• Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein also known as 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or FLAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5AP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 macrophages had a high level expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). (cdc.gov)
  • Both genes encode enzymes, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), which suggest novel treatment strategies for stroke prevention. (rais.is)
  • FLAP is necessary for the activation of 5-lipoxygenase and therefore for the production of leukotrienes, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, and specialized pro-resolving mediators of the lipoxin and resolvin classes. (wikipedia.org)
  • FLAP functions as a membrane anchor for 5-lipooxygenase and as an amine acid-bind protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • How FLAP activates 5-lipooxygenase is not completely understood, but there is a physical interaction between the two. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukotrienes, which require the FLAP protein to be synthesized, have an established pathological role in allergic and respiratory diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon stimulation of the cell, 5-LO translocates to the nuclear membrane where it is found in association with 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) and with the 85 kDa cPLA 2 . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Abnormal expression of 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) has been detected in many tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that miR-146a expression is overexpressed, while FLAP protein and mRNA are suppressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and HepG2 cells compared to para-carcinoma tissues and HL-7702 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) has two main branches: 1) AA is converted by COX-1 and COX-2 into prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane (TX), and 2) the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) create leukotrienes (LT) in the other arm of the pathway [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It translocates to the nuclear membrane upon stimulation, where it co-localizes with 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emerging data implicate both 5-LOX and FLAP in the disease process of cerebral ischemia [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MK-886 is an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). (targetmol.jp)
  • This is illustrated by considering the effect of lipid tail length and headgroup charge on the distortion caused by the integral membrane proteins MscS and FLAP, and by the voltage sensing domain from the channel KvAP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators derived from the 5-lypoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism [ 1 ], initially identified to have important effects on pathogenetic aspects of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma and approved in the late 1990s for the relief of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms, and the treatment of mild persistent bronchial asthma [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Description: The ALOX5 gene encodes a member of the lipoxygenase gene family and plays a dual role in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. (glideruniversity.org)
  • MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. (nature.com)
  • Eicosanoids are formed from arachidonic acid (AA) through different enzymatic pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, synthesizing prostanoids and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, generating leukotrienes (LTs) 8 . (nature.com)
  • Leukotrienes derived from 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) cause inflammation and are thus involved in the pathobiology of stroke injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mainstay of treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sorafenib [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test the neuroprotective efficacy of 5-LOX inhibition in a rat model of focal cerebral IR, ischemic animals were either pre- or post-treated with a potent selective 5-LOX inhibitor, (N- [3-[3-(-fluorophenoxy) phenyl]-1-methyl-2-propenyl]- N -hydroxyurea (BW-B 70C). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we used a 5-LOX inhibitor, N- [3-[3-(-fluorophenoxy) phenyl]-1-methyl-2-propenyl]- N -hydroxyurea (BW-B 70C), in a rat model of focal cerebral IR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The enhancing effect was also evident with endogenous cysLTs produced from immunologically activated mast cells because inhibition of cysLT action by montelukast or cysLT synthesis by MK886, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, reduced the response of Th2 cells to the levels produced by PGD(2) alone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Two other structurally different 5-LOX inhibitors were also administered post IR: caffeic acid and 2, 3, 5-trimethyl-6- [12-hydroxy-5, 10-dodecadiynyl]-1, 4-benzoquinone (AA-861). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In unstimulated cells, p50:p65 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitory proteins known as NF-κB inhibitors (IκBs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) [ 13 ], and 5-lipoxygenase gene activating protein (ALOX5AP) [ 14 ], were shown to be significantly related with ischemic stroke due to progressive changes in the walls of blood vessels resulting in the increased atherosclerosis process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over 100 pathogenic mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, an evolutionarily highly conserved transmembrane receptor protein regulating cell fate, 4 are known to almost always lead to an odd number of cysteine residues in one of the 34 epidermal growth factor like repeats in the extracellular domain of the Notch3 protein. (bmj.com)
  • By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Recently, we have demonstrated that PLA 2 and 5-LOX are involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS gene expression via dependent and independent NF-κB pathways in glial cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concurrently, MONDs can overcome autophagy-induced therapeutic resistance frequently occurring in conventional nutrient deprivation therapy by activating AKT/mTOR pathway phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fisetin also activated the ERK pathway. (redolaughlin.com)
  • Here we report that MDM from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild disease show an inflammatory transcriptional and metabolic imprint that lasts for at least 5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
  • Pro-inflammatory 5-LOX metabolites were selectively increased in post COVID-19 MDM, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming that contributes to long-term alterations in innate immune cell function. (nature.com)
