com)
  • Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus in the Togavirus family. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most alphaviruses lose the peripheral protein E3, but in Semliki viruses it remains associated with the viral surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most alphaviruses have conserved domains involved in regulation of viral RNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
  • Alphaviruses are of interest to gene therapy researchers, in particular the Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus have all been used to develop viral vectors for gene delivery. (genetherapynet.com)
  • Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the viral cause of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon in Europe. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
  • Studies using the alphavirus Semliki Forest virus have indicated that the viral E1 fusion protein forms two types of pore: fusion pores and ion-permeable pores. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we present an investigation of a single viral determinant of alphavirus pathogenesis: the opal termination codon. (unc.edu)
  • In alphaviruses , this process is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the viral protease (nsP2) which is responsible for processing the nonstructural polyproteins (P123 and P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming the viral replication complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alphavirus non-structural protein, nsP1 has a distinct molecular mechanism of capping the viral RNAs than the conventional capping mechanism of host. (tenoeverlab.com)
  • Viral encephalitis (alphaviruses [e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Typically, individuals who are infected with alphaviruses produce antibodies against many viral epitopes, some of which are not protective-setting up a weak immune response scenario that allows the virus time to replicate and exert its pathogenic effects. (genengnews.com)
  • To determine if alphaviruses may contribute to undefined to other laboratories for testing for AHSV, equine herpes neurologic infections, we investigated specimens (blood, viruses, and rabies ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Alphavirus Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Alphavirus Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Alphavirus Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Alphavirus Infections" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • This is the point at which alphavirus infections in humans begin. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Understanding the modes of transmission and the role of mosquito vectors, reservoir hosts, and human hosts is essential for controlling and preventing alphavirus infections and their associated diseases. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Alphaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA infections that participate in the disease family members (genus). (ampkpathway.com)
  • Alphavirus infections can either cause arthralgic or neuroinvasive disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Certain infections, such as infections by arthritogenic alphaviruses, can also cause polyarthralgia. (healthline.com)
  • Alphaviruses are a genus of ssRNA viruses that are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. (seekhealthz.com)
  • Alphavirus vectors carrying therapeutic or toxic genes used for intratumoral injections have demonstrated efficient tumor regression. (genetherapynet.com)
  • Alphaviruses are apt to be engineered to create replicon vectors which efficiently induce humoral and T-cell immune responses. (genetherapynet.com)
  • Alphaviruses require mosquito vectors to complete their life cycle. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • The distribution of alphaviruses is influenced by the presence of suitable mosquito vectors and reservoir hosts. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Alphavirus-based cDNA clones have been modified into expression vectors that are useful for expressing foreign genes in cultured cells and in vivo (29, 36, 42). (ampkpathway.com)
  • Most alphavirus-based expression vectors have been constructed according to one of two fundamental designs (3, 11, 35). (ampkpathway.com)
  • Alphaviruses that could infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. (wikipedia.org)
  • In comparison to the highly abundant insect-specific flaviviruses, insect-specific alphaviruses seem to be rare. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In contrast to the Rabbit Polyclonal to OR52D1 diseases caused by most arthritogenic alphaviruses, CHIKV-induced arthralgia can last for months to years (5, 6). (ebat2018.org)
  • Previously, based on its geographical circulation, CHIKV was referred to as the Old World (OW) alphavirus. (ebat2018.org)
  • As for other alphaviruses, the CHIKV genome (G RNA) is represented by a single-stranded RNA of positive polarity of 11.5?kb (8). (ebat2018.org)
  • Currently, there is no vaccine or treatment for CHIKV or other alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
  • In the current study, the researchers screened 60 neutralizing mouse and human antibodies against CHIKV and determined that 10 reacted against three or more different alphaviruses that cause arthritis-like symptoms. (genengnews.com)
  • Purified virions of Aura virus, a South American alphavirus related to Sindbis virus, were found to contain two RNA species, one of 12 kb and the other of 4.2 kb. (caltech.edu)
  • We further investigate how the opal termination codon contributes to severe disease using a related alphavirus, Sindbis virus (SINV). (unc.edu)
