• One of the objectives of this thesis was to investigate the effect of various dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratios on the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism using C57BL/6 mice as an animal model. (mun.ca)
  • Given the health benefits of maintaining a proper ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFA, it was of interest to understand the role of altered maternal dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio on the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the offspring of C57BL/6 mice at weaning. (mun.ca)
  • Offspring at weaning were selected to isolate the effects of pre-weaning diet, excluding the post weaning diet, on the offspring's lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (mun.ca)
  • The C57BL/6 mice were selected for the current study as these have been already established as an animal model in our laboratory to study 'in utero' programming of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the offspring. (mun.ca)
  • In the one month feeding study, female C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 20% w/w fat with n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of either 5:1, 15:1 or 30:1 to establish the effect on the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (mun.ca)
  • Feeding diets with varying n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratios to C57BL/6 mice led to the incorporation of dietary fatty acids in red blood cell (RBC) phospholipids (PL), and also altered the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (mun.ca)
  • A higher n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio in the maternal diet of C57BL/6 mice led to higher plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations compared to a lower ratio in the offspring at weaning. (mun.ca)
  • The hamsters were fed diets rich in either fish oil or a MIX oil to investigate whether fish oil has beneficial effects in lowering plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. (mun.ca)
  • Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We also observed that the earlier peak time of lipids compared to BCAAs is dependent on insulin's negative regulation of their influx. (biorxiv.org)
  • While there has been extensive research on the mathematical modeling of insulin's regulation of blood glucose 8 - 13 , there has been limited investigation of its selective regulation of blood amino acids and lipids 14 - 17 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Amelioration of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response is considered an important reason underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism by pomegranate extracts. (nih.gov)
  • Hormones produced by adipose tissue play a critical role in the regulation of energy intake, energy expenditure, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This review will address the biology, actions, and regulation of three adipocyte hormones-leptin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and adiponectin-with an emphasis on the most recent literature. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The purpose of the present review is to summarize the most important aspects of the biology, actions, and regulation of these hormones and to serve as an update of new information published during the past ∼18 months. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The present study identifies a novel mechanism of CB 1 R regulation mediated by BDNF and cholesterol metabolism and provides some evidence that DA D 2 R-dependent modulation of striatal CB 1 R activity is mediated by this neurotrophin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our innovative program is based on science, recognizing that the gastrointestinal tract and the small bowel in particular, play a critical role in the regulation of blood sugar levels, insulin action and production as well as in the control of appetite and body weight. (nyp.org)
  • Their clinical and preclinical research has advanced the understanding of the mechanisms of action of surgical procedures and the recognition that certain operations can control appetite and body weight by influencing their hormonal regulation and not solely due to mechanical restriction of food intake and absorption as originally believed. (nyp.org)
  • Although originally considered a restrictive procedure that reduced food intake and body weight primarily due to the creation of a tiny stomach pouch, it has recently become clear that gastric bypass actually improves the hormonal regulation of appetite, energy expenditure and the action and production of insulin. (nyp.org)
  • Insulin is a main component in the regulation of the body's metabolism. (123helpme.com)
  • The activities might result from the binding of bufotenine and its receptors, including sigma-1 receptor and 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A, thus regulating lipid metabolism pathway. (psychedelicmedicineassociation.org)
  • RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, CIG can significantly enhance the expression level of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway related proteins in skeletal muscle, which is the key pathway of insulin metabolism. (rsc.org)
  • We found that YNCRG can reduce the accumulation of lipids in the liver of rats with metabolic syndrome, probably by affecting lipid metabolism and the signaling pathway associated with inflammatory reactions. (lidsen.com)
  • Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, a maternal diet high in n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio resulted in higher levels of lipid and lipoproteins in the offspring at weaning, which may be associated with an increase risk of CVD in later life. (mun.ca)
  • Al lomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), Muhtaseb's study of Arab women indi- very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and cated an incidence of 50% of lipid disorders high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (who.int)
