Airway resistance. Medical search. Frequent questions

In cases of upper airway obstruction the development of turbulent flow is a very important mechanism of increased airway resistance, this can be treated by administering Heliox, a breathing gas which is much less dense than air and consequently more conductive to laminar flow. (wikipedia.org)
Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is notably characterized by reversible airway obstruction, persistent lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). (cdc.gov)
UARS manifests as a sleep disorder marked by partial airway obstruction due to relaxed throat tissue during sleep. (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
Exposures of 50 to 100 ppm may be tolerated for more than 30 to 60 minutes, but higher or longer exposures can cause death from airway obstruction. (cdc.gov)
Physiological studies of tracheo-bronchial stents in airway obstruction. (thieme-connect.com)
Evaluation of airway obstruction using virtual endoscopy. (thieme-connect.com)
Old Cells in Young Airway Smooth Muscle: Does Neonatal Senescence Cause Lifelong Airway Obstruction? (nationaljewish.org)
Airflow resistance during tidal breathing provides a more physiological assessment of airflow obstruction. (bmj.com)
Data from both unanesthetized and anesthetized pulmonary function tests suggest the presence of small airway obstruction or premature closing. (epa.gov)
The goal of all of these methods is to relieve upper airway obstruction caused by a relaxed tongue lying on the posterior pharyngeal wall. (merckmanuals.com)

For patients in whom obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suspected or is diagnosed, examination of the upper airway is essential for determining an optimal treatment, as many variables are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, making the choice of the correct treatment a complex one. (medscape.com)
Using a computational model, we investigated the effect of the morphologically determined increased airway smooth muscle mass, adventitial mass, and submucosal mass observed in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the increase in airway resistance in response to a bronchoconstricting stimulus. (nih.gov)
Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition in which individuals experience pauses in breathing (apnea) during sleep, which are associated with partial or complete closure of the throat (pper airway). (medlineplus.gov)
SUMMARY The responses of the upper airway to progressive normocapnic hypoxia were studied in 6 healthy men and in 6 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). (johnshopkins.edu)
It is concluded that impaired reactivity to hypoxic activation (probably due to the process of adaptation of carotid chemoreceptors to nocturnal hypoxia), might reduce the defence abilities of OSAS patients against episodes of obturation in upper airway and obstructive apnoea events. (johnshopkins.edu)
MEDIHALER-ISO is indicated for the treatment of reversible obstructive airways disease. (nih.gov)
PURPOSE The primary goal of this initiative is to define abnormalities in airway structure and function responsible for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children (3-12 years of age) and to identify physiological and clinical measures associated with increased morbidity. (nih.gov)
When surgery becomes the best treatment option for patients, we provide cutting-edge surgical techniques for obstructive sleep apnea in multiple levels of the upper airway, including the nose, the soft palate, and the tongue base. (montefiore.org)
10. Dynamic change in respiratory resistance during inspiratory and expiratory phases of tidal breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)
15. A mixed phenotype of airway wall thickening and emphysema is associated with dyspnea and hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)
16. Comparison of inspiratory and expiratory resistance and reactance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)
And I'm thrilled to be here with board-certified internist, sleep medicine specialist Barry Krakow, MD, who has worked in the field of sleep research and clinical sleep medicine for more than 30 years, pioneering innovative techniques for the treatment of chronic nightmares, chronic insomnia, complex insomnia, upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive and central sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. (sleepreviewmag.com)
2 Guilleminault, C., and Bassiri, A. Clinical features and evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and upper airway resistance syndrome. (fphcare.com)

Airway dynamics in COPD patients by within-breath impedance tracking effects of continuous positive airway pressure / by: Lorx András, et al. (u-szeged.hu)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the standard therapy for OSA but despite its efficacy has poor adherence. (nih.gov)
Reduction of excess expiratory positive pressure by the modality known as Cflex(™) during Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy (CPAP(Flex)) has been suggested to improve comfort without compromising efficacy. (nih.gov)
Our approach to treating patients with sleep disorders is integrative, combining all treatment modalities, including Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) masks, oral appliances, and surgery. (montefiore.org)

