Africa risk hiv seropositivity. Medical search. Frequent questions

The majority of research on HIV/AIDS and mental health has been carried out among clinical populations: the time of onset of comorbid depression and the mechanisms for this are therefore unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Although there is evidence to suggest that asymptomatic people living with HIV/AIDS exhibit some cognitive deficits, the prevalence of poor cognitive functioning among people in low income settings at an early, pre-clinical stage has not yet been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
We used a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypotheses that symptoms of Common Mental Disorder (CMD) and low scores on cognitive tests would be associated with seropositivity among participants coming for testing for HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
If replicated, this may have implications for the way in which we measure and treat CMD and cognitive functioning among people living with HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
In resolution WHA53.14 the Health Assembly requested the Director-General to develop a global health-sector strategy for responding to the epidemics of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. (who.int)
In 2003, the Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA56.30, taking note of the global health-sector strategy for HIV/AIDS,1 and the next year, in resolution WHA57.12, endorsed the strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health. (who.int)
The final draft has taken into account the comments received and complements the global health-sector strategy for HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
He and his colleges later showed that Kaposi's sarcoma, an AIDS-defining disease, was not associated with HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)
15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
The mortality determinants were: prematurity, vaccination status and HIV/AIDS infection. (scirp.org)
This course is designed for all behavioral health professionals, including social workers, counselors, and marriage and family therapists, who may be involved with the care of persons with HIV or AIDS. (netce.com)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
Literature about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa was systematically searched in Pubmed, Medscape, and Psycinfo up to March 31, 2009. (hindawi.com)
The material was analyzed using Gilmore and Somerville's (1994) four processes of stigmatizing responses: the definition of the problem HIV/AIDS, identification of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), linking HIV/AIDS to immorality and other negative characteristics, and finally behavioural consequences of stigma (distancing, isolation, discrimination in care). (hindawi.com)
It was found that the cultural construction of HIV/AIDS, based on beliefs about contamination, sexuality, and religion, plays a crucial role and contributes to the strength of distancing reactions and discrimination in society. (hindawi.com)
More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended. (hindawi.com)
Although the current data show that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is stabilizing, statistics still report an unacceptably high level of infection and progress is uneven in many countries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease. (hindawi.com)
One of the barriers to reaching those who are at risk or infected with HIV/AIDS is stigma [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although the reaction to PLWHA varies, with some PLWHA receiving support which positively affects them, HIV/AIDS stigma negatively affects seeking HIV testing, seeking care after diagnosis, quality of care given to HIV patients, and finally the negative perception and treatment of PLWHA by their communities and families, including partners [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa, the origins and contents of stigma, contributing factors and the gender dimension of stigma. (hindawi.com)
another search with "HIV/AIDS'', "discrimination'' and "Africa'' gave an additional 192 abstracts (Medline 73, PsycInfo 15, and Pubmed 104). (hindawi.com)
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), non-AIDS defining conditions have become major causes of illness and death in HIV-infected patients. (blogspot.com)
The high prevalence of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and more recently, COVID-19, as well as their associated inflammatory responses, could potentially impact either virus' infectious course. (bvsalud.org)
A descriptive analysis was conducted using routine programmatic data that were collected during a 9-month implementation period (June 2018 to March 2019) for peer-assisted HIVST among FSWs, MSM, and transgender people in 6 provinces where the US Agency for International Development-and US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief-funded LINKAGES (Linkage across the Continuum of HIV Services for KP Affected by HIV) Burundi project was being implemented. (jmir.org)
Its main goal was to recognize Jonathan Mann for his commitment to the struggle against HIV/AIDS. (bvsalud.org)
These structural interventions can serve to reduce the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and address the future of the epidemic without blaming those living with the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Its main goal was to recognize a man who committed his life to the struggle against HIV/AIDS. (bvsalud.org)
In his eyes HIV/AIDS was not only a biological threat, but a social epidemic of meaning. (bvsalud.org)
Structural interventions are an effective way of understanding the implications of HIV/AIDS from a perspective that does not blame or stigmatize those that are living with the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Since the first cases of AIDS were diagnosed more than 25 years ago, the depiction of women in the scientific and political discourse of HIV/AIDS has dramatically transformed. (aphapublications.org)
The first case of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in India was detected in 1986 in the state of Tamilnadu [ 1 ] and since then the spread of HIV/AIDS across the nation has been relentless. (biomedcentral.com)
Though the majority of HIV-infected population lives in developing nations, there is a paucity of data on natural history, pattern of disease and survival of hospitalised patients with HIV/AIDS from these regions, especially India. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe a series of 135 consecutive patients with HIV/AIDS, aged 13 years and above, admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.) hospital, New Delhi during the period of January 2000 through July 2003. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). (nature.com)
Despite of that, evidence on the magnitude of HIV infection and the associated factors and HIV/AIDS services uptake among fisherfolk in Tanzania are inadequately explored. (biomedcentral.com)
This study therefore aimed at determining prevalence of HIV infection and utilization of HIV/AIDS services among fishfolk in selected Islands of Lake Victoria for evidence-based interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
The uptake of key HIV/AIDS curative and preventive services was generally low. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV pandemic is the major public health challenge of the present decade with about 36.7 million people lived with HIV/AIDS globally in the year 2015 with only 17 million on antiretroviral treatment (ART) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV/AIDS is responsible for social and economic growth impediment in developing countries affecting all sectors together without excluding fishing communities [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The enormous prevalence of AIDS, along with several other grave communicable disease endemics in this group, is not mere inexplicable chance, and we shall go into a few of the other health risks. (fourwinds10.com)
2 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS . (ihsn.org)