  • Sun B, Kudo M, Hayashi M, Qin LL, Wu LL, Liu TH, Gao M. YNCRG Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Chronic Inflammatory Reaction. (lidsen.com)
  • Among the genomic regions that are significantly associated with coffee consumption, several map to genes associated with hepatic lipid metabolism. (who.int)
  • Adipocytes produce a number of hormones that have wide-ranging effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including nutrient partitioning and fuel selection. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Progesterone has important effects on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. (weeksmd.com)
  • The primary effect of progesterone by itself on carbohydrate metabolism appears to be the diversion of glucose utilization away from muscle and fat to other tissues, and the promotion of more storage of glycogen in the liver. (weeksmd.com)
  • It acts directly on the processes related to protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. (myelin.org)
  • Glucose measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neonatal hypoglycemia, and idiopathic hypoglycemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 4: Low glycaemic diets impair tumour SCD, which interacts with changes in lipid availability to affect tumour growth. (nature.com)
  • These actions are mediated by both the actions of a number of nonsecreted proteins and hormones produced in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that curcumin is a PPARα activator and may affect expression levels of proteins involved in amyloid deposition to influence amyloidosis and metabolism in a complex manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inadequate secretion of insulin results on impaired metabolism of glucose, carbohydrates, proteins and fats which then result to hyperglycemia and glycosuria. (123helpme.com)
  • Furthermore, to investigate the molecular mechanism of action, the phosphorylation and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream proteins, such as insulin receptor (INSR), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) have been detected. (rsc.org)
  • The elevation of blood glucose leads to the development of abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and electrolytes. (who.int)
  • Imbalances in lipid metabolism are profound features of metabolic disorders. (nih.gov)
  • These lipid disorders may occur in primary (inherited) [ 5 - 7 ] or secondary form [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study investigated the patterns and determinants of lipid disorders among a group of 250 type 2 adult diabetic patients and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in Sudan. (who.int)
  • By contrast, although KD also impairs tumour SCD activity, KD-driven increases in lipid availability maintain the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios in tumours, and changing the KD fat composition to increase tumour saturated fatty acid levels cooperates with decreased tumour SCD activity to slow tumour growth. (nature.com)
  • In 2013, the American Heart Association reported that proportions of American adults aged 20 or above had abnormal blood lipid serum profile (details are shown in Table 1 ) [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Progesterone stimulates deposition of body fat but had catabolic effects on protein metabolism. (weeksmd.com)
  • On protein metabolism, it has been suggested that progesterone may have a catabolic action in man, and that the basic effects may be a lowering of several plasma amino acids and an increased total urinary nitrogen excretion without an associated aminoaciduria. (weeksmd.com)
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely expressed, activity-regulated secretory protein with pleiotropic actions within the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • The progenitor protein of frag 176-191, hGH, is a 191 amino acid protein that controls a complex interplay of diverse physiological processes, from cellular and tissue growth to fat loss and glucose metabolism [3]. (outlookindia.com)
  • Mitochondria, the major cellular site for lipid oxidation, are strongly associated with cellular oxidative and inflammatory status and are likely to be a target for pomegranate extract action. (nih.gov)
  • Selenomethionine and sodium selenite did not provide any protective action against the cellular disruption induced by Hg(2+) salt. (cdc.gov)
  • Insulin is the hormone that regulates cellular nourishment by aiding in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients from the blood. (vitalitymagazine.com)
  • We hypothesized that E- zebrafish would display cognitive impairments associated with elevated lipid peroxidation and metabolic disruptions in the brain. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These functional deficits occurred concomitantly with the following observations in adult E- brains: decreased concentrations of and increased peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially docosahexaenoic acid , DHA), altered brain phospholipid and lysophospholipid composition, as well as perturbed energy (glucose/ketone), phosphatidylcholine and choline/methyl-donor metabolism. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Metal Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Cell Membranes: Final Report on Project VKC-R22-147. (cdc.gov)
  • Preincubation of macrophages with Zn(2+) protected the cells against the disruptive action of Cd(2+), but the protective action could not be explained by any observed increase or decrease in lipid peroxidation. (cdc.gov)
  • The research provided a systemic evidence for the actions and mechanism of bufotenine. (psychedelicmedicineassociation.org)