Our patient had no history of snoring or witnessed apnea, but polysomnography was consistent with upper airway resistance syndrome. (medscape.com)

Effect of nasal airway nonline. (u-szeged.hu)
Our hypothesis is that increased nasal resistance due to nasal inflammation predisposes to OSA in this population. (nih.gov)
Subjects with high nasal resistance may have greater difficulty in tolerating this therapy than those who do not have high nasal resistance. (nih.gov)
We will compare CPAP to CPAP(Flex) in subjects with OSA.Subjects with new onset habitual snoring will be screened for OSA using home sleep studies and rhinomanometry will be used to determine nasal resistance. (nih.gov)
In 400 subjects with OSA we will perform a randomized double blind cross-over study comparing CPAP to CPAP(flex), and relate nasal resistance to adherence to CPAP therapy.This is the first multicenter trial designed to test the hypothesis that adherence to CPAP therapy relates to nasal resistance and CPAP(Flex) will improve adherence to CPAP in those subjects with high nasal resistance. (nih.gov)
Nasopharyngeal airways are flexible tubes with one end flared (hence their synonym: nasal trumpets) and the other end beveled that are inserted, beveled end first, through the nares into the pharynx. (merckmanuals.com)

In respiratory physiology, airway resistance is the resistance of the respiratory tract to airflow during inhalation and exhalation. (wikipedia.org)
There are several important determinants of airway resistance including: The diameter of the airways Whether airflow is laminar or turbulent In fluid dynamics, the Hagen-Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. (wikipedia.org)
In such patients, rapid palatal expansion, by widening the upper airway and improving airflow during sleep, may produce a prolonged improvement of symptoms and a tapering of medication. (medscape.com)
The other ventilatory muscles compensate for the increased resistance, and so the airflow decreases much less than the increase in resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Induced transient arousal from NREM sleep cause the following: Increase EMG activity of the diaphragm 150%, increased activity of upper airway dilating muscles 250%, increased airflow and tidal volume 160% and decreased upper airway resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Normal breathing has a rounded pattern, while resistance to airflow leads to a squaring off of the flow signal. (medscape.com)
the in-phase part of this signal measures airflow resistance (Rrs). (bmj.com)

Although our patient did not have an orthodontic indication for rapid palatal expansion, rapid palatal expansion was performed as a treatment of his upper airway resistance syndrome. (medscape.com)
The symptoms of upper airway resistance syndrome are non-specific enough that every adolescent with depression, even those responding to medication, may have underlying sleep disordered breathing. (medscape.com)
In the following report, we present the case of a man with treatment-resistant depression whose depression and associated symptoms have been in remission for approximately two years after the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) treated with rapid palatal expansion (RPE). (medscape.com)
An example of an upper airway examination is provided below. (medscape.com)
The upper airway begins at the entrance of the nose and continues to the hypopharynx. (medscape.com)
The structures forming the upper airway are the nose and the pharynx with its 3 divisions (ie, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx). (medscape.com)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has also been described in upper airway dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The increase in resistance comes primarily from the upper airway in the retro-epiglottic region. (wikipedia.org)
Tonic activity of the pharyngeal dilator muscles of the upper airway decreases during the NREM sleep, contributing to the increased resistance, which is reflected in increased esophageal pressure swings during sleep. (wikipedia.org)
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) in Huffington Post. (myapnea.org)
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) may not be as widely recognized as other sleep disorders, but its impact on everyday life can be profound. (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
What Is Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome? (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) is a sleep disorder defined by the relaxation of soft throat tissue, which hinders the normal flow of air during sleep. (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
What Causes Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome? (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
The upper airway resistance was calculated by the ratio of the laryngeal pressure (measured using a catheter introduced into oesophagus) to the inspiratory flow. (johnshopkins.edu)
The OSAS patients showed reduced ventilatory response, GG‐reactivity and changes in upper airway resistance during progressive hypoxia. (johnshopkins.edu)
The Association of Upper Airway Resistance with Periodic Limb Movements. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Increased Upper Airway Resistance and Periodic Leg Movements: Association in Individuals and in a Population. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Association Between Periodic Leg Movements and Increased Upper Airway Resistance. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We need to know if you have upper airway resistance syndrome. (thepaleodiet.com)
Many sleep centers are still discounting or ignoring the significance of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). (sleepreviewmag.com)
Aligning the external auditory canal with the sternal notch may help open the upper airway and establishes the best position to view the airway if endotracheal intubation becomes necessary. (merckmanuals.com)
Align the upper airway for optimal air passage by placing the patient into a proper sniffing position. (merckmanuals.com)