Progress has been made in understanding factors contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in HIV between among men who have sex with men (MSM). (biomedcentral.com)
These biological factors are believed to impact the two key determinants of HIV transmission risk: the HIV viral load in the PLHIV's blood and genital secretions, and the number and density of HIV-susceptible cells in the sex partner (generally within their penile, vaginal, or anal mucosa) who is a person not living with HIV (non-PLHIV) [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Serological tests by the indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM were carried out on 200 pregnant women (36 HIV-positive and 164 HIV-negative) at the Protestant Hospital of Mbouo-Bandjoun in western Cameroon to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and to identify the risk factors associated with seropositivity of the subjects. (ajol.info)
Among the few known factors that lower a woman's risk of breast cancer is her number of child births. (wikipedia.org)
The prevalence of antibodies to HHV-8 varies widely with age, geography, and certain risk factors. (hiv.gov)
Aetiology, outcome, and risk factors for mortality among adults with acute pneumonia in Kenya. (ox.ac.uk)
We did this study to define the aetiology of acute pneumonia, to estimate mortality at convalescence, and to analyse mortality risk-factors. (ox.ac.uk)
The authors identified an abrupt increase in blood pressure, with or without renal impairment, as well as immunosuppressive therapy as risk factors. (mpconsulting.co.za)
In order to contribute to reduction of morbidity and mortality due to low acute respiratory infections in pediatrics, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile and to identify the factors favoring and those associated with the risk of deceased. (scirp.org)
The frequency and severity of ALRIs necessitates a strengthened program of integrated management of childhood illnesses, and public health actions targeting the factors that promote and contribute to the risk of death. (scirp.org)
In order to contribute to the reduction of the morbidity and the mortality relative to the ALRIs of children in Brazzaville, this study set itself the objective of determining their epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary profiles and to identify the favoring factors and those associated with the risk of death. (scirp.org)
The aetiology, risk factors, natural history and consequent treatment are not well defined. (scielo.org.za)
Knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire with 28 statements on general knowledge, risk factors and diagnosis of tuberculosis. (who.int)
Oman also attracts a large ment of TB is to ascertain the understanding labour force from parts of the world known in society of its risk factors, mode of trans- to have epidemics of infectious diseases mission and diagnosis. (who.int)
Among homosexual men, receptive anal intercourse and contact with a large number of different sexual partners are the most important risk factors. (health.am)
While presenting an overview of both viruses' biphasic life cycles, this review aims to highlight the importance of co-infections in the correct identification of risk factors for and diagnoses of EBV- and/or KSHV-associated pathologies, particularly in SSA, where both oncogenic herpesviruses as well as other infectious agents are highly pervasive and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors that were independently associated with HIV seropositivity among FSWs and MSM who used HIVST kits. (jmir.org)
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate prevalence of cancer risk factors among Chinese PLWHA based on 102 articles. (nature.com)
The prevalence of major cancer risk factors was high among PLWHA in China, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to reduce cancer risk in this high-risk group. (nature.com)
Numerous independent studies have reported prevalence of cancer risk factors among PLWHA in China. (nature.com)
However, the researches vary in time and geographic areas, and do not provide a comprehensive overview of cancer risk factors epidemics for PLWHA in China. (nature.com)
We conducted a meta-analysis among PLWHA in China to describe the prevalence of major cancer risk factors including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity, and cancer-related viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). (nature.com)

This review looks at the burden of HIV infection in Somali and the impact of civil war on its epidemiology. (who.int)
In this review we look at the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Somalia and the impact of civil war on its epidemiology. (who.int)
BACKGROUND: Despite a substantial disease burden, there is little descriptive epidemiology of acute pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa. (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: We examined the epidemiology and transmission potential of HIV population viral load (VL) in 12 sub-Saharan African countries. (cdc.gov)
However, so far, evidence has shown that the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa has been different from the Americas, China, and Europe [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Susie Hoffman was with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies and the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY. (aphapublications.org)

