• Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • In mice, adipocyte MHCII increased within 2 weeks on HFD, paralleling increases in proinflammatory ART markers and decreases in anti-inflammatory ART markers, and preceding adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation and proinflammatory M1 polarization. (nih.gov)
  • We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. (dtu.dk)
  • Adipogenesis continues throughout the life of adipose tissue, with continual differentiation of preadipocytes essential to maintaining tissue function during aging, and UPP alterations in mature adipocytes are likely to directly modulate adipose function during aging. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Taken together, these data demonstrate that changes in the UPP occur in response to adipose aging and adipogenesis and strongly suggest that proteasome inhibition is sufficient to decrease adipose differentiation, as well as increasing oxidative stress in mature adipocytes, both of which probably promote deleterious effects on adipose aging. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inactivation of TCF7L2 protein attained by removing the high-mobility group (HMG)-box DNA binding domain in mature adipocytes in vivo leads to whole-body glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, we want to understand the very early changes in insulin signalling and glucose transport in mature adipocytes, and how this is related to cell size. (lu.se)
  • The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)
  • Microarray analysis of primary adipocytes revealed that multiple genes involved in MHCII antigen processing and presentation increased in obese women. (nih.gov)
  • Mouse 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes activated T cells in an antigen-specific, contact-dependent manner, indicating that adipocyte MHCII is functional. (nih.gov)
  • Most PPARγ binding sites previously mapped in 3T3-L1 adipocytes can also be detected in primary adipocytes, but there are a large number of PPARγ binding sites that are specific to the primary cells, and these tend to be located in closed chromatin regions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Hansen JS, de Maré S, Jones HA, Göransson O and Lindkvist-Petersson K. Visualization of lipid directed dynamics of perilipin 1 in human primary adipocytes. (lu.se)
  • Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure. (dtu.dk)
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether the mean size of fat cells in either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue has an impact on the metabolic and inflammatory profiles in morbid obesity. (nih.gov)
  • Visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipocyte size was significantly associated with plasma apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols (p ranging from 0.002 to 0.015, partial r ranging from 0.3 to 0.4). (nih.gov)
  • Subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipocyte size was significantly associated with plasma insulin and glucose, insulin-induced glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity (p ranging from 0.002 to 0.005, partial r ranging from -0.34 to 0.35). (nih.gov)
  • Large fat cells in the visceral region are linked to dyslipidaemia, whereas large subcutaneous adipocytes are important for glucose and insulin abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • We assessed epicardial adipocyte size, comparing it with that from subcutaneous fat and peritoneal fat. (univr.it)
  • Results: Adipocytes in epicardial fat were significantly smaller than those in subcutaneous and peritoneal fat. (univr.it)
  • Adipocyte size, both in epicardial and in subcutaneous fat, is positively related with insulin resistance, shows negative association with local adiponectin gene expression, and is decreased in subjects with coronary artery disease. (univr.it)
  • This phenotype is associated with increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • The adult unilocular subcutaneous adipose cells have the potential in vitro to redifferentiate in osteoblast (transdifferentiation). (bvsalud.org)
  • Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
  • Classically the fat mass expansion results with an increase in the volume (hypertrophy) and the number (hyperplasia) of adipocytes [ 5 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
  • The circadian clock component NR1D1 (REVERBα) is considered a dominant regulator of lipid metabolism, with global Nr1d1 deletion driving dysregulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis and obesity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. (dtu.dk)
  • In contrast to white adipocytes, which contain a single lipid droplet, brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of (iron-containing) mitochondria, which gives the tissue its color. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hyperplasia (many small adipocytes) in both adipose regions may be protective against lipid as well as glucose/insulin abnormalities in obesity. (nih.gov)
  • PBM-treated hypertrophic cells (1064 nm and 17.6 J/cm2 every day for 7 days following addition of PA) decreased the lipid levels in hypertrophic adipocytes, restored the GLUT4 protein expression and enhanced glucose transport. (google.com)
  • Here we show region-specific variation in MAT adipocyte development, regulation, size, lipid composition, gene expression and genetic determinants. (wustl.edu)
  • Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes and contain multitudes of small (multilocular) lipid droplets. (news-medical.net)
  • The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
  • If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)
  • the effects of hypoxia and fibrosis may also play a role in obesity complications via notably ectopic-lipid accumulation in non-adipocyte cells. (springer.com)
  • Thus, in the postprandial period especially, there is an excess flux of circulating lipid metabolites that would normally have been 'absorbed' by adipose tissue. (cambridge.org)
  • Adipose tissue is primarily composed of lipid-filled adipocytes, which arise from adipocyte precursor cells during embryonic and postnatal development. (yale.edu)
  • Our results indicate that cyclooxygenase-dependent induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues is important for diet-induced thermogenesis providing support for a surprising role of COX activity in the control of energy balance and obesity development. (ku.dk)
  • Impairments in the UPP occur during the aging of a variety of tissues, although little is known in regards to age-related alterations to the UPP during the aging of adipose tissue. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The present article discusses how accumulation of triacylglycerol in adipocytes can lead to deterioration of the responsiveness of glucose metabolism in other tissues. (cambridge.org)
