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PlethysmographyPlethysmography, Whole BodyPlethysmography, ImpedanceForearmAirway ResistanceAirway ObstructionAirway RemodelingRegional Blood FlowRespiratory MechanicsRespiratory SystemBronchiBronchial HyperreactivityLungLung Volume MeasurementsLegomega-N-MethylarginineRespirationVasodilationNitroprussideAsthmaPulmonary VentilationThoraxBronchoconstrictionTidal VolumeTotal Lung CapacityRespiratory Function TestsVeinsAirway ManagementRespiratory MucosaFunctional Residual CapacityHyperemiaVasodilator AgentsVascular ResistanceThoracic WallRespiratory HypersensitivityBronchial Provocation TestsVenous PressureBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidAcetylcholineInfusions, Intra-ArterialMethacholine ChlorideHand-Arm Vibration SyndromeVenous InsufficiencySpirometryBlood PressureInhalationForced Expiratory VolumeVascular CapacitancePostphlebitic SyndromeRespiratory Physiological PhenomenaHeliumLung ComplianceBlood Flow VelocityEndothelium, VascularResidual VolumeBronchodilator AgentsPhlebographyThrombophlebitisAir PressureAdministration, InhalationHeart RateBrachial ArteryVital CapacityRespiratory MusclesHemodynamicsCross-Over StudiesLaryngeal MasksContinuous Positive Airway PressureNitric OxideAirAlbuterolApneaDose-Response Relationship, DrugMucusFluid ShiftsBronchoconstrictor AgentsIntubation, IntratrachealOscillometryPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveVasoconstrictionPostureMuscle, SmoothPopliteal VeinMice, Inbred BALB CForced Expiratory Flow RatesTime FactorsSupine PositionHypercapniaLung Diseases, ObstructiveAnalysis of VarianceLower Body Negative PressureBlood VolumeReproducibility of ResultsEosinophilsDouble-Blind MethodPressureVasoconstrictor AgentsReference ValuesInflammationHistamine
SpirometryObstructionResistanceAsthmaHyperresponsivenessObstructivePulmonaryAsthmaticInflammatoryBarometricBronchodilatorBronchialMeasurementsInflammation and airwayVentilationLungsResponsivenessEpithelialBrachycephalic dogsHeliumSmall airwaysUpperEosinophilsCystic fibrosisConductanceEosinophiliaPatientsAllergicEmphysemaSevereInduceBodyFunctionCarbon monoxideAlveolarLung diseaseRestrictiveCOPDDiseasesTidalDiseaseMethacholine challengeOpensMathematicalChest
Spirometry6
Obstruction25
  • In cases of upper airway obstruction the development of turbulent flow is a very important mechanism of increased airway resistance, this can be treated by administering Heliox, a breathing gas which is much less dense than air and consequently more conductive to laminar flow. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was concluded that both proximal and distal airways were involved in asthma and that distal airways were the major determinant of airflow obstruction. (ersjournals.com)
  • Although these airways contribute little to airflow obstruction in normal airways, studies have revealed that distal airways accounted for up to 50-90% of total airflow resistance in asthmatics [ 1 ], implying that distal airways were the main site of airflow obstruction in asthmatics. (ersjournals.com)
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is persistent narrowing (blocking, or obstruction) of the airways occurring with emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis, or both disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Moreover sedation procedures are performed by non anesthesiologists at remote from 'OR locations' (operating room), who may not be as well experienced and adept as anesthesiologists, in recognizing airway obstruction, apnea and hypoventilation. (capnography.com)
  • A lower airway obstruction was found in all women consumer of water pipe. (who.int)
  • The study will, in particular, gain knowledge on predisposing factors for developing of airway obstruction in smokers. (ki.se)
  • There are a number of other risk factors besides smoking for development of chronic airway obstruction. (ki.se)
  • The study will explore one explanation to chronic airway obstruction not caused by tobacco smoke. (ki.se)
  • Recently, it has become evident that chronic airway obstruction in never-smokers is more prevalent than previously known. (ki.se)
  • In this national multicenter study we will identify factors associated with chronic airway obstruction in never-smokers and to determine the molecular mechanisms of this disease in order to find potential targets for intervention. (ki.se)
  • In this group, we have identified persons with chronic airway obstruction who have never smoked. (ki.se)
  • Measurement of airway resistance before and after a dose of inhaled bronchodilator may help to diagnose bronchodilator-responsive airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Documentation of reversibility of airway obstruction after bronchodilator therapy is central to the definition of asthma. (medscape.com)
  • In an outpatient or office setting, measurement of the peak flow rate by using a peak flow meter can provide useful information about obstruction in the large airways. (medscape.com)
  • However, a normal peak flow rate does not necessarily mean a lack of airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Airway resistance is increased when significant obstruction is present. (medscape.com)
  • The reversibility of airway obstruction can be assessed by administering aerosolized bronchodilators. (medscape.com)
  • This artifact may prevent identification of upper airway obstruction, a manageable complication of this mode of ventilation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a potentially debilitating condition affecting mature stabled horses in the northern hemisphere. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that improvement of LCI after antibiotic treatment in this patient group can be explained by: less secretion and obstruction (better ventilation of conductive airways=lower Scond), better ventilated lung units (net increase of expired tracer gas=FRC MBW ) and less hyperinflation (lower RV). (bmj.com)
