Glycine and acetaldehydeMukaiyama Aldol ReRetro-aldolCatalystCyclizationIodoform testCondensation reactionsKetonesCatalyticEthanalEnolatesSequentialEthanolDerivativesDehydrationFormaldehydeOrganicNucleophilicSaltsSilylSynthesisAcetyleneMechanismEnzymeHydrogenCannizzaroOccursAlcoholsEnolAddition reactionsOccurGivePreparationMechanismsYieldFormProcessSyntheticConversionProductsGroupForms
Glycine and acetaldehyde3
- D-Threonine aldolase is an enzyme belonging to the glycine-dependent aldolases, and it catalyzes the reversible aldol reaction of glycine and acetaldehyde to give D-threonine and/or D-allo-threonine. (unipr.it)
- The purified enzyme (DrDTA, 47 KDa) exhibited 21.3 U mg activity for the aldol addition of glycine and acetaldehyde in MES-NaOH buffer (pH 6.0) at 50 C. Both pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and metal ions were needed for the reaction, and the existence of the metal ions enhanced the stability of the enzyme. (unipr.it)
- Normally, L-threonine aldolases catalyze the retro-aldol of threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde. (spinchem.com)
Mukaiyama Aldol Re2
- Schreyer, L. IDPi Catalysis: The Hosomi-Sakurai Allylation and a Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction with Enolsilanes of Acetaldehyde. (mpg.de)
- The syn/anti stereo descriptors clearly indicate that the stereoselectivity of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction has switched from a syn selective process for the reaction using 2-chloroacetaldehyde to an anti selective process for the reaction with acetaldehyde. (unine.ch)
Retro-aldol1
- Catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-2- oxopentanoate to pyruvate and acetaldehyde. (ecmdb.ca)
Catalyst2
- The important reactions of aldehydes include oxidation (whereby carboxylic acids are formed), reduction (with the formation of alcohol), aldol condensation (when two molecules of an aldehyde react in the presence of a catalyst to produce a hydroxy aldehyde), and the Cannizzaro reaction (with the formation of an alcohol and the sodium salt of an acid). (iloencyclopaedia.org)
- iv) Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α -hydrogen undergo a reaction in the presence of dilute alkali as catalyst to form f3-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketones (ketol), respectively. (psebsolutions.com)
Cyclization2
- Mechanism of a cyclization reaction - why does an enol ether form? (stackexchange.com)
- This reaction is followed by cyclization of the intermediate y-ionones. (tmrblog.com)
Iodoform test1
- 3. Skip the haloform reaction and the iodoform test. (utexas.edu)
Condensation reactions5
- It is used primarily as a source of the "CH3C+H(OH)" synthon in aldol reactions and related condensation reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- The yield of 2‐butenal decreases with increasing conversion of acetaldehyde (for conversions greater than 15 %), because secondary condensation reactions, which form C 6 and C 8 enal products, consume 2‐butenal. (scite.ai)
- narrower product distributions that provide selectivity to specific species emerge if unsaturated aldehydes (and enals) mainly participate in condensation reactions. (scite.ai)
- Condensation reactions of biomass derived C2 and C4 aldehydes form both ortho‐ and para‐tolualdehydes (2‐MB and 4‐MB, respectively). (scite.ai)
- Here, analysis of the products formed by sequential condensation reactions of acetaldehyde and 2‐butenal suggests that 2‐ and 4‐MB products form via aromatization of 2,4,6‐octatrienal and of highly reactive acyclic intermediate(s) formed via self‐addition of 2‐butenal, respectively. (scite.ai)
Ketones2
- The mechanism of the reaction with aldehydes or ketones. (utexas.edu)
- iv) By hydration of alkynes Acetylene on hydration gives acetaldehyde and other alkynes on hydration give ketones. (aglasem.com)
Catalytic1
- While attempting to synthesize a potential inhibitor of the biosynthetic step of formation of PBG, a novel catalytic system inducing the Prins reaction was discovered. (unine.ch)
Ethanal1
- Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated as MeCHO. (wikipedia.org)
Enolates1
- List, B. Confined acids catalyze asymmetric single aldolizations of acetaldehyde enolates. (mpg.de)
Sequential1
- Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Isoxazoles via Sequential [3+2] Cycloaddition/Silicon-Based Cross-Coupling Reactions. (illinois.edu)
Ethanol2
- citation needed] Before 1962, ethanol and acetylene were the major sources of acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
- Smaller quantities can be prepared by the partial oxidation of ethanol in an exothermic reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Derivatives1
- Acetaldehyde is primarily used to manufacture acetic acid, but it is also used in the manufacture of ethyl acetate, peracetic acid, pyridine derivatives, perfumes, dyes, plastics and synthetic rubber. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
Dehydration1
- The process occurs in two parts: an aldol reaction, which forms an aldol product, and a dehydration reaction, which removes water to form the final product. (khanacademy.org)
Formaldehyde2
- In one of the more spectacular addition reactions, formaldehyde in the presence of calcium hydroxide adds to MeCHO to give pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4 and formate. (wikipedia.org)
- The first member of these categories is formaldehyde (HCHO) and the second member is acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO). (chemistrypage.in)
Organic2
- Acetaldehyde is a common electrophile in organic synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- This may be especially important for reactions in organic media. (spinchem.com)
Nucleophilic2
- How to decide what pathway a reaction will follow, elimination, addition to a carbonyl or nucleophilic substitution? (stackexchange.com)