The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)-also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-varies worldwide and is estimated to be 1% to 5% in the general U.S. population 1,2 compared with 10% to 20% in certain Mediterranean countries and 30% to 80% in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. (hiv.gov)
Among MSM without HIV infection, the seroprevalence ranges from 13% to 20% and HHV-8 seroprevalence increases to 30% to 35% among MSM with HIV infection. (hiv.gov)
Assuming HPV16 E6 seroprevalence reflects HPV attributable fraction, the proportion of certain noncervical-HPV-related cancers caused by HPV is increasing over time in South Africa. (who.int)
The spatial distribution of HIV seroprevalence, viremia prevalence, and number of unsuppressed adults often differed substantially within the same countries. (cdc.gov)
With the aim to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its association with HIV-related clinical parameters in non-hospitalized patients likely to be highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2, this observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gugulethu Community Health Centre Antiretroviral clinic between October 2020 and June 2021, after the first COVID-19 wave in South Africa and during the second and beginning of the third wave. (bvsalud.org)

This study investigated the impact of prevalent and incident HSV-2 infection on the incidence of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of female commercial sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. (nih.gov)
When HSV-2 seroconversion was analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, the hazard ratio for HIV-1 seroconversion was 6.0 (95% CI: 2.6-14.0) times greater among women with incident than among women with prevalent HSV-2 infections. (nih.gov)
In another paper based on field work in Zambia he showed that HIV infection was prevalent in that part of Africa (overall 17.5% seropositivity, being 37.5% among patients repeatedly seen in the STD clinic) and that HIV was transmitted heterosexually. (wikipedia.org)
In South Africa, high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 occurs primarily in densely populated, low-income communities, which are additionally burdened by highly prevalent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (bvsalud.org)

Prior to a vaginal microbicide trial, 416 women were screened for antibodies to HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections and a questionnaire was used to establish behavioral, social, and demographic characteristics. (nih.gov)
A total of 187 HIV-1-seronegative women were followed up at monthly intervals when blood was drawn and used to detect HIV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies. (nih.gov)
Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the secondary level of educational, presence of HIV infection, and frequency of close contacts with cats were significantly associated with the prevalence of IgG and/or IgM antibodies. (ajol.info)
ECSA Scientific Day 2023 (23 November 2023): Antibodies against high-risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV-related cancers in a black South African population, according to HIV status. (who.int)
Antibodies against E6, E7 and L1 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured in sera of 535 cases of noncervical HPV-related cancers (anal (n=104), vulval (n=211), vaginal (n=49), penile (n=37) and oropharyngeal (n=134)) and 6,651 non-infection-related cancer controls, from the Johannesburg Cancer Study that recruited Black South African with newly diagnosed cancer between 1995 and 2016. (who.int)
Most importantly, at 7 months, the seroconversion rate (in this case the proportion of vaccinated patients who developed antibodies against a specific type of the virus) was superior to 93% for all four HPV types targeted by the vaccine, similarly to what was observed for HIV-1 infected US girls, or for HIV-1 negative adolescents from Kenya and Ghana. (fredhutch.org)
Seven months after the first dose of vaccine was administered, HPV antibody titer was correlated to CD4 cell count (the fewer CD4 T cells the fewer HPV antibodies in circulation) and inversely correlated to plasma HIV-1 RNA. (fredhutch.org)
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce greater complement activation and decreased viremia and Nef antibodies in men with HIV-1. (amedeo.com)
We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to (1) strengthen the evidence on the association between HPV antibodies acquired through past infection and subsequent type-specific HPV detection, (2) investigate the potential influence of type-specific HPV antibody levels, and (3) assess differential effects by HIV status. (biomedcentral.com)

however, little is known regarding the prevalence of HIV/STI co-infections among Black men in Toronto. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the past several decades, effective ways to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as improved medical management for people living with HIV (PLHIV), have become widely available in high-income countries. (biomedcentral.com)
other sexually transmitted infections enhance the sexual transmission of HIV: genital herpes specifically, and genital ulcers in general, increase the transmission of HIV 50-300-fold per episode of unprotected sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. (hindawi.com)
To determine if hepatitis C virus seropositivity and active hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive patients vary with patients' geographic origins, we studied co-infections in HIV-seropositive adults. (blogspot.com)
Several studies have addressed HBV and HCV prevalence in migrants and ethnic minorities (9,10), but few studied viral hepatitis co-infections in HIV-infected persons according to the patients' geographic origins (11,12). (blogspot.com)
In Spain, as in other high-income countries, migrants from developing countries represent a growing proportion of persons with HIV-infections (13). (blogspot.com)
1,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and with unsuppressed viral load (viremic), the prevalence of unsuppressed HIV (population viremia), sex-specific HIV transmission ratios (number female incident HIV-1 infections/number unsuppressed male PLHIV per 100 persons-years [PY] and vice versa) and examined correlations between a variety of VL metrics and incident HIV. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to document the spectrum and determine the frequency of various opportunistic infections (OIs) and non-infectious opportunistic diseases, in hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. (biomedcentral.com)
New HIV infections in Tanzania have been decreasing, however some populations remain at higher risk. (biomedcentral.com)
Prior sexually transmitted infections and HIV in mpox patients, Chicago, Illinois-(June 2022-March 2023. (amedeo.com)
1.HIV infections - diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
2.HIV infections - therapy. (bvsalud.org)

