Accessory nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

FInd information about the trigeminal nerve, including its functions, how doctors test it, and the conditions associated. (healthline.com)
This stock medical exhibit features an oblique view of the head and brain with left trigeminal nerve branches and an arrow to the brainstem and deep brain tissue. (smartimagebase.com)
Cranial nerve V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, originates from the pons, which is a part of the brainstem. (proprofs.com)
The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and controlling the muscles involved in chewing. (proprofs.com)
The mandibular nerve is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve, with sensory roots from the trigeminal ganglion and motor roots from the pons and the medulla. (medscape.com)
The mental nerve is a somatic afferent (sensorial) nerve and corresponds to the terminal branch of the mandibular nerve, which is the third division of the trigeminal nerve. (bvsalud.org)

Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum is the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. (bartleby.com)
Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum, for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels, and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve. (bartleby.com)
Mandibular nerve block is a safe procedure. (medscape.com)
The mandibular nerve area is generally blocked by using more specific nerve blocks rather than by performing a complete nerve block. (medscape.com)
The mandibular nerve block has a success rate of 95%-98%, whereas the IAN block is successful in only 65%-85% of cases. (medscape.com)
The 2 roots exit the cranium via the foramen ovale and unite just outside the cranium to form the mandibular nerve. (medscape.com)
After giving off 2 branches, the mandibular nerve bifurcates into anterior and posterior divisions (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The "ART" mandibular nerve block: a new approach to accomplishing regional anesthesia. (medscape.com)

It is classified as the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves because part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The oculomotor nerve is the third of 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the brain. (healthline.com)

As it courses downwards, the nerve pierces through the sternocleidomastoid muscle while sending it motor branches, then continues down until it reaches the trapezius muscle to provide motor innervation to its upper part. (wikipedia.org)
Anatomic study of the SAN has long maintained a debate as to the exact contributions of this nerve and other cervical motor nerves to the innervation of the trapezius muscle. (medscape.com)
Subsequent anatomic study reported a possible plexus composed of both cervical nerves and contributions from the SAN that collectively provided trapezial motor innervation. (medscape.com)
The classic and much-used Gray's Anatomy assigned cervical nerves to a proprioceptive sensory role, with only the SAN providing motor innervation to the trapezius. (medscape.com)
Variations were noted in both upper limbs related to accessory muscle bellies and change in innervation. (eurjanat.com)
Anatomical relations of muscles and nerves were determined by following proximal to distal ends, relation, vascularization, and innervation pattern. (eurjanat.com)
Innervation of the trapezius is derived from the spinal accessory nerve. (healthline.com)
The sensory innervation of the hip is complex, involving multiple nerves from both lumbar and sacral plexi. (asra.com)
Prior studies have demonstrated a dense anterior capsule innervation, involving femoral, obturator, and accessory obturator nerves. (asra.com)
The mental nerve emerges at the MF and divides into four branches: angular (innervation of the angle of the mouth region), medial and lateral inferior labial (skin of the lower lip, oral mucosa, and gingiva as far posterior as the second premolar), and mental branch (skin of the mental region) 6 . (bvsalud.org)

Chapter 25: Surgical Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (p316). (medtronic.com)
The anatomy of the accessory nerve can be studied by detailing its parts. (knowyourbody.net)
Purpose Conflicting locations of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) with respect to the internal jugular vein (IJV) are reported in the literature and anatomy texts. (uthscsa.edu)
Anatomy and clinical application of suprascapular nerve to accessory nerve transfer. (wjgnet.com)
An oral nerve block is a simple and effective way to manage orofacial pain without distorting the anatomy of a wound and without the use of narcotics. (medscape.com)

The vagus nerve is the longest of the 12 cranial nerves. (healthline.com)

The nerve travels along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen. (wikipedia.org)
Leaving the skull, the nerve travels through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (wikipedia.org)
The nerve moves near the inner wall of the skull near the jugular foramen. (knowyourbody.net)
After this the nerve routes through jugular foramen with vagus nerves and glossopharyngeal . (knowyourbody.net)
From the skull, it goes through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (knowyourbody.net)
From the jugular foramen, it then leaves the cranium and connects to the spinal portion of the main Accessory Nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
It leaves the skull through the middle compartment of the jugular foramen, where it has upper and lower ganglionic swellings, which are the sensory ganglia of the nerve. (medscape.com)