During an asthma attack the airways constrict causing an increase in airway resistance. (wikipedia.org)

Through this laboratory-based study, we investigated whether mice genetically deficient in IL-11Rα1 (IL-11Rα1-deficient mice) exhibited decreased airway responsiveness to methacholine and lung inflammation induced by acute inhalation exposure to ozone [2 parts/million (ppm)] for three hours as compared to wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice. (cdc.gov)
A second cohort of mice was anesthetized twenty-four-hours following cessation of exposure and pressure-volume (PV) curves generated and airway responsiveness to methacholine assessed. (cdc.gov)
CONCLUSION: The severity of airway epithelial injury after Cl2 is greater in TCR-delta-/- mice but the inflammatory response and the change in airway responsiveness to methacholine are reduced. (cdc.gov)

Therefore during expiration, particularly forced expiration, these airways may collapse causing increased airway resistance. (wikipedia.org)

There was a good correlation between the drop in heart rate during diving test and the provocation dose of methacholine producing a 45% decrease in specific airway conductance both in patients with rhinitis and in asthmatic patients. (nih.gov)
METHODS: C57Bl/6J (wild type) and TCR-delta-/- mice exposed to Cl2 (400 ppm) for 5 minutes underwent measurements of airway responses to i.v. methacholine (MCh) at 1, 3, and 5 days after exposure. (cdc.gov)
Basal airway resistance was increased 90 d post-sub-chronic exposure, but reactivity to methacholine (MCh) was unaffected. (cdc.gov)

It is not practically possible to measure airway resistance at a set absolute lung volume, therefore specific airway resistance attempts to correct for differences in lung volume at which different measurements of airway resistance were made. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly to specific airway resistance, specific airway conductance attempts to correct for differences in lung volume. (wikipedia.org)
Objectives: We sought to study the long-term effects of exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM 10 ) and to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on specific airway resistance (sR aw ) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) before and after bronchodilator treatment. (nih.gov)

The present literature review and meta‑analysis compared the effects of the laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation on airway complications during general anesthesia. (spandidos-publications.com)
The keywords 'laryngeal mask airway', 'endotracheal tube', 'tracheal tube', 'children', 'pediatric', 'anesthesia', 'randomized controlled trials' (RCTs) and 'randomized' were used to perform the literature search in PubMed. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, the results indicated that laryngeal mask airway application can reduce complications during general anesthesia compared with endotracheal intubation. (spandidos-publications.com)
As a supraglottic ventilation device, the laryngeal mask airway offers several advantages, including no requirement for a laryngoscope to expose the glottis, lack of damage to the airway and minimal cardiovascular reaction ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
A systematic review demonstrated that the laryngeal mask airway significantly reduced the incidence of laryngeal spasms and postoperative hoarseness in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The insertion procedure of the laryngeal mask airway for anesthesia is simple and easy to secure, minimizing the risk of dislodgment. (spandidos-publications.com)

Also called volumic airway conductance. (wikipedia.org)

The device causes minimal stimulation and secretion, does not affect the tracheal ciliary activity, aids in sputum clearance and maintains the self-cleaning effect of the airway. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the isolated, perfused trachea preparation the inhibitory effect of the airway epithelium on reactivity to MCh was increased at 90 d post-exposure. (cdc.gov)

We found that for constant airway mechanics, as reflected by the passive area-pressure curves of the airways, the increased muscle mass is likely to be the most important abnormality responsible for the increased resistance observed in response to bronchoconstricting stimuli in asthma and COPD. (nih.gov)
8. Emphysema and airway disease affect within-breath changes in respiratory resistance in COPD patients. (nih.gov)
14. Colored 3-dimensional analyses of respiratory resistance and reactance in COPD and asthma. (nih.gov)
Inspiratory-expiratory X5 analysis differentiated patients with asthma from those with COPD presumably reflecting enhanced dynamic airway narrowing on expiration in COPD. (bmj.com)