In his thesis work, entitled "The natural history of HTLV-III infection", from 1986, he described the natural history of HIV (first named HTLV-III) based on studies of homosexual men, hemophiliacs, and African populations. (wikipedia.org)
However, HPV seroepidemiology in noncervical HPV-related cancers remains poorly understood, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (who.int)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected populations are at particular risk for HPV-related cancers. (fredhutch.org)
The development and spread of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) reduces the risk for HPV-associated malignancies, but the incidence is still greater in HIV-1 infected populations. (fredhutch.org)
In Burundi, given the low testing numbers among key populations (KPs), peer-assisted HIV self-testing (HIVST) was initiated for female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender people to provide another testing option. (jmir.org)
This study aims to improve access to HIV testing for underserved KPs, improve diagnoses of HIV serostatus among key populations, and link those who were confirmed HIV positive to life-saving treatment for epidemic control. (jmir.org)
Background: Determinants of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity among children living in sub-Saharan African populations where infection is endemic are not well understood. (umu.ac.ug)
The magnitude of HIV infection among fisherfolk was up to 3 times higher than that of the general populations in Muleba and Buchosa districts. (biomedcentral.com)
More precise and comparable data about the risk of poliomyelitis could be obtained in future surveys by incorporating a standard case definition, by using house- to- house case- finding methods in representative community- based samples, by analyzing and presenting rates in more clearly defined ways, and by selecting stable populations for study. (who.int)
In addition, estimates of self-reported risk for HIV from the Cycle 6 National the size and characteristics of Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) are compared with data from other recent national populations at elevated risk for surveys. (cdc.gov)

0.025), but not HIV viral load (VL) (p=0.33) or antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) exposure (p=0.70). (bvsalud.org)
95.3% of the cohort was on antiretroviral therapy (ART), had a median CD4 count of 220 cells/µL (range 17-604 cells/µL) and a median HIV viral load (VL) of 49 copies/mL (range 1-1,050,867 copies/mL). (bvsalud.org)

HIV-related, classic endemic, and iatrogenic) and with two rare neoplastic conditions usually associated with HIV infection: body cavity-based lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (a B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural space), and multicentric Castleman disease (non-cancerous tumors that may develop in lymph nodes in a single site or in multiple sites throughout the body). (hiv.gov)

These routine services include healthcare for maternal and child health, women's health, including contraceptive care, management of common communicable diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis (TB) and management of chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and mental health. (mpconsulting.co.za)

Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were present in 37/307 (12.1%) and 11/51 (21.6%) of the HIV -positive patients , respectively, with no statistically significant association between either of these cytopenias and iAIDS, exposure to ART or VL.Conclusions. (bvsalud.org)

A study evaluating a linkage-to-care initiative for those experiencing homelessness in New Orleans, LA during the COVD-19 Pandemic found effective strategies in connecting HIV and HCV patients with follow-up care. (natap.org)
20 Notably, KS is a common cancer in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 21 fueled in part by the HIV pandemic, and incidence has not declined in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where ART coverage is increasing but incomplete. (hiv.gov)
A 2021 publication reflected the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine primary healthcare services (PHC) in South Africa (SA) between 2019 and 2020. (mpconsulting.co.za)
By August 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has been less severe in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere. (biomedcentral.com)

The HIV epidemic in South Africa (SA) has had a substantial impact on laboratory services, at least partially owing to the well-described propensity to cytopenias in HIV -positive patients .Objectives. (bvsalud.org)
He also documented that the epidemic in Zambia was new, setting the scene for what to expect in other parts of Africa, if drastic preventive measures were not taken immediately. (wikipedia.org)
Population-level VL metrics help monitor the epidemic and highlight key programmatic gaps in these African countries. (cdc.gov)
After adjustment for assay characteristics and applying population weights, seropositivity reached peaks in October 2020 (18.5%) and May 2021 (64.9%) reflecting the first two epidemic waves. (biomedcentral.com)
3 Meanwhile, men who have sex with women remain a forgotten group in the epidemic, 4 almost entirely unaddressed in HIV prevention programs. (aphapublications.org)
How, why, and for whom did women become the primary vulnerable victims of the HIV epidemic? (aphapublications.org)

