• The low arousal theory is a psychological theory explaining that people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and antisocial personality disorder[page needed] seek self-stimulation by excessive activity in order to transcend their state of abnormally low arousal. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study examined the functioning of facilitation and suppression in visual selective attention in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (scirp.org)
  • Puzzling link: More than half of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder meet the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism may have more in common than childhood onset and a few similar symptoms. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Shared and disorder-specific prefrontal abnormalities in boys with pure attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure CD during interference inhibition and attention allocation. (springer.com)
  • Psychiatric Assessment deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that occurs in at least 2 different settings for more than 6 months. (lecturio.com)
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition marked by a pattern of decreased attention Attention Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. (lecturio.com)
  • 2 Khanna, 2019 Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 6 million children. (pdfhost.io)
  • 3 Khanna, 2019 I. Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. (pdfhost.io)
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can impair learning and performance, with harmful consequences for children and adults alike. (lifeextension.com)
  • The growing trend today, however, is to label increasing numbers of children-and even adults-with the psychiatric diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. (lifeextension.com)
  • Symptoms of ADHD include an inability to concentrate or complete tasks, hyperactivity, compulsive or impulsive behavior, temper flares and mood swings, problems with short-term memory and learning, clumsiness, and distorted perception of time. (lifeextension.com)
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorder, often perturbs scholastic achievement and peer-relationship. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aims: To identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) across the epigenome and symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a population of Hispanic children. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further analysis is warranted to understand how these genes and enriched pathways contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although models including an externalizing composite and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder diagnoses and symptom dimensions showed similar heritability to latent variable models of externalizing, models that included latent dimensions of externalizing and more fine-grained symptom dimensions fit better and were more balanced in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on individual symptoms due to the externalizing dimension and specific symptom dimensions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although these core diagnostic symptoms do not overlap, behavioral differences between the two disorders can be subtle, and doctors often mistake one for the other. (spectrumnews.org)
  • The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-IV , does not allow ADHD and autism to be diagnosed together, reflecting the view that ADHD symptoms in autism could be temporary or simply a consequence of autism's complex and variable presentation. (spectrumnews.org)
  • however, there would be some remaining disorder symptoms. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Autobiographical memory as a latent vulnerability mechanism following childhood maltreatment: Association with future depression symptoms and prosocial behavior. (neurotree.org)
  • An individual with brief psychotic disorder has experienced at least one of the major symptoms of psychosis for less than one month. (minddisorders.com)
  • Catatonic disorders are a group of symptoms characterized by disturbances in motor (muscular movement) behavior that may have either a psychological or a physiological basis. (minddisorders.com)
  • Symptoms of PDD or ASD that may begin during the first year of life include lack of joint attention. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, diagnosis is based solely on observed behavior and reported symptoms, creating a risk of over and under-diagnosis. (pdfhost.io)
  • Sleep complaints, or disturbances, are common symptoms of a dyssomnia sleep disorder and are frequently observed as co-occurring in psychological disorders and psychopathology. (sagepub.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Negative symptoms (NS) are a core symptom domain in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and are associated with poorer social and vocational functioning, and with increased likelihood and durations of hospital admission. (mcgill.ca)
  • Electrophysiological data were examined in control adults and adults with ADHD during a cued visual spatial selective attention task where in addition to directing attention, the cue probabilistically predicted the presence of a distractor. (scirp.org)
  • Findings suggest functional visual spatial selective attention in adults with ADHD. (scirp.org)
  • Autism and ADHD also tend to crop up in the same families, and both disorders may include aggression, disruptive behavior or problems in school. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Overall, an estimated 30 to 80 percent of children with autism have ADHD 1 , 2 , and more than half of children with ADHD meet the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders. (spectrumnews.org)
  • In addition, because of the hierarchical nature of the DSM guidelines, diagnosis with a so-called 'pervasive developmental disorder' such as autism trumps an ADHD diagnosis. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Analyzing parental questionnaires, Asherson and colleagues in February reported overlap between ADHD and autism behaviors in 312 sets of 2-year-old identical and fraternal twins. (spectrumnews.org)
  • They found the correlation between ADHD and autism behaviors to be fairly modest: behaviors resembling ADHD or autism overlap nearly as often in fraternal twin pairs, who share about half their genes, as they do in identical twins, who share all their genes 4 . (spectrumnews.org)
