• Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), including neuromyelitis optica (NMO), are autoimmune diseases characterized by acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis). (wikipedia.org)
  • These conditions can appear as Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and its associated "spectrum of disorders" (NMOSD), currently considered a common syndrome for several separated diseases [16] but with some still idiopathic subtypes. (mdwiki.org)
  • Longitudinally extensive myelitis or optic neuritis associated with systemic autoimmune disease. (mdwiki.org)
  • Lesions may also affect the diencephalon, mostly in Aquaporin-4-Immunoglobulin-G (AQP4-IgG) NMOSD. (wikipedia.org)
  • NMOSD is caused by an autoimmune attack on the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] NMOSD is usually caused by autoantibodies targeting aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a channel protein in the cell membrane that allows water to pass through the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, NMOSD involving AQP4-IgG can be considered an astrocytopathy or autoimmune astrocytic channelopathy, since the astrocytes are semi-selectively destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anti-mog spectrum in children is equally variated: Out of a sample of 41 children with MOG-antibodies 29 had clinical NMOSD (17 relapsing), 8 had ADEM (4 relapsing with ADEM-ON), 3 had a single clinical event CIS, and 1 had a relapsing tumefactive disorder. (mdwiki.org)
  • Rarely, NMO may occur in the context of other autoimmune diseases (e.g. connective tissue disorders, paraneoplastic syndromes) or infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are sometimes considered different diseases from Multiple Sclerosis, [4] [5] but considered by others to form a spectrum differing only in terms of chronicity, severity, and clinical course. (mdwiki.org)
  • In more than 80% of cases, NMO is caused by immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
  • This notion has been challenged by the discovery of new membrane transport functions, especially those exerted by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins widespread in nature [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In more than 80% of cases, IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4+) are the cause, and in 10-40% of the remaining cases, IgG antibodies against MOG are the cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with severe cases may present as neonates, while those with mild HS may not come to medical attention until adulthood, when an environmental stressor uncovers their disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), including neuromyelitis optica (NMO), are autoimmune diseases characterized by acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are specific and pathogenic for neuromyelitis optica (NMO). (nih.gov)
  • The best-known example of autoimmunity against AQPs concerns the antibodies to AQP4 which are involved in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an autoimmune astrocytopathy, causing also CNS demyelination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: An increasing number of studies have elucidated a close nexus between COVID-19 phenotypes and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), yet the causality between them remains enigmatic. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective: To investigate the correlation of cognitive dysfunction with intracranial lesions and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to compare longitudinal brain atrophy in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with healthy controls (HCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently they have also contributed to the discovery of the third autoantigen in MG, the LRΡ4, and have discovered a new autoantigen for neuromyelitis optica, the aquaporin-1 . (neurodiagnostics.gr)
  • 2014), and of the anti-aquaporin-1 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica (J. Tzartos et al. (neurodiagnostics.gr)
  • In more than 80% of cases, NMO is caused by immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4), the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lesions may also affect the diencephalon, mostly in Aquaporin-4-Immunoglobulin-G (AQP4-IgG) NMOSD. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] NMOSD is usually caused by autoantibodies targeting aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a channel protein in the cell membrane that allows water to pass through the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, NMOSD involving AQP4-IgG can be considered an astrocytopathy or autoimmune astrocytic channelopathy, since the astrocytes are semi-selectively destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The atrophy rate in patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD (AQP4 + NMOSD) was compared with age-sex-matched HCs recruited from the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study and another study performed at Chiba University. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins involved in many body functions, are emerging among the targets of bioactive phytochemicals in imparting their beneficial actions. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review provides an update on the involvement of Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins with important role in many body functions, in the beneficial effects imparted by food polyphenols and herbal phytocompounds, both in health and disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins largely expressed in living organisms mediating the transport of water and some anaelectrolytes across biological membranes ( Agre, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Expression, transport properties ( Agre, 2004 ), and pharmacological gating ( Soveral and Casini, 2017 ) of AQPs are object of strong interest and intense investigation in all body districts and a number of important roles have been already described, both in health and clinical disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • In more than 80% of cases, IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4+) are the cause, and in 10-40% of the remaining cases, IgG antibodies against MOG are the cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • We describe (a) the several techniques developed for the detection of the AQP1-antibodies, with emphasis on methods that specifically identify antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of AQP1, i.e., those of potential pathogenic role, and (b) the available evidence supporting the pathogenic relevance of AQP1-antibodies in the NMOSD phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
  • Frontiers in microbiology 2013 4 172. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic variants of CC chemokine genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. (cdc.gov)
  • Aquaporin-1 water channel protein in lung: ontogeny, steroid-induced expression, and distribution in rat. (jci.org)
  • indicating reduced numbers of Tregs in CVID patients and its correlation with chronic inflammation, splenomegaly and autoimmune manifestation in these patients [17-21]. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Patients with severe cases may present as neonates, while those with mild HS may not come to medical attention until adulthood, when an environmental stressor uncovers their disorder. (medscape.com)
  • It could be concluded that all of these changes may be responsible for cellular immune dysregulation observed in these patients especially those with autoimmune manifestation. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Patients with CVID also have an increased incidence of autoimmune disorders and cancers [4-6]. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • We also evaluated for the first time the mRNA expression of surface markers CTLA-4 and GITR, which are associated with the inhibitory functions of Tregs in CVID patients and compared the results with healthy controls. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Eighteen sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers who have no history of autoimmune disease, malignancy and/or any immunodeficiency were chosen as control group. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a familial hemolytic disorder associated with a variety of mutations that lead to defects in red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypogammaglobulinaemia, defective specific antibody production and an increased susceptibility to recurrent and chronic infections [1-3]. (micrornainhibitors.com)