• Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • Along with adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity, AD and IR, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are uncharacterized. (hhs.gov)
  • This is potentially leading to adipocyte hypertrophy that in turn causes hyperglycemia due to age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 expression leading to overworked and exhausted adipocytes in P311 KOs or low P311 expressing adipocytes compared to wild types. (hhs.gov)
  • We will also explore key adipocyte cellular processes of apoptosis and autophagy/lipophagy, which may affect adipocyte turnover in the WAT of P311 KO mice, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, and thus metabolic deregulation. (hhs.gov)
  • Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
  • This phenotype is associated with increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ATM (60 ug/mL) caused inhibition of adipogenesis via down-regulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) (48%), C/EBPα (66%), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (64%) expressions in 3T3-L1 cells. (touro.edu)
  • Up-regulation of adipogenin, an adipocyte plasma transmembrane protein, during adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Cloning, expression, and differentiation-dependent regulation of SMAF1 in adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Studies in mouse indicate the 80 aa SMAF1 protein is involved in adipocyte tissue function or regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities. (springer.com)
  • The proposed project will test the central hypothesis that age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 levels play a key role in white, brown and beige adipocyte development, plasticity and function, as well as in metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
  • The current project will thereby establish P311 as a new player in adipocyte biology and metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
  • Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Though our understanding of adipogenesis and its regulation at the cellular level is growing, many questions remain, especially regarding the regulation of the metabolome. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Rayalam, S., Della-Fera, M.A. and Baile, C.A. (2008) Phytochemicals and Regulation of the Adipocyte Life Cycle. (scirp.org)
  • The findings "indicate the physiological significance of HSL in adipocyte function and the regulation of systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis, and underscore the severe metabolic consequences of impaired lipolysis," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
  • They also found that patients with the homozygous genotype developed diabetes early in adulthood and had downregulation of PPAR-gamma-dependent genes that are responsible for adipogenesis and the maintenance of adipocyte function, which "alter[s] the regulation of pathways influencing adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
  • While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • In adipocyte Senp2-de﫿ciency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. (deepdyve.com)
  • High-fat Western diet (HFWD)-consumption contributes to obesity, disruption of adipocyte metabolism, chronic systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction (MetDys). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells such as chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipocytes can arise either from preadipocytes resident in adipose tissue, or from bone-marrow derived progenitor cells that migrate to adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated cellular differentiation process, in which mesenchymal stem cells committing to preadipocytes and preadipocytes differentiating into adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • PPARγ is required for embryonic stem cells (ES cells) differentiation to adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endocrine functions of white adipocytes, and other WAT-resident cells in the stromal vascular fraction, are performed by the release of a variety of adipokines (adipose-associated cytokines) which affect the functioning of the brain, liver, pancreas and immune system 9 . (nature.com)
  • We investigated the effect of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity properties in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). (touro.edu)
  • Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)
  • GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
  • Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
  • Hart, D. (2014) Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
  • Fatty (adipose) tissue is produced in the body by increases in the number of fat cells (adipocytes) and increased lipid content in those cells. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Adipocytes develop via adipogenesis, a process involving the development of pre-adipocyte cells and lipid accumulation. (chemistryworld.com)
  • A cautionary side to this research is that such inhibition of adipogenesis may mean larger adipose cells, which can result in the development of type 2 diabetes. (chemistryworld.com)
  • The differentiation of precursor cells into mature adipocytes (adipogenesis) has been an area of increased focus, spurred by a rise in obesity rates. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been characterized as having the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes, under specific inductive stimuli ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)
  • It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors, peroxis proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are main regulators of adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second phase of growth arrest is the expression of two key transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα which promote expression of genes that confer the characteristics of mature adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of PPARγ itself is sufficient to convert fibroblast into adipocytes in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, PPARγ is also required to maintain the expression of genes that characterize the mature adipocyte. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Adipogenesis was determined by Oil-Red-O staining, triglyceride measurement, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-c mRNA expression. (eur.nl)
  • 2003). Selective Cellular uptake of fatty acids and following storage in the form of disruption of Pparγ2 or adipocyte-speci﫿c Pparγ knockout leads TGs in adipocytes are key steps in lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
  • Tropical fruits contain different quantities and mixtures of different phytochemicals (chemicals found naturally in plants), some of which have been shown to inhibit adipogenesis. (chemistryworld.com)
  • As mango is rich in phytochemicals and popular in both developed and developing countries, the researchers at the University of Queensland chose to study the ability of three varieties of mangoes to inhibit adipogenesis. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Furthermore, flavonoids may decrease fat absorption, increase energy expenditure, and inhibit adipogenesis (the process during which fibroblast develop into mature adipocytes). (arktisetaromit.fi)
  • Terminal differentiation is that preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, preadipocytes cell lines have difficult to different to differentiate into adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preadipocytes display CD45− CD31− CD34+ CD29+ SCA1+ CD24+ surface markers can proliferate and differentiate to adipocytes in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • MSCs have a lower ability to differentiate into osteoblasts but a higher ability to differentiate into adipocytes, which could be linked to myeloid malignancies ( Woods and Guezguez, 2021 ). (techscience.com)