HIV status data was extracted from clinical records. (biomedcentral.com)
Is there an indication for serologic testing for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in asymptomatic HIV-infected children (compared with not testing) to guide clinical management? (hiv.gov)
Recent reports of KS occurring at higher CD4 cell counts in the United States 26,27 suggest that clinicians caring for patients with HIV should be vigilant for the clinical manifestations of KS in patients at risk of HHV-8 infection, regardless of CD4 cell count. (hiv.gov)
In 2019, Discovery Health published an article in the South African Medical Journal describing its use of service claims data to determine standardised mortality rates, across hospital systems, for specific clinical conditions (i.e., acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, pneumonia and acute stroke). (mpconsulting.co.za)
Standard testing included HIV testing by clinical staff either at mobile clinics in the community or in facilities. (jmir.org)
Syphilis infection during pregnancy: fetal risks and clinical management. (scielo.br)
Endocarditis with negative culture findings and seropositivity (culture positivity and seropositivity or culture negativity and seronegativity are relatively uncommon) is the main clinical presentation of chronic Q fever, usually occurring in patients with preexisting cardiac disease including valve defects, rheumatic heart disease, and prosthetic valves. (medscape.com)

among these, ¶ HBsAg seropositivity is an indicator of chronic HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
Women with chronic HBV infection have an increased risk for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). (xiahepublishing.com)

Because no specific treatment exists for YF, prevention is critical to reduce disease risk. (cdc.gov)
To be effective and provide compassionate care, adequate and up-to-date information about transmission, prevention, and care of HIV-infected individuals must be obtained by all behavioral health professionals. (netce.com)
The very framing of this topic shows both the strengths and the limits of the current international language of HIV prevention. (bvsalud.org)
It is highly important both to emphasize prevention and to recognise that some groups, because of particular behaviours, are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. (bvsalud.org)
Most HIV prevention literature portrays women as especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of biological susceptibility and men's sexual power and privilege. (aphapublications.org)
Conversely, heterosexual men are perceived as active transmitters of HIV but not active agents in prevention. (aphapublications.org)
ACIP also approved prevention through vaccination is critical to reduce morbidity recommendations for at-risk laboratory personnel and certain and mortality from yellow fever virus infection. (cdc.gov)
HIV prevention among men who have sex with men: tenofovir alafenamide combination preexposure prophylaxis versus placebo. (amedeo.com)

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV and describe the access to HIV testing and care among adult patients with recent-onset psychosis who were admitted to a psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa. (sajp.org.za)

Correlations between VL measures and incident HIV varied, were weaker for VL metrics among females compared to males and were strongest for the number of unsuppressed PLHIV per 100 HIV-negative adults (R2 = 0.92). (cdc.gov)

the prevalence of syphilis and high-risk HPV were also increased in men living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
Men with a history of syphilis (OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.68,15.71), genital warts (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.79,10.43) or genital ulcers (OR = 21.3, 95% CI: 1.89,239.51) had an increased odds of HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Estimations indicate that from 2008 to 2009, seropositivity for syphilis among pregnant women who attended prenatal consultations ranged from 0.06% in the Mediterranean region to 2.13% in Africa, and approximately 1.4 million pregnant women worldwide are infected with Treponema pallidum 4 4. (scielo.br)

Public health strategies are also needed to reduce disproportionate HIV/STI burden among Black MSM-including improving HPV vaccine coverage. (biomedcentral.com)
Their finding has tremendous importance because it suggests that a vaccine against high-risk HPV types, not only protects against cervical cancer but also anal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
YF vaccine is recommended for persons aged ≥9 months who are traveling to or living in areas with risk for YF virus transmission [CDC 2010]. (cdc.gov)
A preventive HIV vaccine is given to people who do not have HIV, with the goal of preventing HIV infection by inducing protective anti-HIV immune responses. (mpconsulting.co.za)
These children would likely benefit from the HPV vaccine if the vaccine strategy was efficient despite HIV-1 infection. (fredhutch.org)
The work of Nelly Mugo (University of Washington), Dr. Anna Wald (Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division) and Dr. Denise Galloway (Human Biology Division), in collaboration with Dr. Dalton Wamalwa (University of Nairobi, Kenya), shows the efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine, in HIV-1 infected girls and boys in Africa. (fredhutch.org)
At month 12, the seropositivity rates were still superior to 90% for type 6, 11 ,16, and 72.5% for type 18, meaning that the qHPV vaccine is highly immunogenic. (fredhutch.org)
This is the first report demonstrating that qHPV vaccine is as efficient in HIV-1 infected adolescents in Africa compared to infected adolescents from developed countries (with higher standards of care) or HIV-1 uninfected adolescents (not immunosuppressed). (fredhutch.org)
The authors also sought to assess the effect of HIV-1 infection stage on vaccine efficacy. (fredhutch.org)
Even though HIV-1 related immunosuppression reduces the titer of HPV antibody, the seroconversion rate is so high that the authors do not expect that to be a limitation to the vaccine efficacy. (fredhutch.org)
The authors point out that the World Health Organization and American Cancer Society recently approved a new schedule for HPV vaccine reducing the vaccination protocol from three to two doses, which may not be as efficient as the three-dose protocol in HIV-infected adolescents. (fredhutch.org)
education for healthcare providers, and a controlled temperature chain (CTC) system for HBV vaccine, would help to lower MTCT rates in selected areas such as the Sub-Saharan Africa. (xiahepublishing.com)
2-week stay, the estimated risk for illness attributed to yellow data on yellow fever vaccine immunogenicity and safety. (cdc.gov)
for South America, the risk for illness is vaccine booster doses was evaluated using the Grading of five cases per 100,000 population ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Protein dose-sparing effect of AS01B adjuvant in a randomized preventive HIV vaccine trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and adjuvanted bivalent subtype C gp120. (amedeo.com)