  • One of the key characteristics of the condition is the presence of a reversible obstruction to the airflow, in direct association with a hyperresponsive airway, subsequently having significant mortality rates, with approximately 250,000 deaths yearly reported in some studies. (medichub.ro)
  • Asthma is characterised by airway inflammation, cough, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction (e.g. (docsbay.net)
  • An obstruction or blockage in your airways causes obstructive lung diseases. (healthline.com)
  • Often, this obstruction occurs when your inflammation and swelling narrow your airways. (healthline.com)
Resistance27
Asthma22
  • The aim of this study was to compare air-trapping as quantified by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest with measures of lung function and airway inflammation in children with mild to moderate asthma. (nih.gov)
  • The present review is the summary of an expert workshop that took place in Vence (France) in 2007 on the role of distal airways in asthma. (ersjournals.com)
  • The evidence showing inflammation and remodelling in distal airways, and their possible involvement in asthma control and natural history, was reviewed. (ersjournals.com)
  • Finally, the available data studying the benefit of treatment better targeting distal airways in asthma was examined. (ersjournals.com)
  • Inflammation in distal airways appeared more intense in severe and uncontrolled asthma. (ersjournals.com)
  • Distal airways were poorly attained by conventional aerosol of asthma medications owing to their granulometry, being composed of 3-5 μm particles. (ersjournals.com)
  • Thus, it is not surprising that the roles of distal airways in the natural history of asthma have long been neglected. (ersjournals.com)
  • Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway chronic inflammation together with airway hyperresponsiveness 1 . (nature.com)
  • Asthma Asthma is a condition in which the airways narrow-usually reversibly-in response to certain stimuli. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients with chronic persistent asthma may have hyperinflation, as evidenced by an increased total lung capacity (TLC) at plethysmography. (medscape.com)
  • In the asthma model, the administration of ADE reduced inflammatory cell count and airway hyperresponsiveness in OVA-exposed animals with decreased levels of IL-4, IL-13, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. These results were accompanied by the reduction of pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Whilst being a common illness, there is a range of symp-to--ma-to-lo-gy seen in patients diagnosed with asthma, vary-ing from slight wheezing to severe closure of airways. (medichub.ro)
  • Ultimately, the key aspect of asthma is the increased airway responsiveness, which may be triggered by several possible factors, many of which are environmental, and if the treatment is not initiated with sufficient urgency, the mortality rate can surge (1) . (medichub.ro)
  • The release of these inflammatory mediators is the primary cause of the key feature of asthma - chronic airway inflammation. (medichub.ro)
  • Further confirmative data in the allergic asthma model demonstrated that CRAC played a central role in the airway inflammation and late asthmatic response (LAR). (docsbay.net)
  • Patients with severe asthma may have neutrophilic airway inflammation and skew towards a more Th1 type response [6] characterised by the production of cytokines such as IFNγ and IL-2. (docsbay.net)
  • Asthma is a condition that causes the airways to your lungs to become inflamed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe - and because it makes it more difficult for you to exhale, it's known as an obstructive lung disease. (healthline.com)
  • For instance, asthma attacks occur when your airways become inflamed and filled with mucus. (healthline.com)
  • This obstructs your airways, making it difficult to breathe and leading to the symptoms of an asthma attack. (healthline.com)
  • 3) In asthma, continuous epithelial shedding and a restitution process characterize the airway disease (4) and are responsible for the airway hyperresponsiveness. (indexarticles.com)
  • 7) Chronic asthma and airway remodeling was reported earlier to have been induced with repeated allergen inhalation. (indexarticles.com)
  • Chronic airways diseases, including asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, cause significant morbidity and mortality and are associated with high healthcare expenditure, in the UK and worldwide. (ox.ac.uk)
Hyperresponsiveness4
  • Vitamin A supplement after neonatal S. pneumoniae pneumonia significantly promoted Foxp3 + Treg and Th1 productions, decreased Th2 and Th17 cells expressions, alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells infiltration during AAD. (nature.com)
  • On day 10, they received an intranasal dose of TDI (0.1%) mation, and nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in or vehicle. (cdc.gov)
  • These tests are performed in specialized laboratories by specially trained personnel to document airway hyperresponsiveness to substances (eg, methacholine, histamine). (medscape.com)
  • On day 24, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured using flexivent. (bvsalud.org)
Obstructive10
  • Her research focused on brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) has led to groundbreaking advancements in the objective assessment of airway function and the development of effective surgical strategies to improve the health and well-being of these unique canine companions. (fecava.org)
  • Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs by using whole-body barometric plethysmography. (fecava.org)
  • Objective effectiveness of and indications for laser-assisted turbinectomy in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. (fecava.org)
  • Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs. (fecava.org)
  • Outcomes and prognostic factors of surgical treatments for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 3 breeds. (fecava.org)
  • Comparison between computed tomographic characteristics of middle ear in nonbrachycephalic and brachycephalic dogs with obstructive airway syndrome. (fecava.org)
  • COPD includes chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive airways disease. (mse.nhs.uk)
  • It is considered to be a disease affecting the airways of affected in-di-viduals, causing significant inflammatory changes, hyper-responsiveness, excessive mucous production and air-way remodelling, ultimately causing an obstructive pro-cess, closing the airways to a certain degree. (medichub.ro)
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by a persistently limited airflow, chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling and emphysema [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of upper airway surgery in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) based on objective data using whole body barometric plethysmography (WBBP). (cam.ac.uk)
Pulmonary4
  • The usefulness and limitations of various techniques used for assessing distal airways were also evaluated, including pulmonary function tests and imaging. (ersjournals.com)
  • Respiratory and pulmonary functions were measured by whole-body and invasive plethysmography. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As well as narrowed airways, patients suffer from hyperinflated lungs (pulmonary emphysema). (mediservice.ch)
  • Possible residual cardiopulmonary and neurological symptoms in a follow-up study after treatment with inhaled nitric oxide.The methods used were dose-response studies with iNO, lung volume recruitment with surfactant, high frequency oscillatory ventilation and partial liquid ventilation, lung volume measurements with respiratory inductive plethysmography and a four-center follow up study after iNO.Results and conclusions:· iNO decreased pulmonary artery pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass. (gu.se)
Asthmatic1
  • 5) The asthmatic rats have early airway responses and late airway response in high prevalence, (6) showing high levels of specific IgE on active immunization (6) and airway eosinophilia. (indexarticles.com)
Inflammatory1
Barometric1
Bronchodilator1
  • Often, the tests are repeated after a person takes a drug that opens the airways of the lungs (bronchodilator). (msdmanuals.com)
Bronchial1
  • Your airways are the parts of your body that carry air to your lungs, including your nose, throat, trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes that connect your windpipe to each lung. (medlineplus.gov)
Measurements2
  • Endotracheal tube placement during computed tomography of brachycephalic dogs alters upper airway dimensional measurements. (fecava.org)
  • This requires not only better understanding of airway pathophysiology but also an enhanced ability to make physiological measurements of disease activity and lung function and, if we are to impact on the natural history of these diseases, reliable measures in early disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Inflammation and airway1
Ventilation4
  • The value of capnography is well appreciated during anesthesia as an airway and ventilation monitor so much so that it has become a standard of practice in the operating room. (capnography.com)
  • This report draws attention to an artifact that influences the qualitative information gained from respiratory inductance plethysmography during negative pressure ventilation with a cuirass. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Respiratory inductive plethysmography during dynamic ventilatory changes on high frequency oscillatory ventilation and on conventional ventilation (CV) as a new continuous and non-invasive method to optimize alveolar recruitment without interrupting ventilation. (gu.se)
  • In multivariable regression analysis, change of FRC MBW -RV and ventilation homogeneity of conductive airways (Scond) explained 58% variability of delta LCI (R 2 , see online supplementary table S2). (bmj.com)
Lungs1
  • Lungs from the exposed groups were inflamed as indicated by recruitment of neutrophils in all three exposed groups and eosinophils and an increase in numbers of airway epithelial goblet cells in 5- and 20-day exposure groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Responsiveness3
  • Comparison of unrestrained plethysmography and forced oscillation for identifying genetic variability of airway responsiveness in inbred mice. (jax.org)
  • The degree of airway responsiveness can be assessed by methacholine challenge testing. (medscape.com)
  • After the exposure periods, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (Mch) was measured and rats were euthanized to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and lung tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial4
  • Subsequently, coordinated branching morphogenesis and vascular development result in a tree-like structure of epithelial tubules with differentiated airways and saccules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that multiple exposures to endotoxin-containing swine barn air induce AHR, increase in mucus-containing airway epithelial cells and lung inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: Vitamin A plays an important role in airways epithelial repair and differentiation. (indexarticles.com)