  • Och varför tror du att Kriminalvården först alldeles nyligen upptäckte att ADHD går att att behandla framgångsrikt, även om det förstås kan innebära att kriminalvården mister en del av sina klienter. (adhd-npf.com)
  • ADHD is the most prevalent childhood behavioral disorder: studies have shown its prevalence rates in children and adolescents is approximately 5-8% (Peng et al 2013). (pdfhost.io)
  • The diagnosis of ADHD is inaccurate - the misdiagnosis rate is more than 20% - in part because of its comorbidity with similar behavioral and psychological disorders. (pdfhost.io)
  • 2 In a follow-up study of 55 young adults at the age of 22 who were diagnosed with ADHD at the age of seven, 58% had poor outcomes, including antisocial personality, alcohol abuse, criminal record, reading disorders, and low educational level. (lifeextension.com)
  • The results offer support for the effectiveness of food supplements in improving attention and self-control in children with ADHD, and suggest that food supplements may be as effective as Ritalin® in treating ADHD. (lifeextension.com)
  • A genetic contribution to antisocial behaviors is strongly supported. (medscape.com)
  • Among the neural systems discussed in this context are those underlying pro- and antisocial behaviors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Adult antisocial behaviors are defined as disruptive behaviors that violate social rules and involve defiance of authority and disregard for the rights of others [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Social dominance orientation (SDO), defined as the general individual orientation toward unequal and dominant/subordinate relationships, might represent a valuable construct to explore to better understand the association between psychopathic traits, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. (apc.it)
  • Results showed that SDO mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and externalizing problems and between psychopathic traits and prosocial behavior only in the clinical sample. (apc.it)
  • Laboratory induced aggression: a positron emission tomography study of aggressive individuals with borderline personality disorder. (springer.com)
  • Training community mental health therapists to deliver a package of evidence-based practice strategies for school-age children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study. (ucsd.edu)
  • Parent perspectives on community mental health services for children with autism spectrum disorders. (ucsd.edu)
  • Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42 (8), 1651-1661. (ucsd.edu)
  • Adverse early developmental events classify schizophrenia as a 'neurodevelopmental' disorder, in which both structural and functional CNS effects might be expected. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Encompassed by the overarching category of PDD is the diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). (bsl.nl)
  • With the improved specificity of DSM-5 criteria, including the introduction of the new diagnosis "social (pragmatic) communication disorder," more consistent prevalence rates of communication disorders, distinct from ASDs, were determined. (medscape.com)
  • Under DSM-IV, pervasive developmental disorder included four separate disorders: autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative dsorder, and Rett syndrome in addition to the catch-all diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). (medscape.com)
  • The new diagnostic category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in DSM-5 sought to improve specificty of diagnosis by clarifying that ASD is not a degenerative disorder, thereby eliminating childhood disintegrative disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Most individuals diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) from DSM-IV should still meet the criteria for ASD in DSM-5 or another, more accurate DSM-5 diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • This article describes the epidemiological factors that have contributed to the reemergence of these disorders and summarizes the clinical features, microbiological diagnosis, and strategies for treatment or prevention of congenital rubella and congenital syphilis. (researchgate.net)
  • Sterzer P, Stadler C, Poutska F, Kleinschmidt A: A structural neural deficit in adolescents with conduct disorder and its association with lack of empathy. (springer.com)
  • In collaboration with the National Task Force for Early Identification of Childhood Neuromuscular Disorders, the CDC developed a Web-based diagnostic tool, www.childmuscleweakness.org , to assist providers in primary care, rehabilitation medicine, and physical and occupational therapy in the evaluation of children with motor delay and early manifestations of neuromuscular disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The description of this group was refined through a specific set of diagnostic criteria, and the term 'Multiplex Developmental Disorders' (MDD) was proposed (Cohen et al. (bsl.nl)
  • A personality disorder, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment. (medscape.com)
  • : 7 The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 's (CDC) diagnostic criteria also require at least one of the following: (1) orthostatic intolerance (difficulty sitting and standing upright) or (2) impaired memory or attention. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal temporal and prefrontal cortical gray matter thinning in psychopaths. (springer.com)
  • Abnormal ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in children with psychopathic traits during reversal learning. (springer.com)
  • There may also be developmental or acquired abnormalities in the prefrontal brain systems and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Biologic factors, such as abnormal monoaminergic functioning (especially in serotonergic function) and prefrontal neuropsychological dysfunction, have been implicated but have not been well established by research. (medscape.com)
  • A genetic contribution to paranoid traits and a possible genetic link between this personality disorder and schizophrenia exist. (medscape.com)
  • Human functions and traits are linked to cerebral networks serving different emotional and cognitive control systems, some of which rely on hemispheric specialization and integration to promote adaptive goal-directed behavior. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The diverse functions and traits governing our social behavior have been associated with lateralized neural activity. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These deficits reflect dysfunction of frontostriatal networks for which the central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamus is a critical node. (stanford.edu)