In the neck, the accessory nerve crosses the internal jugular vein around the level of the posterior belly of digastric muscle. (wikipedia.org)
In the neck, the accessory nerve crosses the internal jugular vein around the level of the posterior belly of digastric muscle, in front of the vein in about 80% of people, and behind it in about 20%, and in one reported case, piercing the vein. (wikipedia.org)
One such modification is the preservation of 1 or more nonlymphatic structures (eg, spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein [IJV], sternocleidomastoid [SCM] muscle). (medscape.com)
Four cases of spinal accessory nerve passing through the fenestrated internal jugular vein. (koreamed.org)
The vagus nerve descends vertically within the carotid sheath posterolateral to the internal and common carotid arteries and medial to the internal jugular vein (IJV) at the root of the neck. (medscape.com)

In the same way, the variants of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) can include alterations in its course, number of branches, or anatomical relations, whereas its absence is considered an atypical variation. (eurjanat.com)
Frequency of accessory mental foramen and anatomical variability of mental nerve anterior loop in a peruvian population: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study. (edu.pe)
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of accessory mental foramen (AMF) and anatomical variants of the mental nerve anterior loop using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. (edu.pe)
A 3D multi-planar reconstruction was performed to identify the location and presence of accessory mental foramina, their morphological characteristics (oval or circular), their position with respect to the mental foramen (MF), anterior loop (AL) path and other anatomical landmarks including lengths and angles. (edu.pe)
Dive into the research topics of 'Frequency of accessory mental foramen and anatomical variability of mental nerve anterior loop in a peruvian population: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study. (edu.pe)
In this article, a case of accessory mental foramen was presented with computed tomography images, and the main complications related to this anatomical variation are discussed. (bvsalud.org)

Cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory nerve (SAN), is vulnerable to injury, owing to its long and superficial course in the posterior cervical neck. (medscape.com)
Course of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in the posterior cervical triangle. (medscape.com)
Purpose: To examine the courses and branching patterns of the mylohyoid nerve in adult cadavers in order to determine if there are accessory branches, which insert on the posterior mandible. (umaryland.edu)
Results: 12 out 25 (48%) cadavers had at least one accessory branch present that attached to the posterior mandible. (umaryland.edu)
The accessory branch identified was located an average of 2.3 cm from the posterior mandible. (umaryland.edu)
Conclusion: Accessory branches of the mylohyoid exist in the posterior mandible. (umaryland.edu)
The necessary nerve intersects the interior jugular vein across the level of posterior belly of the digastric muscle. (knowyourbody.net)
Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy (SANP) is generally reported following surgical procedures in or around the posterior triangle of the neck. (atlanticchiropractor.com)
The obturator nerve courses posteromedially toward the obturator canal and subsequently splits into anterior and posterior divisions. (asra.com)
The mental nerve and veins exit the bone through this foramen, which is oriented posterior-superiorly in adults 11 . (bvsalud.org)
The anterior and posterior gastric nerves are then formed from the esophageal plexus. (medscape.com)
Similarly, the posterior gastric nerve is formed mainly from the right vagus but contains fibers from the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)

The fibres of the spinal accessory nerve originate solely in neurons situated in the upper spinal cord, from where the spinal cord begins at the junction with the medulla oblongata, to the level of about C6. (wikipedia.org)
The spinal accessory nerve's fibers originate from the neurons located in the upper spinal cord. (knowyourbody.net)
Cranial nerves IV (trochlear nerve) and III (oculomotor nerve) originate from the midbrain. (proprofs.com)
Where do Cranial nerves 9,10 & 11 originate from? (proprofs.com)
Cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 originate from the Medulla. (proprofs.com)
The cranial nerves originate in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)

Even experienced surgeons find it difficult to visually identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) or vagus nerve during thyroid surgery and other neck dissections. (medtronic.com)
Lo C, Kwok F, Yuen P. A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis during thyroidectomy. (medtronic.com)
Why monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery? (medtronic.com)
Electrophysiologic recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: international standards guideline statement. (medtronic.com)
Dralle H. Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. (medtronic.com)
It is also responsible for the referred otalgia through the vagus nerve (CN X), in the case of laryngeal pathology. (radiopaedia.org)
The procedure may have potential for use in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy to assess reinnervation after FCN transplantation or nerve-muscle pedicle implantation in the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle. (avma.org)