  • In lipodystrophy there is insufficient adipose tissue to absorb the postprandial influx of fatty acids, so these fatty acids will again be directed to other tissues. (cambridge.org)
  • RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- We examined Lcn2 expression in murine tissues and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence and absence of various stimuli. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • They were initially found in the bone marrow [ 11 ] but can also be found in other tissues, such as adipose, periosteum, muscle, placenta, and trabecular bone [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we have employed chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing to map and compare PPARγ binding in in vitro differentiated primary mouse adipocytes isolated from epididymal, inguinal, and brown adipose tissues. (nih.gov)
  • abstract = 'BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. (ku.dk)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone marrow (BM-MSC) with those extracted from adipose tissue (AT-MSC) of adult dogs. (scielo.br)
  • The UPP is known to be involved in regulating the differentiation of a variety of cell types, although the potential changes in the UPP during adipose differentiation have not been fully elucidated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • How the UPP is altered in aging adipose tissue and adipocyte differentiation and the effects of proteasome inhibition on adipocyte homeostasis and differentiation are critical issues to elucidate experimentally. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Additionally, we show that multiple changes in the UPP occur during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In vitro data link observed UPP alterations to increased levels of oxidative stress and altered adipose biology relevant to both aging and differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
  • The number of cells per field, the AP activity, the collagen and mineralized matrix synthesis were higher in AT-MSC en differentiation, in relation to BM-MSC under the same conditions in all evaluated times. (scielo.br)
  • 13 verified that stromal cells (CD 34+) derived from the adipose tissue has the potential of osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, being considered as a promising cellular therapy for the healing of bone defects. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we showed that obesity-related adipocyte degeneration causes release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which promotes macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), originally known as a sensor of exogenous DNA fragments. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice demonstrated reduced macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue and better insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice, whereas bone marrow reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow restored the attenuation of insulin resistance observed in fat-fed Tlr9−/− mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Administration of a TLR9 inhibitory oligonucleotide to fat-fed wild-type mice reduced the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and improved insulin resistance. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Moreover, I3C exerts anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight and fat accumulation in epididymal adipose tissue in HFD-induced obese mice and thereby improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia [126]. (researchgate.net)
  • Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue associated with a low grade inflammation which is one contributor to obesity complications such as diabetes. (springer.com)
  • In the first one, local adipose tissue hypoxia could induce fibrosis accumulation which in turn through adipocyte dysfunctions might provoke adipose tissue inflammation. (springer.com)
  • These results indicated that increasing dietary energy content improved fat accumulation in Lantang growing pigs possibly through direct deposition of fat in adipocyte. (scialert.net)
  • The major microscopic constituent of white adipocytes is triglycerides, which are stored in a large, single (unilocular) droplet. (news-medical.net)
  • Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
  • In a healthy person, excess fat is stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue, and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream only in response to an increased energy requirement, for example, during fasting. (jci.org)
  • Triglycerides primarily store energy in adipocytes and muscle cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
  • Lipodystrophies: windows on adipose biology and metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Further, we aim to create a systems biology understanding of changes in both adipose tissue composition, adipocyte size, and cellular insulin responsiveness, and explore their impact on whole-body metabolism using mathematical modelling. (lu.se)
  • Readily demonstrated in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver all of the groups were on the are that they are two DHT-derivatives that do not convert into Estrogen via aromatase, and they both exhibit fairly low androgenic strength ratings. (showyou.com)
  • Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. (thieme-connect.de)
  • The three aims explored different facets of visceral adipose tissue, as it relates to internal exposure to POPs and metabolic health. (cdc.gov)
  • The adipocyte size in epicardial fat correlated positively with insulin resistance and serum leptin, and correlated negatively with serum and mRNA expression of adiponectin. (univr.it)
  • Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
  • The cumulative loss of fat leads to a decrease in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin. (medscape.com)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
  • Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. (ku.dk)
  • Indomethacin repressed beta-adrenergic induction of UCP1 expression in primary inguinal adipocytes. (ku.dk)
  • The use of PGE(2) receptor antagonists implicated EP(4) as a main PGE(2) receptor, and injection of the stable PGE(2) analog (EP(3/4) agonist) 16,16 dm PGE(2) induced UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. (ku.dk)
  • Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. (dtu.dk)
  • The emergence in traditional white adipose tissue (WAT) depots of multilocular adipocytes that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and resemble brown adipocytes, the so called 'brite' adipocytes, could contribute to increased energy expenditure. (edu.sa)