  • The alpha theta protocol was first demonstrated to be effective with posttraumatic stress disorder (11). (sierraeeg.com)
  • Psychosocial formulations point to the high prevalence of early abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional) in these patients, and the borderline syndrome is often formulated as a variant of posttraumatic stress disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers investigating each disorder separately, however, are turning up clues suggesting that the two share some genetic risk variants, brain patterns and neuropsychological features, such as cognitive, motor and language impairments. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Reading disorder results from a constellation of genetic and environmental risk factors and their interactions and not a single underlying cause. (edu.vn)
  • Although the most common etiologies for personality disorders are multifactorial, these conditions may also be secondary to biologic, developmental, or genetic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular genetic research indentified a single defect as the basis of Rett's disorder, which then clarified that not all individuals with Rett syndrome have social deficits. (medscape.com)
  • Velocardiofacial syndrome, also called Shprintzen syndrome or DiGeorge sequence, is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans. (researchgate.net)
  • With the arrival and widespread adoption of high-throughput DNA sequencing, genetic discoveries in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and genetic syndromes are advancing very quickly. (mdpi.com)
  • Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (virginia.edu)
  • The goal of this article is to provide a selective and targeted review of the neuroimaging literature on psychopathic tendencies and antisocial behavior and to explore the extent to which this literature supports recent cognitive neuroscientific models of psychopathy and antisocial behavior. (springer.com)
  • In addition to the psychological problems that substance abusers face in remaining abstinent, they also experience comorbid conditions that affect cognitive and attentional deficits. (sierraeeg.com)
  • As molecular genetics and cognitive neuroscience developed, furthering the understanding of these disorders, new criteria now grouped them under autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emphasizing deficits in social interaction. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies indicate that Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder (MCDD) children differ from PDD-NOS and autistic children on a symptom level and on psychophysiological functioning. (bsl.nl)
  • There are well-established strong associations with lower IQ and intellectual disability, specific learning and developmental problems, such as reading disability, speech and language problems, motor coordination difficulties and also autistic spectrum disorders. (pdfhost.io)
  • Inclusion criteria were: 1) individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, first episode psychosis or clinical high risk 2) assessed all six MATRICS neurocognitive domains (processing speed, attention, working memory, verbal learning & memory, visual learning & memory, reasoning & problem solving), 3) reported correlations between all six MATRICS neurocognitive domains and global NS. (mcgill.ca)
  • The most common complaint of individuals with breathing-related sleep disorder is excessive daytime sleepiness, brought on by frequent interruptions of nocturnal, or nighttime, sleep. (minddisorders.com)
  • ODD, oppositional defiant disorder. (edu.vn)
  • 19). Also, adult alcoholics report more residual-type attention deficit disorder (ADD) than controls (20). (sierraeeg.com)
  • this can lead to the development of aggressive behavior which projects a higher likelihood of a person developing ASPD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within this heterogeneous group of PDD-NOS children, Cohen and colleagues highlighted the existence of a number of children with disturbances in various areas of functioning such as the regulation of state and arousal (i.e. anxiety and fears), social relations (i.e. detached, aggressive, clingy), and thought disorders (i.e. magical thinking, unusual thoughts, and difficulties in separating fantasy from reality) (Cohen et al. (bsl.nl)
  • Researchers don't yet know whether the same genes are at play when the disorders are present separately and together. (spectrumnews.org)
  • The genes affected in both disorders - perhaps related to brain development and behavior - may be activated with age, she says. (spectrumnews.org)
  • Genetics Genetics Genetics is the study of genes and their functions and behaviors. (lecturio.com)
  • Also, families that appear 'schizophrenia-prone' exhibit higher risk for certain other psychiatric abnormalities which include schizoaffective disorder and schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Schizotypal and schizoid personality disorder are used to describe individuals who exhibit a lifelong pattern of social and interpersonal abnormalities, especially difficulties in developing close interpersonal relationships, mild perceptual distortions, and eccentric behavior. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • In patients with personality disorder, abnormalities may be seen in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. (medscape.com)
  • Mangun, G. (1995) Neural Mechanisms of Visual Selective Attention. (scirp.org)
  • Additionally, work in neural oscillations as well as neurochemistry shows deficits related to sensory processing, particularly auditory discrimination, in individuals with or at-risk for RD (14, 15). (edu.vn)
  • Haase V, Fritz A & Räsänen P (2020) Research on numerical cognition in Latin American countries (Investigación sobre cognición numérica en países latinoamericanos), Studies in Psychology, 41:2, 217-244. (nmi.fi)
  • Children with PDD-NOS demonstrated a more attention-demanding strategy of face processing, and processed neutral faces more similarly to complex patterns whereas children with MCDD showed an advantage for face recognition compared to complex patterns. (bsl.nl)
  • Across the combined sample, severity of social deficits interacted with age to predict different patterns of amygdala development in autism (P=.047). (virginia.edu)
  • Evaluating R in some detail, we found he had severe deficits in cognition, with very poor ability to remember any new information. (buddhiclinic.com)