  • Studies are undertaken to examine the mechanism of action of several medicinal plants to evaluate their therapeutic potential compared with synthetic drugs. (buckingham.ac.uk)
  • Proof of principle studies are being conducted on pioneer therapeutics together with more fundamental studies to identify the mechanism of action of these pioneer compounds. (buckingham.ac.uk)
  • The AEDs can be grouped according to their main mechanism of action, although many of them have several actions and others have unknown mechanisms of action. (medscape.com)
  • Antiepileptic drugs can be grouped according to their major mechanism of action. (medscape.com)
  • Some antiepileptic drugs work by acting on combination of channels or through some unknown mechanism of action. (medscape.com)
  • BDNF potently inhibited CB 1 R function in the striatum, through a mechanism mediated by altered cholesterol metabolism and membrane lipid raft function. (jneurosci.org)
  • We studied its effects and mechanism of action on a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome. (lidsen.com)
  • Based on the mechanism of action, bexarotene capsules may increase the action of insulin enhancing agents, resulting in hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
  • This suggests that coffee-associated epigenetic variations may explain the mechanism of action of coffee consumption in modulating disease risk. (who.int)
  • The term "mode involves soil fumigation at the beginning of the growing sea- of action" is contrasted with "mechanism of action," which son, and its physical-chemical properties. (cdc.gov)
  • 23. WHO will establish a formal mechanism for reporting on these indicators at the global, regional and national levels to follow the implementation process of the action plan and provide feedback to the national and subnational implementation teams. (who.int)
  • In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that extracts of different pomegranate fractions (peels, flowers, juice, and seeds) regulate lipid metabolism in metabolic-disorder-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, helping to alleviate the development of diseases. (nih.gov)
  • This steroid induces hyperinsulinemia , possibly by direct action on pancreatic islets, while promoting glycogen storage in the liver. (weeksmd.com)
  • On ketone body metabolism, progesterone partially suppresses the estrogen effect on liver triglyceride formation while promoting ketogenesis. (weeksmd.com)
  • Taken together, our findings suggested that the anti-obesity properties of UPF could be achieved by decreasing the insulin levels, positive-regulating of the gut microbiota composition as well as altering gene expression related to glucolipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
  • These metabolic effects are responsible for the dramatic improvement of obesity, diabetes, and lipid metabolism. (nyp.org)
  • Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
  • In mice lacking one copy of the BDNF gene ( BDNF +/− ), CB 1 R (GABA) responses were potentiated and were preserved from the action of haloperidol, a DA D 2 receptor (D 2 R) antagonist able to fully abolish CB 1 R (GABA) function in rewarded animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this work, we researched the antioxidative, hypoglycemic and lowering blood lipids effects of CIG on diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). (rsc.org)
  • Growth hormone acts directly on fat cells and prevents lipid deposition by promoting lipolysis and triglyceride breakdown. (myelin.org)
  • Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently display an atherogenic lipid profile which has been linked with inflammation. (researchgate.net)
  • Indeed, although targeted disruption of the muscle insulin receptor causes a marked defect of insulin action in this tissue, the phenotype of such animals is modest with a lack of diabetes ( 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Action is needed at all levels of health care and in the various aspects of diabetes care to bridge this gap and to improve health care delivery to people with diabetes. (who.int)
  • By studying diabetic dyslipid- in diabetes mellitus because insulin resist- aemia among a group of our patients we ance or deficiency affects key enzymes hoped to draw attention of the medical com- and pathways in lipid metabolism [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • The lipid abnormalities are prevalent dyslipidaemia. (who.int)
  • One of insulin's primary functions is to regulate blood glucose levels, but it also has a role in regulating other blood metabolites such as amino acids and lipids 3 - 6 . (biorxiv.org)
  • However, this is balanced by potentially harmful actions of the same nutrients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The levels of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids in the body are dependent on the metabolic balance of catabolism and anabolism. (rndsystems.com)
  • To address this question, we used mathematical modeling to identify the selective regulatory mechanisms of insulin on blood amino acids and lipids. (biorxiv.org)
  • To address this gap, we utilized mathematical model selection to explore insulin's selective regulatory mechanisms on blood amino acids and lipids, considering their temporal patterns after oral glucose ingestion. (biorxiv.org)
  • Numerous studies have investigated how insulin regulates amino acids and lipids in the bloodstream 4 , 18 , 19 . (biorxiv.org)
  • This review summarizes the main findings about the effects of different pomegranate fraction extracts on lipid metabolism in metabolic-disorder-associated diseases and analyses how pomegranate extracts achieve their effects. (nih.gov)
  • A change in nutrient availability observed with CR, but not with KD, is lower lipid levels in the plasma and tumours. (nature.com)
  • Enforcing cancer cell SCD expression or raising circulating lipid levels through a higher-fat CR diet confers resistance to the effects of CR. (nature.com)