  • 9) Allergen inhalation in sensitized BN rats causes an increase in production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] and nitric oxide (NO) by alveolar macrophage and airways epithelial cells, and it can be inhibited by dexamethasone. (indexarticles.com)
Brachycephalic dogs1
  • Background: We are conducting a prospective study to objectively evaluate the respiratory function of brachycephalic dogs pre and post airway surgery. (cam.ac.uk)
Helium1
Small airways1
  • Sampling of biological material from the lung is performed by bronchoscopy where tissues and cells from the large and from the small airways are harvested. (ki.se)
Upper2
  • [ 14 ] and upper airway function. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, it improves upper airway mucociliary function, which augments the elimination of secretions. (frontiersin.org)
Eosinophils1
  • Synta 66 also repressed OVA induced airway cellular recruitment showing a reduction in neutrophils and eosinophils. (docsbay.net)
Cystic fibrosis1
Conductance2
  • The primary end point was post-dose specific airways conductance (sGaw) area under the curve (AUC 0-4 h ) on day 14. (bmj.com)
  • The advantages of triple therapy are observed across a range of physiologically important parameters, including airway conductance and lung volumes. (bmj.com)
Eosinophilia2
  • Changes in IgE/IgG1 and mucin levels, airway eosinophilia and hyperreactivity to methacholine were determined by ELISA, differential cell counting and whole-body plethysmography, respectively. (utmb.edu)
  • 0.001) decreased IgE/IgG1 production, airway eosinophilia, mucin production and hypersensitivity induced by allergenic extracts from ragweed pollen grains and house dust mites. (utmb.edu)
Patients1
  • In a cohort of 40 COPD-patients, 40 smokers with normal lung function and 40 neversmokers (Karolinska COSMIC study) we have made significant attempts, by performing bronchoscopy, to characterize inflammation and structural changes in various levels in the airways as well as in the systemic circulation. (ki.se)
Allergic3
  • Four weeks after pneumonia, mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to induce allergic airway disease (AAD). (nature.com)
  • Specific pathogen may play a critical role in the allergic airway diseases (AAD) pathogenesis by affecting the immune system 5 . (nature.com)
  • Methods: We used a well-characterized mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. (utmb.edu)
Emphysema2
Severe1
  • We speculate that in severe CF lung disease airway collapse might hamper decrease of RV and consequently improvement of LCI. (bmj.com)
Induce1
Body2
Function3
  • Lung function tests also help check the health of your airways. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Reliable, accurate and sensitive spirometric tests of airway function in resting horses would assist with the diagnosis of limitations to breathing and facilitate investigations of the effects of various treatments on breathing capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This lung function test determines the FEV1 value (one-second capacity measurement of the lung, in which you exhale as quickly as possible), which indicates the extent to which the airways are narrowed. (mediservice.ch)
Carbon monoxide1
  • METHODS: all women answered for a questionnaire and benefited of a total physical plethysmography and of a carbon monoxide lung transfer measure (TLCO). (who.int)
Alveolar1
  • Mean airway pressures on HFOV and CV when combined with PLV were significantly lower, reducing the risk of alveolar barotrauma. (gu.se)
Lung disease1
  • Background: The present study (1) characterizes a physiologic phenotype of restrictive dysfunction due to airway injury and (2) compares this phenotype to the phenotype of interstitial lung disease (ILD). (cdc.gov)
Restrictive1
  • Lessons from the World Trade Center disaster: airway disease presenting as restrictive dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
COPD1
Diseases2
  • In this article, we outline some of the key challenges faced by the respiratory community in the management of airways diseases, including early diagnosis, disease stratification and monitoring of therapeutic response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These emerging techniques have the potential to enhance existing measures in the assessment of airways diseases, may be particularly valuable in early disease, and should facilitate the efforts to deliver precision respiratory medicine. (ox.ac.uk)
Tidal1
  • Reduced TLC was attributable to reduced FRC, compatible with airway closure in the tidal range. (cdc.gov)
Disease1
  • In this context, the identification and targeting of 'treatable traits' is an important priority in airways disease, both to ensure the appropriate use of existing treatments and to facilitate the development of new disease-modifying therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
Methacholine challenge1
  • The methacholine challenge test is done by providing an irritant for the patient to breath in that causes a bronchospasm to show if the airway is hyperactive. (forteco.pl)
Opens1
  • You may be given medicine to inhale (breath in) that opens your airways. (medlineplus.gov)
Mathematical1
  • Finally, we highlight emerging technologies including imaging methods such as quantitative CT and hyperpolarised gas MRI as well as quantification of lung inhomogeneity using precise in-airway gas analysis and mathematical modelling. (ox.ac.uk)
Chest1
  • Chest wall volumes and respiratory muscle activity were assessed with optoelectronic plethysmography and surface electromyography, respectively. (frontiersin.org)