Condom use is the most effective means of preventing HIV infection among individuals who engage in oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse. (health.am)

WHO African Regional Committee endorsed targets for a by 2020. (cdc.gov)

People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). (natap.org)
In HIV-infected patients, chronic liver conditions are mostly caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (3,4). (blogspot.com)
Hepatitis C treatment in people living with HIV: Potential to eliminate disease and disparity. (amedeo.com)

Asia, the Middle East and Africa [ 2 ] where towards TB have been little reported in the there is a relatively high incidence of TB. (who.int)

Among HIV-infected children, does initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (as compared with non-initiation) reduce the risk of Kaposi sarcoma? (hiv.gov)
He had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a CD4 count of 151cells/mm 3 , and had been on highly active antiretroviral therapy for four years. (scielo.org.za)
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy preserves the metabolic function of CD4+ T-cells in subtype C HIV-1 infection. (amedeo.com)

9 Patients who are HHV-8 seropositive and exhibit HHV-8 viremia are at increased risk (approximately nine-fold) for developing KS relative to those without HHV-8 viremia. (hiv.gov)
Plasmatic HIV-1 soluble gp120 is associated with correlates of immune dysfunction and inflammation in ART-treated individuals with undetectable viremia. (amedeo.com)

Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. (cdc.gov)
These to sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. (cdc.gov)

SAGE noted that future studies and surveillance data should be used to identify specific risk groups, such as infants or persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who could benefit from a booster dose. (cdc.gov)
We report an unusual case of SEP of the colon in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient. (scielo.org.za)
In 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, the immunodeficiency resulting from HIV-1 infection automatically sensitizes this population to persistent infection by HPV and may facilitate tumor escape from immune surveillance. (fredhutch.org)
Literature on the spectrum of opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from developing countries is sparse. (biomedcentral.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and psychosis share a complex bidirectional relationship, with people living with HIV being at increased risk of psychosis and those with psychosis at increased risk of HIV. (sajp.org.za)
Objective-- This report presents national estimates of the percentage and number of This report is intended to provide persons in the U.S. population aged 15-44 who report behaviors that place them at reliable national estimates of some basic increased risk for acquiring or transmitting human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. (cdc.gov)
Methods-- Data from the NSFG Cycle 6, conducted by the Centers for Disease immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), are based virus that causes acquired on interviews with a national sample of the household population of the United States. (cdc.gov)

Our findings provide tentative evidence to suggest that low cognitive test scores (and possibly depressive symptoms) may be associated with HIV status among people who have yet to receive their HIV test results. (biomedcentral.com)
In a later paper he and his group substantiated their findings reporting a highly significant association between number of sexual partners and risk of anal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
The study findings suggest the importance of integrating mental health and HIV management. (sajp.org.za)

African, Caribbean, and Black (Black) men account for 16.5% of new HIV diagnoses among men in Ontario. (biomedcentral.com)

This can be further substantiated by analyzing the overlap between the opioid and HIV/HCV epidemics with the homeless at the epicenter of both. (natap.org)

The risk of neonatal transmission is increased if vaginal delivery occurs during acute maternal infection. (medscape.com)
HPV16-E6 seropositivity ranged from 24.0% to 35.1% in anal, vulval, vaginal and penile cancer but was significantly lower (11.2%) in oropharyngeal cancer. (who.int)

After controlling for the effects of confounders, the association between CMD and seropositivity was no longer statistically significant (AOR = 1.56, 0.86-2.85). (biomedcentral.com)

2010). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure standard mammogram form and the interactive kinase in response to estradiol in breast cancer in oesophageal tissue and risk of oesophageal threshold measurement methods. (who.int)

In their study, Nelly Mugo and colleagues reported no serious adverse events related to vaccination, which confirmed the absence of toxicity of the vaccination strategy in HIV-1 infected patients after 12 months. (fredhutch.org)

A psychiatric hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KZN province, South Africa. (sajp.org.za)