  • In studying adipogenesis, precursor markers, including Pref-1 and PDGFRα, are used to isolate precursors from stromal vascular fractions of WAT, but the relation among the markers is not known. (nih.gov)
  • Adipocytes arise from the commitment and differentiation of adipose precursors in white adipose tissue (WAT). (nih.gov)
  • The key features of differentiated adipocytes are growth arrest, morphological change, high expression of lipogenic genes and production of adipokines like adiponectin, leptin, resistin (in the mouse, not in humans) and TNF-alpha. (wikipedia.org)
  • These genes include adipocyte protein (aP2), insulin receptor, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, glucose transporter type 4 (Glut 4) and so on. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, ATM induced a decrease in the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein-2 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). (touro.edu)
  • Genes that control the early stages of adipogenesis remain largely unknown. (nih.gov)
  • adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
  • Adipocyte dysfunction (AD) is cardinal feature of metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk for developing insulin resistance (IR), DM, and hypertension. (hhs.gov)
  • Inactivation of TCF7L2 protein attained by removing the high-mobility group (HMG)-box DNA binding domain in mature adipocytes in vivo leads to whole-body glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
  • This mouse also showed an ectopic lipid in﫿ammation indicates that HFD induced adipocyte death would distribution and insulin resistance. (deepdyve.com)
  • Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PPARg activation has effects on several aspects of the mature adipocyte characteristics such as morphological changes, lipid accumulation, and the acquisition of insulin sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)
  • Accumulating evidence is suggesting that exposure to some environmental contaminants may alter adipogenesis, resulting in accumulation of adipocytes, and often significant weight gain. (duke.edu)
  • Mature adipocytes differentiated in the presence of BPA were insulin resistant, with an approximate 25% reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. (nature.com)
  • The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
  • Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)
  • The expression of 10 adipogenesis-regulated miRNAs were studied using real-time qPCR and then we selected 5 miRNAs, that showed robust expression, were profiled in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from 20 humans with a range of body mass indices (BMI, range = 21-48, and all samples have U133+2 Affymetrix profiles provided). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification and characterization of the adipogenesis in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes of the goose ( Anser cygnoides ). (bvsalud.org)
  • This consequently decreases the expression of mTOR, results in decreased activities of the mTOR complex 1 pathway, and leads to defects in adipogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here we explore the effect of low, but environmentally relevant, concentrations of BPA on adipogenesis using a variety of cellular models. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. (springer.com)
  • and controlling adipocyte cellular processes. (hhs.gov)
  • TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)
  • In conclusion, low, but environmentally relevant, doses of BPA may contribute to the development of a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state in exposed adipocytes, which in turn may affect adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, independent of adipogenesis. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • These results demonstrate that ATM administration caused a reduction in adiposity via attenuation in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size. (touro.edu)
  • Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
  • There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
  • As studies are limited, resident macrophages could alter adipocyte function early in adipose tissue development, a novel mechanism requiring exploration. (hhs.gov)
  • Platelet-derived growth factor-BB enhances adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts, and, thus, may contribute to adipose tissue expansion in GO. (eur.nl)
  • [ 16 ] Potential mechanisms through which TCF7L2 variants influence T2DM include its role in adipogenesis, myogenesis, and pancreatic islet development, as well as in beta-cell survival and insulin secretory granule function. (medscape.com)
  • 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • Protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation was also decreased by ATM treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (touro.edu)
  • ADIG/SMAF1 is an adipocyte-specific protein that plays a role in adipocyte differentiation (Kim et al. (nih.gov)
  • 2016. 18O-Tracer Metabolomics Reveals Protein Turnover and CDP-Choline Cycle Activity in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • UCP-1-expressing multilocular adipocytes, termed 'beige' or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes, can also be found interspersed among white adipocytes within SAT under conditions requiring increased heat production (e.g. chronic cold exposure). (springer.com)
  • 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated with high concentrations of BPA showed decreased mRNA expression of several adipocyte markers. (evanrosenlab.com)
  • The origins and basis for these fat deposits are largely unknown, but there is a possibility that the altered mechanical and biological environments lead to dysregulation of MSC/MPC and progression to preferential differentiation towards the adipocyte lineage. (scirp.org)
  • The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. (nature.com)
  • Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
  • The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
  • Epididymal fat exhibited significantly larger adipocytes in the HFD group than it did in the ATM-treated group. (touro.edu)
  • Cytokines secreted by adipocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-6, are implicated in NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
  • Adipocytes play a vital role in energy homeostasis and process the largest energy reserve as triglycerol in the body of animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • C/EBPα also plays an important role in the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipogenesis plays a critical role in controlling adipocyte cell number, body weight, and metabolic profile in a homeostatic state. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Damcott and colleagues noted that the findings were somewhat unusual because a defect in an enzyme critical for lipolysis would be expected to result in excess lipid storage, but the researchers observed the opposite, "providing evidence that HSL plays a key role in maintaining adipogenesis and adipocyte function. (medpagetoday.com)
  • It enhanced IL-6 production early during differentiation, but the effect of PDGF-BB on adipogenesis was independent of autocrine IL-6 signaling as it was not abrogated by IL-6-receptor-a neutralizing antibody. (eur.nl)
  • A deletion in the gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase, a key enzyme for lipolysis, was associated with abnormalities in adipocyte function and systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis. (medpagetoday.com)
  • WAT browning and BAT whitening) and its effect on adipocyte function and glycemic control, as P311 KO mice are hyperglycemic. (hhs.gov)
  • Correspondence to: Jinke Cheng, E-mail: [email protected] Edited by Feng Liu One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. (deepdyve.com)