Our next step is testing the identified branches to confirm if they are nerve fibers. (umaryland.edu)
The ilioinguinal nerve branches off the first lumbar nerve, which is near the lower back. (healthline.com)
In the upper arm and near the shoulder, the median nerve branches off of the brachial plexus. (healthline.com)
Results: The dense arborization of the perforating accessory nerve branches was confined mostly to section b (66.7%, 54/81) and section c (33.3%, 27/81). (elsevierpure.com)
The femoral nerve remains in this plane but gives off branches to the iliacus and acetabulum prior to reaching the inguinal ligament. (asra.com)
a communicating branch between the FCN and the accessory nerve and anastomoses between the ventral branches of the FCN and second cervical nerve were identified. (avma.org)
It divides into 2 branches, which are the nerves to the tensor tympani and the tensor veli palatini. (medscape.com)
In the premolar region, the inferior alveolar nerve usually splits in two branches, the mental nerve and the incisive nerve. (bvsalud.org)
Diagram of the vagus nerve demonstrating the different branches. (medscape.com)

The medial cutaneous nerve is located in the arm. (healthline.com)
95%). In 6 (2.8%) cases the SAN was identified medial to the IJV and 2 nerves pierced the IJV. (uthscsa.edu)
Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve. (bartleby.com)
The nerve to the medial pterygoid is a motor branch that innervates the medial pterygoid muscle. (medscape.com)

In 1933, Bardeen suggested that the origin of motor input to the trapezius muscle was purely from the cervical nerves. (medscape.com)
PROCEDURES In each cadaver, the FCN pathway was determined by dissection, and any anastomosis between the first and second cervical nerves was identified. (avma.org)

Moreover, INIs are also a common source of medicolegal litigation with 60% of INI complications during thyroid surgery leading to malpractice lawsuits and 82% of cases of spinal accessory nerve injury resulting in patient compensation 17 , 18 . (nature.com)

Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The first one is called the Spinal Accessory Nerve that originates in the neurons located in the upper spinal cord (medulla oblongata). (knowyourbody.net)

This explains the unpredictable motor and sensory deficits that arise from transection of the nerves to this muscle. (medscape.com)
Arnold's nerve , also known as the auricular branch or mastoid branch , of the vagus nerve (CN X) is a small sensory nerve supplying the skin of the external acoustic meatus. (radiopaedia.org)
Sensory nerves from the anterior division include the buccal nerve, which is sensory to the mucosa of the mouth and gums and the skin on the cheek. (medscape.com)
It then exits via the mental foramen as the mental and incisive nerves, which are sensory to the chin and the lower teeth. (medscape.com)

The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle, which helps with eye movement, while the oculomotor nerve controls several eye muscles responsible for eye movement, pupil constriction, and focusing. (proprofs.com)
Among the options given, the only cranial nerve that exits from this location is the third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve. (proprofs.com)

The femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous (LFCN), and obturator nerves all descend from the lumbar plexus into the pelvis and come to share a compartment beneath the fascia iliaca for a short distance (Figure 1). (asra.com)
This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. (bartleby.com)
in the fresh state the lower part of this aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. (bartleby.com)
It then inclines behind the hilum of the right lung and courses medially toward the esophagus to form the esophageal plexus with the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
It courses behind the root of the left lung and then deviates medially and downwards to reach the esophagus and form the esophageal plexus by joining the opposite (right) vagus nerve. (medscape.com)

The accessory nerve, also known as the eleventh cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, or simply CN XI, is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Also known as Cranial nerve XI, and CN XI. (kenhub.com)
It is deemed as the 11th muscle of twelve pairs of the cranial nerves, or just cranial nerve XI. (knowyourbody.net)
The vagus nerve is joined by the cranial root of the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), just below the inferior ganglion. (medscape.com)

These fibres join together to form rootlets, roots, and finally the spinal accessory nerve itself. (wikipedia.org)

It descends on the left side of the aortic arch, which separates it from the left pleura, and travels behind the phrenic nerve. (medscape.com)