  • Infectious cDNA clones have been constructed for many alphaviruses, including Sindbis virus strain AR339 (15, 21, 31), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (6), Ross River virus (17), Semliki Forest virus (19), and South African arbovirus 86 (37). (ampkpathway.com)
  • A comparative study of marine salmonid alphavirus subtypes 1-6 using an experimental cohabitation challenge model. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The hallmarks of arthritogenic alphavirus disease are debilitating pain, and potentially chronic inflammation of the muscles, thus influencing quality of life. (zoonoses-journal.org)
  • They also identified an epitope of the alphavirus that is identical across the entire arthritogenic alphavirus family. (genengnews.com)
  • Mimicking superinfection exclusion disrupts alphavirus infection and transmission in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti . (bvsalud.org)
  • Taking a synthetic biology approach, we mimicked this naturally occurring phenomenon by generating a superinfection exclusion-like state in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes , rendering them refractory to alphavirus infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • This report describes Trocara virus, a newly recognized member of the genus Alphavirus, that has been isolated from Aedes serratus mosquitoes collected at two widely separated sites in the Amazon Basin. (edu.pe)
  • The disease is perpetuated by the alphavirus Chikungunya, and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
  • Eilat virus, a unique alphavirus with host range restricted to insects by RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The extensive literature on alphavirus replication, structure, entry, and fusion has also been summarized in a number of reviews that are cited under the appropriate section. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The opal termination codon is a conserved element within alphavirus genomes that regulates several aspects of alphavirus replication. (unc.edu)
  • Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alphaviruses are small, spherical, enveloped viruses with a genome of a single strand of positive-sense RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of alphaviruses consists of a single stranded positive sense RNA . (genetherapynet.com)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome . (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two RNA viruses that contain a positive-stranded RNA genome. (pediaa.com)
  • The structural proteins of the Alphavirus occur at the 5′ end of the genome. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphaviruses are a group of small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with a positive-sense genome. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of two alphaviruses, namely, one Igbo-Ora virus and one Babanki virus, that were isolated several decades ago in Africa from human serum. (hal.science)
  • The virus is of the recombinant type of two other alphaviruses. (ucr.edu)
  • Transmission between species and individuals occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses - or arthropod-borne viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • In brief, Alphavirus and Flavivirus are two genera of viruses that contain positive-sense RNA genomes. (pediaa.com)
  • A family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of two genera: ALPHAVIRUS (group A arboviruses), and RUBIVIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pairwise amino acid identities to EILV ranged between 67 and 88 % for the corresponding proteins, suggesting that TALV defines a proposed new alphavirus species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Different alphaviruses are associated with specific mosquito species, making their geographic distribution and transmission patterns diverse. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • The broad and sensitive applicability of scFv-presenting phage for the immunological analysis and recognition of Alphavirus species was demonstrated. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
  • The main difference between Alphavirus (Togavirus) and Flavivirus is that Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, whereas Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Familia de virus ARN, principalmente arbovirus, formada por dos géneros: ALPHAVIRUS (arbovirus del grupo A) y RUBIVIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
  • While the primary mode of transmission is mosquito-borne, some alphaviruses can be transmitted from person to person through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Old World alphaviruses are associated mainly quencing, and phylogenetic analysis of a 349-bp E1 gene with febrile disease and arthralgia, are often accompanied fragment (online Technical Appendix) was attempted (Fig- by a maculopapular rash, and are rarely fatal, although ure 1, panel B) to investigate recombination events. (cdc.gov)
  • Alphavirus contains structural proteins at the 5′ end, while Flavivirus contains structural proteins at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus produces sub-genomic messages, while Flavivirus does not. (pediaa.com)
  • Alphavirus does not contain polyadenylation at the 3′ end, while Flavivirus contains polyadenylation at the 3′ end. (pediaa.com)
  • Furthermore, the use of whole alphaviruses for gene therapy is of limited efficacy both because several internal alphaviral proteins are involved in the induction of apoptosis upon infection and also because the alphaviral capsid mediates only the transient introduction of mRNA into host cells. (genetherapynet.com)
  • These outcomes demonstrate that 2A fusion protein-expressing alphaviruses could be particularly perfect for applications that want enduring manifestation of an individual proteins or coexpression of two alternate proteins. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, Alphavirus is an enveloped virion that is spherical. (pediaa.com)