This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in glucocorticoid resistance in asthma. (nih.gov)
Thus, based on the aforementioned observations, we hypothesized that genetic deficiency of IL-11Rα1 would attenuate lung inflammation and increases in airway responsiveness following acute inhalation exposure to ozone, a criteria pollutant and non-atopic asthma stimulus. (cdc.gov)
It has been suggested that airway hyperreactivity in asthma is associated with increased parasympathetic tone. (nih.gov)
People with asthma can experience increased airway resistance with sulfur dioxide concentrations of less than 0.1 ppm when exercising. (cdc.gov)
An additional area of research focuses on the utility of impulse oscillometry, a non-invasive, and non-effort dependent technology that measures airway resistance and reactance in patients with asthma and other pulmonary disorders. (nih.gov)

An individual small airway has much greater resistance than a large airway, however there are many more small airways than large ones. (wikipedia.org)
Decreases in Delta FEF25 suggest premature small airway closure. (epa.gov)

[ 1 ] The lower airway begins in the trachea and continues to the bronchial tree. (medscape.com)
The role of gamma delta T cells in airway epithelial injury and bronchial responsiveness after chlorine gas exposure in mice. (cdc.gov)

Patients with UARS suffer from partial airway obstructions during sleep, leading to symptoms like chronic fatigue and frequent awakenings. (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
Occasional patients have been reported to develop severe paradoxical airway resistance with repeated, excessive use of isoproterenol inhalation preparations (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ). (nih.gov)
Furthermore the system could be used in a few patients for 2D and 3D measurement and visualisation of airway stenosis. (thieme-connect.com)
Measuring „in-situ" central airway resistance in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. (thieme-connect.com)
Vancomycin resistance in enterococci has coincided with the increasing incidence of high-level enterococcal resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides, thus presenting a challenge for physicians who treat patients who have infections caused by these microorganisms (1,4). (cdc.gov)
Nasopharyngeal airways are better tolerated and are preferred rather than oropharyngeal airways for patients who are obtunded with intact gag reflexes. (merckmanuals.com)

Reliability of translaryngeal airway resistance measurements during maximal exercise. (uib.no)

The findings indicate that acute and sub-chronic COV inhalation does not appreciably affect ventilatory properties of the rat, but transient changes in airway epithelium occur. (cdc.gov)

Bronchoscopy is the technique of choice for the evaluation of a stenosis in the large airways. (thieme-connect.com)
Airway evaluation in children with use of ultrafast CT: pitfalls and recommendations. (thieme-connect.com)
11. Evaluation of airway responsiveness using colored three-dimensional analyses of a new forced oscillation technique in controlled asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. (nih.gov)

How To Insert an Oropharyngeal Airway Oropharyngeal airways are rigid intraoral devices that conform to the tongue and displace it away from the posterior pharyngeal wall, thereby restoring pharyngeal airway patency. (merckmanuals.com)

Due to the elastic nature of the tissue that supports the small airways airway resistance changes with lung volume. (wikipedia.org)
No significant NO2 effects were found for the nitrogen washout, compliance, lung volumes, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, or upstream airway resistance. (epa.gov)
This study was performed to evaluate the possible toxic effects following inhalation of a FSD (FSD 8) in the lung and airways. (cdc.gov)

Nasopharyngeal airways may also help facilitate bag-valve-mask ventilation. (merckmanuals.com)
Two airways, one in each nostril, may be used to improve oxygenation and ventilation. (merckmanuals.com)

RESULTS: Wild type mice developed a greater degree of airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh at 1 day post exposure to Cl2 compared with TCR-delta-/- mice. (cdc.gov)

They are also used as diagnostic tools for measuring the static compliance of airway resistance and the functioning of the respiratory system. (medgadget.com)

Biodegradable airway stents in infants - Potential life-threatening pitfalls by: Sztanó Balázs, et al. (u-szeged.hu)

IOS measures resistance, respiratory impedance, reflectance and distribution disorders. (nationaljewish.org)