  • Catatonia is a disturbance of motor behavior that can have either a psychological or neurological cause. (minddisorders.com)
  • and whether neurobehavioral disorders caused by chronic low-dose exposure to neurotoxicants, which may manifest as psychological distress, are a public health phenomenon near hazardous waste sites. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists and clinicians recognized that a small number of people exposed to the stress of various natural disasters, such as fires, hurricanes, and floods, could develop psychological sequelae such as major depression, chronic anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (cdc.gov)
  • Some postulate that the chronic stress documented to occur in some communities near hazardous waste sites could possibly lead to an array of biopsychosocial effects, including physical health effects from chronic stress (possible health outcomes affected by stress include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin), increases in the prevalence of certain psychological disorders, and social disruption. (cdc.gov)
  • Baum and colleagues (18) found indicators of psychophysiological effects from stress, including elevated levels of psychological distress, perceived threat, subclinical anxiety disorders, and depression in many of the community members they surveyed at TMI as compared with controls. (cdc.gov)
  • NESCA is currently booking appointments now for Neuropsychological and Psychological Evaluation Services commencing on November 1, 2023. (nesca-newton.com)
  • Historically, pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) described a group of several disparate disorders unified under the main principle of delayed language development and deficits in social interaction. (medscape.com)
  • In a study from New York, the new DSM-5 criteria for ASD were found to identify 91% of children previously diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. (medscape.com)
  • Participants were 54 males aged 8 to 25 years, including 23 with autism and 5 with Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, recruited and evaluated at an academic center for developmental disabilities and 26 age- and sex-matched community volunteers. (virginia.edu)
  • Many individuals have co-occurring disorders (CODs)-a combination of a substance use disorder (SUD) and a mental health disorder. (sagepub.com)
  • While some toddlers may be identified through pediatric screening using instruments such as the M-CHAT[5] , many children may escape clinical attention until adolescence. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this article is to provide a concise review of the clinical characteristics of this complex disorder. (researchgate.net)
  • In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology , edited by Sawyer, Amy M., and Colleen Ciano, 1236-37. (sagepub.com)
  • Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by repeated deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, and aggressiveness since 15 years old. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, individuals with autism tend to have social and communicative impairments and frequently show repetitive behaviors. (spectrumnews.org)
  • DSM-5 defines RD, within neurodevelopmental disorders, as a type of specific learning disorder (SLD) with impairment in reading that is characterized by problems with word reading accuracy, reading fluency, and reading comprehension that are not the result of sensory impairments, neurological disorders, intellectual disabilities, or inadequate educational instruction (4). (edu.vn)
  • This low arousal results in the inability or difficulty to sustain attention on any task of waning stimulation or novelty, as well as explaining compulsive hyperactive behavior. (wikipedia.org)
  • and the development of novel neuromodulatory techniques for the treatment of movement disorders, epilepsy, pain, and other neurological diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • Building a research‐community collaborative to improve community care for infants and toddlers at‐risk for autism spectrum disorders. (ucsd.edu)
  • Where such a disorder fits in the spectrum from acute disseminating encephalomeylitis to multiple sclerosis is discussed. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition to hamartomas, PTEN aberrations have been associated with a range of non-tumoural phenotypes such as macrocephaly, and research indicates possibly increased rates of developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for people with germline mutations affecting PTEN . (biomedcentral.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate amygdala volume in individuals with autism spectrum disorders and its relationship to laboratory measures of social behavior to examine whether variations in amygdala structure relate to symptom severity. (virginia.edu)
  • Karwatowska L, Russell S, Solmi F, De Stavola BL, Jaffee S , Pingault JB, Viding E . Risk factors for disruptive behaviours: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of quasi-experimental evidence. (neurotree.org)
  • Conditions with social communication deficits without clear social interaction issues are now grouped under communication disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Viding E , McCrory E. Disruptive Behavior Disorders: The Challenge of Delineating Mechanisms in the Face of Heterogeneity. (neurotree.org)
  • Cannabis-related disorders refer to problems associated with the use of substances derived from this plant. (minddisorders.com)
  • In the past, children's discipline problems, poor grades, and roughhousing with playmates might be dismissed as "rambunctious behavior. (lifeextension.com)
  • Hillyard, S., Vogel, E. and Luck, S. (1998) Sensory Gain Control (Amplification) as a Mechanism of Selective Attention: Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Evidence. (scirp.org)
  • We also review literature that describes best practice interventions for children with RD and comorbid disorders and identify areas where stronger research is important (Figure 1). (edu.vn)
  • At this time, NESCA's South Shore-based practice will offer Neuropsychological Evaluations and Projective Assessments . (nesca-newton.com)
  • Current thought among disaster relief workers holds that most people will suffer no or only transient effects from the stress of a natural disaster ( i.e. , acute stress disorder) or, in other words, 'people reacting normally to an abnormal situation' (B. Flynn, 1995, personal communication). (cdc.gov)