This cluster of neurons, called the spinal accessory nucleus, is located in the lateral aspect of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, and stretches from where the spinal cord begins (at the junction with the medulla) through to the level of about C6. (wikipedia.org)
The lateral horn of high cervical segments appears to be continuous with the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla oblongata, from which the cranial component of the accessory nerve is derived. (wikipedia.org)
The ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block, described by Hebbard in 2011, further built on earlier anatomic discoveries to more reliably anesthetize the 3 nerves originally targeted by Winnie: femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator. (asra.com)
This location along the inguinal ligament places the needle somewhere between the femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves and forms the starting location for the ultrasound transducer in the suprainguinal fascia iliaca approach. (asra.com)

The main goal of this procedure was to remove, en bloc, all ipsilateral lymphatic structures from the mandible superiorly to the clavicle inferiorly and from the strap muscles to the anterior border of the trapezius. (medscape.com)
The ultrasound-guided suprainguinal approach results in better anesthesia of anterior hip nerves, at least in part due to more reliable obturator blockade compared to landmark techniques. (asra.com)
Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste. (msdmanuals.com)
The incisive nerve runs intraosseously along with veins and innervates anterior mandibular teeth (incisors, canines, and premolars) 3 . (bvsalud.org)

The end part of high cervical segments seems to be regular with nucleus ambiguous from medulla oblongata, which is the area dividing the cranial part of the accessory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The vagus nerve exits from the medulla oblongata in the groove between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (medscape.com)

The fibers link to create roots, rootlets, and the spinal accessory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
The spinal accessory nerve is formed by fibers of lower motor neurons situated in the upper areas of the spinal cord. (knowyourbody.net)

The aim of study was to analyze the perforating branch pattern of the accessory nerve in the descending part of the trapezius muscle with the aim of describing the most efficient and reproducible BoNT injection sites for aesthetic treatment of shoulder contouring. (elsevierpure.com)
The femoral, LFCN, and obturator nerves branch and diverge from one another as they descend toward the inguinal region. (asra.com)
The nerve of the pterygoid canal and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery pierce the layer of fibrocartilage. (bartleby.com)
The motor branch to the mylohyoid is given off before the nerve enters the mandibular canal and serves as motor supply to the mylohyoid muscle. (medscape.com)

Once it leaves the skull, the cranial portion combines with CN X or the vagus nerve at the inferior ganglion. (knowyourbody.net)
Arnold's nerve originates from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve and also has a small contribution from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)

The accessory nerve offers motion functions to the sternocleidomastoid muscles that extend from the neck and move to trapezius and then extends to the upper back and shoulder. (knowyourbody.net)
Accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction (ANSD) describes the pain and impaired range of motion that may occur following neck dissection. (edu.au)
When this occurs, nerves known as spinal accessory nerves must also be removed along with the affected lymph node, which can lead to shoulder function problems. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Early diagnosis and treatment of spinal accessory nerve palsy may lead to more effective pain relief and a better functional outcome. (atlanticchiropractor.com)
Spinal accessory nerve palsy as a cause of pain after whiplash injury: case report. (atlanticchiropractor.com)

The SAN is more prone to injury if the head is turned to the contralateral side prior to the event, as the ipsilateral nerve is put on stretch in this position. (atlanticchiropractor.com)
In patients with preservation of the ipsilateral accessory nerve , arm abduction function was maintained in 142 of 209 patients (67.9%) at 12 months after surgery . (bvsalud.org)

Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck. (wikipedia.org)
High-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) allows visualization of the normal SAN, as well as changes after accessory nerve injury. (medscape.com)
Studies show that the rate of RLN injury is under-estimated 1-6 and intraoperative nerve monitoring of the RLN is recommended as a risk-minimizing tool. (medtronic.com)
If nerve function changes, the NIM System alerts you with visual and audible warnings to help reduce the risk of patient injury. (medtronic.com)
Ultimately, Amelia R. was referred to a neurosurgeon up at USC, who indicated that this was, in fact, a spinal accessory nerve injury. (aitkenlaw.com)
Plaintiffs contend that Dr. Guen J. did not provide Amelia R. with informed consent of the potential danger of hitting the nerve at the time of the surgery and the risk that this entails including the major injury that it involves if indeed the nerve is hit. (aitkenlaw.com)
Background: Neck dissection is an operation that can result in accessory nerve injury. (edu.au)
This means any injury to this nerve causes ankle and toe weakening along with numbness between the big toe and second toe. (healthline.com)
These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Peripheral Nerve Injury. (fpnotebook.com)