Scans were anonymised, and scored using the Brody-II CT scoring system, to assess for presence and extent of bronchiectasis, airway wall thickening, mucus plugging, and parenchymal opacities. (bmj.com)

Nasopharyngeal airways can be used in some settings where oropharyngeal airways cannot, eg, oral trauma or trismus (restriction of mouth opening including spasm of muscles of mastication). (merckmanuals.com)
An oropharyngeal airway may be used concurrently with nasopharyngeal airways. (merckmanuals.com)

Glucocorticoid Receptor ChIP-Seq Identifies PLCD1 as a KLF15 Target that Represses Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy. (nationaljewish.org)

BACKGROUND: Acute exposure to chlorine (Cl2) gas causes epithelial injury and airway dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
Acute exposure did not affect basal airway epithelial ion transport, but 28 d after sub-chronic exposure alterations in active (Na(+) and Cl) and passive ion transport occurred. (cdc.gov)

Passage of the nasopharyngeal airway into the cranial vault through a disrupted cribriform plate has been reported but is rare. (merckmanuals.com)
Nasopharyngeal airways can usually be used even with major facial injuries. (merckmanuals.com)

The primary data source for this review consisted of peer-reviewed publications on the impact of ozone on airway inflammation and glucocorticoid responsiveness indexed in PubMed. (nih.gov)

However, no system has been successfully employed for the bronchoscopic measurement of airway stenosis. (thieme-connect.com)

10) A longitudinal study of the bacteriology of bronchiectasis incorporating data on antibiotic resistance is needed. (ersjournals.com)

Airway resistance can also vary between inspiration and expiration: In emphysema there is destruction of the elastic tissue of the lungs which help hold the small airways open. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, the tissue obstructs the airway and impedes the smooth flow of air. (airwayandsleepgroup.com)
It is thought that excess fatty tissue in the head and neck constricts airways and abdominal fat may prevent the chest and lungs from fully expanding and relaxing. (medlineplus.gov)

Background The usual analysis of forced oscillometry measures respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) averaged over several tidal breaths (whole-breath analysis). (bmj.com)
In the unanesthetized rat, frequency of breathing was decreased and tidal volume, expiratory resistance, and inspiratory and expiratory times were generally increased. (epa.gov)

Increased muscle thickness allowed greater smooth muscle shortening against the elastic loads provided by parenchymal interdependence and airway wall stiffness. (nih.gov)

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in the bronchi and bronchioles results in increased airway resistance from unopposed parasympathetic activity. (nih.gov)

The airway resistance and patient breathing capacity are minimal and the respiratory muscle is more resistant to fatigue. (spandidos-publications.com)

The actual increase in the incidence of VRE in U.S. hospitals might be greater than reported because the fully automated methods used in many clinical laboratories cannot consistently detect vancomycin resistance, especially moderate vancomycin resistance (as manifested in the VanB phenotype) (9-11). (cdc.gov)

Cushley, M.J. , Tattersfield, A.E. and Holgate, S.T. (2004) Inhaled adenosine and guanosine on airway resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. (soton.ac.uk)

If flow becomes turbulent, and the pressure difference is increased to maintain flow, this response itself increases resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Airway resistance increases by about 230% during NREM sleep. (wikipedia.org)

E is the inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio, and R aw is the airway resistance. (springer.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms8

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment52

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes68

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care6

Obstruction10

Obstructive13

Continuous positive4

Apnea1

Nasal6

Airflow7

Upper23

Increase in airway resistance1

Responsiveness to methacholine3

Causing increased airway1

Methacholine3

Specific airway resistance3

Laryngeal Mask A6

Conductance1

Effect of the airway2

COPD4

Asthma5

Small airway2

Bronchial2

Patients6

Measurements1

Ventilatory1

Evaluation3

Patency1

Lung3

Ventilation2

Hyperresponsiveness1

Respiratory system1

Stents1

Disorders1

Mucus1

Oropharyngeal2

Hypertrophy1

Epithelial2

Nasopharyngeal2

Inflammation1

Measurement1

Bronchiectasis1

Tissue3

Tidal2

Elastic1

Parasympathetic1

Patient1

Phenotype1

Asthmatic1

Increases2

Expiratory1