In 1984, he showed that in Danish gay men, HIV infection occurred via sexual contact with gay men in the US and that the primary route was anal receptive intercourse. (wikipedia.org)
Tenofovir Douche as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Receptive Anal Intercourse: Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetics, & Pharmacodynamics (DREAM 01). (amedeo.com)
Cumulative detection of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions over two-year follow-up in men who have sex with men living with HIV in France. (amedeo.com)

and (ii) to document the prevalence of cytopenias among HIV -positive patients in this setting. (bvsalud.org)
Of the HIV -positive patients , 63.2% had one or more cytopenia/s. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, all three patients who tested seropositive for HIV either started or re-initiated anti-viral treatment. (natap.org)
During the study period, 108 patients were tested for HIV and/or HCV and six patients were excluded because they were a non-homeless employee of the temporary housing site who received testing or completed treatment prior to the study. (natap.org)
Therefore, routine testing to identify HHV-8-seropositive, HIV-infected patients is not recommended (strong, very low) . (hiv.gov)
For HIV-infected patients initiating ART, are any specific ART regimens associated with lower rates of Kaposi sarcoma? (hiv.gov)
Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART is recommended for all patients with evidence of active Kaposi sarcoma and other HHV-8-associated malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (strong, very low) . (hiv.gov)
Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma may prevent Kaposi sarcoma progression or occurrence of new lesions and may decrease risk of recurrence after remission. (hiv.gov)
Individuals at risk for toxoplasmosis include fetuses, newborns, and immunologically impaired patients. (medscape.com)
It isolates people from the community and affects the overall quality of life of HIV patients [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The question we addressed in our study was whether HCV seropositivity and active HBV infection in HIV-positive patients vary with the patients' geographic origins. (blogspot.com)
Results from the phase 3 VICTORIA trial (n = 5050) showed that in patients with symptomatic chronic HF (New York Heart Association class II-IV) and left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 45%, vericiguat was superior to placebo in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization. (medscape.com)
One hundred and thirty five consecutive, HIV-infected patients (age 34 ± 10 years, females 17%) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India, for the evaluation and management of an OI or HIV-related disorder between January 2000 and July 2003, were studied. (biomedcentral.com)
A wide spectrum of disease, including both OIs and non-infectious opportunistic diseases, is seen in hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. (biomedcentral.com)
A.I.I.M.S. is a large tertiary level teaching hospital and referral centre located in north India, attending to HIV-infected patients apart from others. (biomedcentral.com)
Decision to admit was taken by the treating physician and all patients were hospitalised for the evaluation and treatment of a suspected OI or HIV-related disorder. (biomedcentral.com)

Among HIV-infected children with active Kaposi sarcoma, is treatment with ART (as compared with no ART) associated with higher rates of remission and/or decreased mortality? (hiv.gov)
Among HIV-infected children with active Kaposi sarcoma, is treatment with chemotherapy in addition to ART (as compared with ART alone) associated with higher rates of remission and/or decreased mortality? (hiv.gov)
Among HIV-infected children treated with ART who develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), is chemotherapy in addition to continuation of ART (compared with no chemotherapy) associated with higher rates of remission and/or decreased mortality? (hiv.gov)
HIV-1 seropositivity, found in 52%, was not associated with mortality. (ox.ac.uk)
They are responsible of mortality and morbidity through the world, particularly in the African meningitis belt. (santetropicale.com)

A non-concurrent cohort study was performed assessing follow up in the treatment of HIV and HCV for this population. (natap.org)
Associations between HIV and Severe Mpox in an Atlanta Cohort. (amedeo.com)

We searched Embase and Medline databases to identify studies which prospectively assessed the risk of type-specific HPV detection by baseline homologous HPV serostatus among unvaccinated individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we pooled estimates from publications reporting associations between HPV serostatus and type-specific HPV detection by baseline HIV status. (biomedcentral.com)
We found evidence of protective effects of baseline HPV seropositivity and subsequent detection of HPV DNA (0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.80, N E = 11) and persistent HPV positivity (0.65, 95% CI 0.42-1.01, N E = 5) mainly for HPV-16 among females, but not among males, nor for HPV-18. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we did not observe any differential effect by baseline HIV status due to the limited number of studies available. (biomedcentral.com)

Logistic regression models were constructed to assess whether or not history of STIs were associated with current HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The associations between STIs and current HIV infection highlight the need for integrated of HIV/STI screening and treatment programs for Black men. (biomedcentral.com)
However, due to the ongoing war HIV sentinel surveillance cannot reach most of the affected areas in Somalia and the current HIV infection problem may be greater than the figures indicate. (who.int)

HIV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). (health.am)
Although the majority of sexually transmitted cases reported in the United States occur via male homosexual activity, heterosexual transmission is one of the fastest growing modes of transmission reported in the United States and is the primary mode of disease acquisition in many African countries, where male-to-female prevalence ratios are approximately 1.1:1. (health.am)
Finerenone is indicated to reduce risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
Prolonged mpox disease in people with advanced HIV: characterization of mpox skin lesions. (amedeo.com)
Including those who were treated for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, conducted between March 2002 and 11.9 percent of persons 15-44 years of age--13.0 percent males and 10.8 percent of March 2003 in the homes of 12,571 females--were at risk of HIV in 2002. (cdc.gov)