  • Recently, we and others have demonstrated fibrotic depots in white adipose tissue of obese subjects. (springer.com)
  • Increased fat storage in fully differentiated adipocytes, resulting in enlarged fat cells, is well documented and thought to be the most important mechanism whereby fat depots increase in adults. (europa.eu)
  • Very little is known about the maintenance of fat cells (adipocytes) in humans, how different fat depots are maintained and how (or if) this is altered in obesity. (europa.eu)
  • This indicates that PPARγ plays a role in the induction of genes characteristic of different adipocyte lineages and that preadipocytes from different depots are differentially preprogrammed to permit PPARγ lineage-specific recruitment even when differentiated in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • Examination of PPARγ binding in in vitro differentiatied adipocytes isolated from three different adipose depots. (nih.gov)
  • However, whether GR may control adipose development remains unclear. (c3m-nice.fr)
  • The primary focus of the Rodeheffer laboratory is to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control adipose tissue mass in both normal and disease states. (yale.edu)
  • Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
  • These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • OBJECTIVE- We identified lipocalin 2 ( Lcn2 ) as a gene induced by dexamethasone and tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • And further filtering of the data revealed 8 of these were significantly associated with altered gene expression in human adipose. (usda.gov)
  • A screen against the MuTHER expression quantitative trait locus data revealed 8 of these were significantly associated with altered gene expression in human adipose, more than would be expected by chance. (usda.gov)
  • Inhibition of COX activity attenuated diet-induced UCP1 expression and increased energy efficiency and adipose tissue mass in obesity-resistant mice kept at thermoneutrality. (ku.dk)
  • Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet-induced obese and hyperglycemic mice. (google.com)
  • The current results indicated that PBMT inhibited FFA generation and release in insulin-resistant adipocytes and reduced plasma FFA levels in diabetic db/db mice and HFD-fed mice. (google.com)
  • We recently reported that adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-deficient (AdipoGR-KO) mice under corticosterone (CORT) treatment exhibited a massive adipose tissue (AT) expansion associated with a paradoxical improvement of metabolic health compared to control mice. (c3m-nice.fr)
  • Here, we show a specific induction of the hypoxiainducible factor HIF-1α and the pro-angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A expression in GR-deficient adipocytes of AdipoGR-KO mice as compared to control mice, together with an increased adipose vascular network, as assessed by 3D-analysis imaging. (c3m-nice.fr)
  • Brown fat cells come from the middle embryo layer, mesoderm, also the source of myocytes (muscle cells), adipocytes, and chondrocytes (cartilage cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides, they were able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. (scielo.br)
  • Recently, a number of studies have confirmed that ADSCs possess the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes [ 16 - 18 ], suggesting that a broader source of stem cells is available for application in tissue engineering. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. (mdpi.com)
  • These induced brown adipocytes in WAT are referred to as Brown in white (brite) or 'beige' adipocytes and differ from conventional BAT in infants. (news-medical.net)
  • This increased browning capacity was translated into the appearance of UCP1- and CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A)-positive brite adipocytes in retroperitoneal WAT. (edu.sa)
  • Rat MAT adipocytes from distal sites have an increased proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids and expression of Scd1/Scd2, Cebpa and Cebpb. (wustl.edu)
  • In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. (nature.com)
  • Our study may provide a novel mechanism for the development of sterile inflammation in adipose tissue and a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • This has fuelled the therapeutic interest in the transformation of energy-storing into energy-dissipating adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
  • Endocrine functions of white adipocytes, and other WAT-resident cells in the stromal vascular fraction, are performed by the release of a variety of adipokines (adipose-associated cytokines) which affect the functioning of the brain, liver, pancreas and immune system 9 . (nature.com)
  • In addition, white adipocytes provide insulation and contribute to endocrine function as they secrete hormones. (news-medical.net)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) - a key contributor in many metabolic diseases - contributes about one fourth of a healthy human's body mass. (nature.com)
  • Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. (nature.com)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal organ in obesity. (nature.com)
  • The second develops from white adipocytes that are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both adipocytes and brown adipocyte may be derived from pericytes, the cells which surround the blood vessels that run through white fat tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obesity is defined as an expansion of white adipose (WAT) tissue that is associated with low grade inflammation which possibly contributes to the development of health complications such as diabetes, liver pathologies, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • In obesity, adipocyte precursor cells give rise to new adipocytes, contributing the the growth of white adipose tissue. (yale.edu)
  • Introduction: Interest has recently focused on epicardial fat, but little is known about epicardial adipocyte size and its relation with insulin resistance and adipokines. (univr.it)
  • Alternatively, if immature precursors of BAT are already present in WAT, these can differentiate into mature brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
  • The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese subjects [ 3 ] suggests that adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in the body distribution of vitamin D, but the causal relationship between obesity and low levels of circulating 25(OH)D has not been completely elucidated yet. (medscape.com)
  • Since that initial discovery, the number of adipocyte-derived signaling molecules has grown ever larger, and the term adipokine was coined to reflect that many of these molecules exert positive or negative actions on inflammation. (diabetesjournals.org)