  • Average percentage of abnormal blood lipid levels among Americans at age 20 or above [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • rosiglitazone increases levels of eluxadoline by decreasing metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • 25. In response to the global call for urgent action on patient safety, WHO launched a flagship initiative "A Decade of Patient Safety 2020-2030" to implement resolution WHA72.6 (2019) and take concrete actions for patient safety at global, regional and national levels. (who.int)
  • The action of BDNF on CB 1 R (GABA) function was tyrosine kinase dependent and was complete even after receptor sensitization with cocaine or environmental manipulations activating the dopamine (DA)-dependent reward system. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results indicated that UPF could mediate the glucolipid metabolism in the obese rats. (frontiersin.org)
  • The acute transient neurotoxicity observed in rats exposed to MeI is best supported by a mode of action involv- ing modification of ion currents by the parent chemical in nerve cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, the nasal lesions associated with exposure to high concentrations of MeI in rats are best supported by a mode of action that involves glutathione (GSH) depletion in the nasal epithelial tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • Upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which synthesises monounsaturated fatty acids, is required for cancer cells to proliferate in a lipid-depleted environment, and CR also impairs tumour SCD activity to cause an imbalance between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to slow tumour growth. (nature.com)
  • Both glucose and fatty acids may cause good/adaptive or evil/toxic actions on the β-cell, depending on their concentrations and the time during which they are elevated. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Aβ was found to associate significantly with these lipid emulsions during their preparation. (iospress.com)
  • Its actions on lipid metabolism intersect with multiple sleep regulatory mechanisms, but its effects on sleep have never been documented. (nature.com)
  • Given the long history of the clinical use of nicotinic acid and its complex actions on lipid metabolism, it is remarkable that its effects on sleep has never been documented. (nature.com)
  • Considering the reciprocal relationship between sleep and lipid metabolism, the complex actions of nicotinic acid on lipid metabolism and the existence of other multiple regulatory nodes where nicotinic acid may potentially modulate sleep, we investigated the effects of systemic administration of nicotinic acid on sleep. (nature.com)
  • Toxic effects of cadmium (7440439) (Cd), mercury (7439976) (Hg), zinc (7440666) (Zn), and selenium (7782492) (Se) on lipid peroxidative metabolism were investigated in rabbit alveolar macrophage cultures. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of single herbs and formulae demonstrated the improvement of hyperlipidemic conditions with multiple and diverse mechanisms of actions similar to conventional Western drugs in spite of their mild side effects. (hindawi.com)
  • An understanding of the mode of action by which the effects of MeI are produced is useful in guiding critical decisions used in risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • Confidence in these modes of action is considered low for the neurotoxic effects, medium for the nasal effects, and high for the fetal effects. (cdc.gov)
  • An understanding of the mode(s) of action by which these with incomplete information, and because mode of action effects are produced by MeI is important to guide criti- is used to guide critical decisions, it is important to provide cal decisions used in the acute exposure risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study revealed that insulin negatively regulates the influx and positively regulates the efflux of lipids, which is consistent with previous findings. (biorxiv.org)
  • It is important to understand the mechanisms of action and the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) so that these agents can be used effectively in clinical practice, especially in multidrug regimens (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Apparently, the E- animals alter their metabolism to compensate for the VitE deficiency, but these compensatory mechanisms are insufficient to maintain cognitive function. (oregonstate.edu)
  • This review summarizes the recent experimental and clinical results of nine representative single Chinese herbs and seven classic TCM formulae that could improve lipid profiles so as to help understand and compare their underlying mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • The study was conducted by a large international consortium in collaboration with scientists from the Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch and the Nutrition and Metabolism Branch of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (who.int)
  • Hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients develops as a result of deficiency in insulin secretion or deficiency in the action of insulin due to the resistance. (who.int)
  • It has a major impact on the cardiovascular system and cardiac metabolism. (myelin.org)
  • Reduction of total cholesterols (TC) and LDL-C by dietary alterations and medications that affect lipid metabolism [ 14 ] is found to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in animals and clinical cardiovascular events in human [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • Dietary methionine influences therapy in mouse cancer models and alters human metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Africa started to study lipid changes among diabetic and nondiabetic people. (who.int)