- The analysis of the products suggests that 4‐MB species form via 2‐butenal self‐addition by nucleophilic attack of the α‐C to the carbonyl‐C. Additionally, Diels-Alder reactions (between C6 and C2 intermediates) do not contribute in any significant manner to the formation of 4‐MB. (scite.ai)
Salts1
- The hydroformylation of methanol with catalysts like cobalt, nickel, or iron salts also produces acetaldehyde, although this process is of no industrial importance. (wikipedia.org)
Silyl3
- The compounds were prepared by the Mukaiyama crossed aldol reaction between the silyl enol ether of S-ethyl 2-phenylethanethioate and simple aldehydes, like 2-chloroacetaldehyde (for I ) and acetaldehyde (for II ). (unine.ch)
- Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-Governed Aldehyde Cross-Aldol Cascade Reaction Boxer, M. B. (wikidoc.org)
- The starting materials are acetaldehyde and benzophenone which are both converted to silyl enol ether by reaction with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and triflic acid with evolution of hydrogen. (wikidoc.org)
Synthesis2
- Similarly noncompetitive, acetaldehyde arises from synthesis gas with modest selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
- When attached to certain functional groups in a reactant molecule, trimethylsilyl groups may also be used as temporary protecting groups during chemical synthesis or some other chemical reactions . (wikidoc.org)
Acetylene1
- Prior to the Wacker process and the availability of cheap ethylene, acetaldehyde was produced by the hydration of acetylene. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism4
- CH3CHO + Hg}}} The mechanism involves the intermediacy of vinyl alcohol, which tautomerizes to acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
- But there is also a mechanism in which the aldol condensation takes place in the presence of an acid. (khanacademy.org)
- Write the mechanism of the reaction and explain why this strategy works. (utexas.edu)
- I have drawn a three step mechanism as opposed to the concerted step reaction proposed in the other answer. (stackexchange.com)
Enzyme2
- Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body. (wikipedia.org)
- With high enzyme loadings, a range of aldehydes gave products in the three-component reaction in the 97-99% range. (spinchem.com)
Hydrogen1
- Although much has been learned about reaction dynamics involving one hydrogen atom, less is known about those processes where two or more hydrogen atoms participate. (osti.gov)
Cannizzaro1
- Cannizzaro reaction is not given by: (MLN. (mdcatustad.com)
Occurs2
- Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. (wikipedia.org)
- At room temperature, acetaldehyde (CH3CH=O) is more stable than vinyl alcohol (CH2=CHOH) by 42.7 kJ/mol: Overall the keto-enol tautomerization occurs slowly but is catalyzed by acids. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohols1
- They are produced by reactions of aldehydes with alcohols. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
Enol1
- IUPAC name: ethenol): CH3CH=O ⇌ CH2=CHOH ∆H298,g = +42.7 kJ/mol The equilibrium constant is 6×10−7 at room temperature, thus that the relative amount of the enol form in a sample of acetaldehyde is very small. (wikipedia.org)
Addition reactions1
- In addition reactions acetaldehyde is prochiral. (wikipedia.org)
Occur1
- The reaction can occur without the -OH being protonated. (khanacademy.org)
Give1
- Give an example of the reaction in each case. (psebsolutions.com)
Preparation1
- CH3CHO + H2O}}} This method is one of the oldest routes for the industrial preparation of acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanisms1
- The complete reaction network and the detailed mechanisms, however, have not been fully described. (scite.ai)
Yield1
- What is the only product obtainable in good yield in such a reaction? (utexas.edu)
Form2
- In aldol condensation , an enolate ion reacts with another carbonyl compound to form a conjugated enone. (khanacademy.org)
- The last two reactants can form products that may be assigned to specific reaction pathways (not distinguishable during self‐addition of 2‐butenal) and also have decreased reactivity at specific carbon atoms. (scite.ai)
Process1
- The reaction is conducted at 90-95 °C, and the acetaldehyde formed is separated from water and mercury and cooled to 25-30 °C. In the wet oxidation process, iron(III) sulfate is used to reoxidize the mercury back to the mercury(II) salt. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic1
- Acetaldehyde is utilized for silvering mirrors, hardening gelatin fibers, and as an alcohol denaturant and a synthetic flavoring agent. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
Conversion1
- Under the optimized reaction conditions, phenylserines with a 2′-fluoro- or 3′- nitro-substituent were obtained with >90% conversion and >90% de. (unipr.it)
Products2
- The unexpected reaction sequence Diels-Alder reaction/acylation between the N -butadienyl- N -alkylketene N,0 -trimethylsilylacetal ofpropionamide ( 2a-2b ) and N -phenylmaleimide produced tricyclic products rac - 5a - rac - 5b and bicyclic products rac - 6a - rac - 6b with high diastereoselectivity. (unine.ch)
- The reaction of the N,0 -trimethylsilylacetals 2a and 2c with acryloyl chloride in a similar sequence gave the bicyclic products rac - 8a and mc- 8c . (unine.ch)
Group2
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed acetaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
- While lipases were demonstrated to catalyze aldol reactions in 2003, [4] in 2020 a research group developed the concept to involve three-component chromene-forming reactions. (spinchem.com)
Forms1
- These findings complete the description of the reaction network that forms 2‐ and 4‐MB from acetaldehyde on hydroxyapatite. (scite.ai)