  • Outbreaks of alphavirus diseases are often localized in areas where these factors converge. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • With increased global travel, infected individuals can introduce alphaviruses to new regions, potentially leading to outbreaks in areas where the virus was previously absent. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Effective surveillance of mosquito populations, reservoir hosts, and human cases is crucial for early detection and response to alphavirus outbreaks. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Serious outbreaks of alphavirus infection occur worldwide and affect millions of people. (unc.edu)
  • There are no effective therapies or vaccines against alphavirus infection, yet serious outbreaks of alphavirus infection continue to occur. (unc.edu)
  • An exception is Eilat virus (EILV), the only described alphavirus with a host range restricted to insects. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • There are 27 Alphaviruses classified according to their antigenic properties. (pediaa.com)
  • Packaging of the Aura virus subgenomic RNA, but not those of other alphaviruses, suggests that Aura virus 26S RNA contains a packaging signal for incorporation into virions. (caltech.edu)
  • Kielian, M 1995, ' Membrane fusion And the Alphavirus Life Cycle ', Advances in Virus Research , vol. 45, no. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alphavirus is a disease-causing virus that occurs in two forms. (pediaa.com)
  • Once a mosquito is infected with an alphavirus, it can transmit the virus horizontally to another host, typically through subsequent blood meals. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • Many alphaviruses have reservoir hosts, which are typically wild birds or mammals that can maintain and amplify the virus in nature. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • The alphaviruses Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus accounted for 6,036 (77%) of these. (health.gov.au)
  • Other medically important alphaviruses found in the Americas include eastern equine encephalitis virus (neuroinvasive) and Mayaro virus (arthalgic). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, to confirm that the antibodies could protect animals from disease, the researchers infected mice with three different alphaviruses: Chikungunya, the closely related O'nyong'nyong virus, or the more distantly related Mayaro virus. (genengnews.com)
  • The WUSTL investigators were interested in studying arthritogenic alphaviruses-those that cause characteristic symptoms of fever followed by arthritis-like joint pain. (genengnews.com)
  • We detected a novel alphavirus, tentatively named Taï Forest alphavirus (TALV), in Culex decens mosquitoes collected in Ivory Coast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Although 26S RNA is present in the cytosol of all cells infected by alphaviruses, this is the first report of incorporation of the subgenomic RNA into alphavirus particles. (caltech.edu)
  • There are 27 alphaviruses, able to infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, birds, and larger mammals such as horses as well as invertebrates. (genetherapynet.com)
  • What we've identified here are antibodies that actually neutralize several different alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
  • The findings from this study were published online recently in Cell through an article entitled "Broadly Neutralizing Alphavirus Antibodies Bind an Epitope on E2 and Inhibit Entry and Egress. (genengnews.com)
  • Using in vitro cell culture studies, Dr. Diamond and his team observed that antibodies which recognized the alphavirus epitope also protected against infection by multiple alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
  • This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the life cycle of alphaviruses, focusing in particular on their entry pathway and membrane fusion activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alphaviruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. (kreetankhabar.com)
  • World alphaviruses are associated with neurologic disease tained for 2 MIDV strains under Biosafety Level 3 con- in horses and, potentially, humans ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Alphaviruses usually do not just have the prospect of transmitting and disease, but they may also be stated in huge quantities and so are moderately easy to disseminate. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
  • Therefore, the study of factors that contribute to severe alphavirus-induced disease is essential. (unc.edu)
  • This work describes the consequences of such mutations on alphavirus disease severity. (unc.edu)
  • These findings aid our understanding of factors that restrict severe alphavirus-induced disease, and could contribute to the design of effective therapies against alphavirus infection. (unc.edu)
  • In 2011, Yem- situation, one can only expect that en reported an explosive outbreak the situation will not worsen and the 60 countries and territories have reported transmission so far of chikungunya which was the first disease will not spread further. (who.int)
  • There are limitations to the use of alphaviruses in the field of gene therapy due to their lack of targeting, however, through the introduction of variable antibody domains in a non-conserved loop in the structure of E2, specific populations of cells have been targeted. (genetherapynet.com)
  • The results of this study could have wide implications toward the development of antibody treatment for a vast array of alphaviruses. (genengnews.com)
  • The sets of host factors in vRCs are specific to each alphavirus and particular cell type used in the experiments (15,C22). (ebat2018.org)