After adjustment for HIV, prevalence of which increased from 22.2% in 1995-2005 to 54.1% in 2010-2016, HPV16 E6 seropositivity increased by period of diagnosis (aPR for 2010-2016 versus 1995-2006=1.84;95%CI:1.1-3.0). (who.int)

2002, the sixth in a series of national behaviors in the past year that put them at increased risk of HIV, and 1.5 percent had reproductive health surveys that have engaged in drug use behaviors that put them at risk. (cdc.gov)

Insertive rectal intercourse, fellatio, and ingestion of semen are associated with HIV transmission to a lesser degree. (health.am)
Because HIV exists in saliva, albeit in very low titers, deep French kissing cannot be considered absolutely safe even though the likelihood of HIV transmission is extremely low. (health.am)
Even under the best of circumstances, a 5 to 15% failure rate has been noted among couples using condoms as their sole means of contraception, and HIV transmission has been reported in discordant couples using condoms. (health.am)
Since the discovery of HIV, scientists have made major inroads in understanding modes of transmission, infectivity, and pathogenicity. (netce.com)
Stigma enhances secrecy and denial, which are also catalysts for HIV transmission [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
HIV transmission ratios varied widely across countries and were higher for male-to-female (range: 2.3-28.3/100 PY) than for female-to-male transmission (range: 1.5-10.6/100 PY). (cdc.gov)
Heterosexual transmission was the commonest mode of HIV-acquisition. (biomedcentral.com)
As fisheries become more unified into the National economy and employment of many stakeholders, the chances that mobile fisherfolk become a bridge population linking areas with high HIV transmission and those with low magnifies. (biomedcentral.com)

At screening 50% of the women were HIV-1 seropositive and 84% were HSV-2 seropositive. (nih.gov)
The hazards of HIV-1 among women who were HSV-2 seropositive or seronegative throughout, or among those who seroconverted during the study, were not significantly different. (nih.gov)
In total, 25/102 (24.5%) tested seropositive for HCV and 3/98 (3.1%) tested seropositive for HIV (Table 1). (natap.org)
Approximately 90% of HIV-positive individuals are seropositive for HSV-1, and about 77% of HIV-positive individuals are seropositive for HSV-2. (medscape.com)

The model tends to ignore how heterosexual men contracted HIV themselves and how variability in biosocial and cultural contexts influences women's and men's probability of infection if exposed. (aphapublications.org)

5 Hafele Street, Durbanville, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa publishing(AT)aosis.co.za replace (AT) with @ All articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated. (sajp.org.za)

However, Ontario's Black population (3.9% of the total population) comprises approximately 22.5% of people living with HIV in the province. (biomedcentral.com)
Somalia, situated on the Horn of Africa, has suffered a massive internal population displacement and exodus that began in 1988 with the rebellion in the north of the country, causing refugees to flee to camps in Ethiopia and Kenya. (who.int)
The African Region, one of the six WHO regions, with a population of approximately 1.2 billion persons, includes 47 countries. (cdc.gov)

4.HIV seropositivity - complications. (bvsalud.org)

Girls' offspring are at increased risk for although we focus on African countries, similar arguments premature birth and death as neonates, infants, or children. (cdc.gov)
HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs versally dispensed to all infants at birth [ 8 ]. (who.int)
HIV) or infants, who might benefit from a booster dose. (cdc.gov)

11 ] Similarly, the seropositivity of Anti-MOG+ cases was 20% for AQP4 seronegative cases in the study. (lww.com)

Cross-sectional study determining status of HIV infection among fisherfolk ( n = 456) and retrospective review of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) registry ( n = 1744) were done in Buchosa and Muleba districts. (biomedcentral.com)

95%CI 1.23-4.15] predicted the likelihood of contracting HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Higher age, using alcohol and lack of formal education predicted increased likelihood of HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Organisms8

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science1

Named Groups2

Health Care10

Geographicals11

AIDS42

Factors22

Epidemiology6

Seroprevalence5

Prevalent4

Antibodies9

Infections13

Populations10

Viral load2

Associated with HIV infection1

Tuberculosis1

Conclusions1

Pandemic4

Epidemic6

Clinical7

Chronic HBV infection2

Prevention8

KwaZulu-Natal1

Metrics1

Syphilis3

Vaccine15

Preventing HIV infection1

20201

Hepatitis3

Incidence1

Antiretroviral therapy3

Viremia2

South America2

Immunodeficiency8

Findings3

Diagnoses1

Epidemics1

Vaginal2

Statistically significant1

Methods1

Vaccination1

Pietermaritzburg1

Anal3

Patients16

Mortality5

Cohort2

Baseline4

Current HIV infection3

Disease5

Diagnosis1

Reproductive Health1

Transmission8

Seropositive4

Women's1

Cape Town1

Population3

Complications1

Infants3

Similarly1

Retrospective1

Likelihood2