As an example, one of the most common forms of nerve entrapment syndrome, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, affects roughly 1 in 20 people in the United States, and is only one of several types of entrapment syndromes possible for the median nerve. (schweitzer-online.de)

The fibres that form the spinal accessory nerve are formed by lower motor neurons located in the upper segments of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)

Our nerve monitoring products and accessories can be used in conjunction with NIM ® Nerve Monitoring Systems during a variety of surgical procedures. (medtronic.com)
We utilize the latest diagnostic techniques and surgical strategies to restore function and minimize pain for patients with peripheral nerve disorders. (stanford.edu)
Stanford Health Care's Peripheral Nerve Surgery Program offers comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and testing, as well as leading-edge surgical techniques, provided by a highly specialized and experienced nationally-recognized team. (stanford.edu)
In surgical procedures where the risk of accidental nerve damage is prevalent, surgeons commonly use electrical stimulation (ES) during intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) to assess a nerve's functional integrity. (nature.com)
By assessing nerve functionality throughout a surgical procedure, the risk of INI is greatly reduced and timely interventions can be made if damage occurs. (nature.com)
The presence of more than one MF, referred to as accessory mental foramina (AMF), has been registered by means of dissections, surgical findings, conventional radiographs, spiral computed tomography (CT), and cone beam CT. (bvsalud.org)

The common peroneal nerve runs alongside the sciatic nerve, from the femur to the buttocks. (healthline.com)

NIM ® EMG Tubes provide an open airway for patient ventilation and intraoperative nerve monitoring of both vocal cords. (medtronic.com)

Cranial nerve 9, also known as the Glossopharyngeal nerve, controls functions like taste and swallowing. (proprofs.com)

the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity. (bartleby.com)

The gastric nerves supply all abdominal organs and the gastrointestinal tract ending just before the left colonic (splenic) flexure (see the images below). (medscape.com)

Strength testing of these muscles can be measured during a neurological examination to assess function of the spinal accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The spinal component of the accessory nerve provides motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (wikipedia.org)
It is a cranial nerve that serves the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. (knowyourbody.net)
The Accessory Nerve helps with motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (knowyourbody.net)
The superficial nerve simply sits closer to the skin than the deep nerve, but they each connect to different muscles and tissue. (healthline.com)
The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that controls the movement of certain neck muscles. (healthline.com)

The nerve fibres supplying sternocleidomastoid, however, are thought to change sides (Latin: decussate) twice. (wikipedia.org)
The nerve fiber sternocleidomastoid controls the action of turning the head. (knowyourbody.net)

However, the presence of an abnormal cranial nerve sign strongly suggests that the observed weakness results from a problem in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)

Traditionally, the accessory nerve is described as having a small cranial component that descends from the medulla and briefly connects with the spinal accessory component before branching off of the nerve to join the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Conventionally, it was considered that accessory nerve has a small cranial aspect that diminishes from the medulla and then connects with spinal accessory aspect before separating off to the nerve to link the vagus nerve. (knowyourbody.net)

Anatomy14

Diseases8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Trigeminal nerve6

Mandibular Nerve8

Pairs of cranial nerves2

Innervation10

Anatomy5

Vagus nerve is the longest1

Jugular foramen7

Internal jugu5

Anatomical6

Posterior12

Originate6

Laryngeal7

Branches9

Medial4

Cervical nerves2

Cases of spinal acces1

Called the spinal acces2

Sensory4

Oculomotor2

Plexus5

Cranial nerve XI4

Spinal accessory ne1

Phrenic nerve1

Lateral4

Anterior4

Medulla oblongata2

Fibers2

Branch4

Inferior2

Shoulder3

Palsy2

Ipsilateral2

Injury9

Carpal Tunnel S1

Lower motor n1

Surgical6

Sciatic nerve1

Intraoperative nerve1

Glossopharyngeal nerve1

Optic1

Abdominal organs1

Muscles6

Sternocleidomastoid2

Weakness1

Small cranial2