  • These include biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-5 and interleukin-13, inhaled ultra long-acting β 2 -agonists and once daily inhaled corticosteroids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fisetin has anti-inflammatory traits that inhibit the 5-lipoxygenase protein enzyme (5LO), which is key to treating AD. (redolaughlin.com)
  • The encoded protein, which is expressed specifically in bone marrow-derived cells, catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6-trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid, and further to the allylic epoxide 5(S)-trans-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetrenoic acid (leukotriene A4). (glideruniversity.org)
  • 5-Lipoxygenase, Human, Recombinant, S. fruigiperda 5-Lipoxygenase, Human, Recombinant, S. frugiperda E.C 1.13.11.34, catalyzes the formation of 5(S)-HpETE from arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to leukotriene A4. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • 5-LO catalyzes the formation of 5(S)-HpETE from arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to leukotriene A 4 . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Synaptic proteins were maintained at functional levels, and markers of inflammation were reduced. (redolaughlin.com)
  • 5LO (5-lipoxygenase) modulates oxidation and inflammation. (redolaughlin.com)
  • Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Therefore, we designed a protein-free dispersion media containing phospholipids and amino acids in an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution, a solution for nasal and olfactory transport (SNOT). (cdc.gov)
  • Isosilybin A is a partial PPARγ agonist, it significantly induced ABCA1 protein expression, it inhibited both monophenolase (IC50=1.7-7.6μM) and diphenolase (IC5. (targetmol.jp)
  • INT-131, is a novel, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD), selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma modulator, which can be used for the treatment. (targetmol.jp)
  • Moreover, we investigated the effects of RvD1 on IL-4-induced activation of signal transducer and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conserved salt-bridge competition triggered by phosphorylation regulates the protein interactome. (uchicago.edu)
  • It undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by C-SRC PROTEIN PP60 and plays a regulatory role in CAVEOLAE formation. (nih.gov)
  • Cholinergic muscarinic receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor super-family and are further divided into 5 subtypes, M 1 to M 5 . (justia.com)
  • Papel del receptor de vitamina D en la progresión del ciclo celular y la senescencia de las células de músculo liso vascular. (udl.cat)
  • In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. (targetmol.jp)
  • Kim E, Cho KO, Rothschild A, Sheng M. Heteromultimerization and NMDA receptor-clustering activity of Chapsyn-110, a member of the PSD-95 family of proteins. (umassmed.edu)
  • CGDB: a database of membrane protein/lipid interactions by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Membrane protein function and stability has been shown to be dependent on the lipid environment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, we developed a high-throughput computational approach for the prediction of membrane protein/lipid interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the current study, we enhanced this approach with the addition of a new measure of the distortion caused by membrane proteins on a lipid bilayer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • lipid headgroups distort in order to interact with very similar but not identical regions in these proteins for all bilayer widths investigated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Leukotriene synthesis was further enhanced by glucocorticoids and remained elevated at 3-5 months, but had returned to baseline at 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
  • Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Mouse Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
  • Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (glideruniversity.org)
  • Treatment of murine macrophages (J774A.1) with Mitsui-7 MWCNTsincreased the expression of Alox5 mRNA and protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • FEAST: A flow cytometry-based toolkit for interrogating microglial engulfment of synaptic and myelin proteins. (harvard.edu)
  • Recombinant, human 5-Lipoxygenase expressed in S. fruigiperda insect cells using a baculovirus overexpression system. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In response to the presence of certain activating substances, including oxidized LDL, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), leukocytes migrate into the wall of the artery (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)
  • Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
  • The study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of 5-LOX inhibition through down-regulation of NF-κB in a rat model of experimental stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)
  • It is an integral protein within the nuclear membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. (curehunter.com)
  • Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported. (uchicago.edu)
  • The AA, a normal component of cell membrane phospholipids, serve as substrate for prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) syntases-1 and -2, also known as cycloxygenase (COX)-1 and -2, lipoxygenase (5-, 12-, or 15) (LO), or cytochrome p450 enzymes [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The 5-, 12- and 15-HETE are the main forms but others have been detected (8-, 9-, 11-, 15-, 17-, 18-, 19- and 20-HETE, the 16- to 20-HETE being formed via cytochrome P450). (gerli.com)
  • 5 The prevalence of CADASIL is likely underestimated, as clinical suspicion along with laboratory diagnosis is required. (bmj.com)
  • The effect of LTE(4) was inhibited by montelukast but not by the P2Y(12) antagonist methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genes have been cloned for all 5 sub-types and of these, M 1 , M 2 and M 3 receptors have been extensively pharmacologically characterized in animal and human tissue. (justia.com)
  • Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. (nature.com)
  • LTs exert their biological effects by activating specific receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 22 - 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These regio-specific enzymatic reactions between oxygen and polyunsaturated fatty acids formed new compounds, named oxylipins, which are most frequently with the S-configuration (5-HpETE, 12-HpETE or 15-HpETE). (gerli.com)
  • The plant C18 fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, can be converted by the enzymes a -dioxygenase, 9- or 13-lipoxygenase, giving rise to a multitude of oxylipins. (gerli.com)
  • They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. (curehunter.com)
  • It is currently known that the infection in deciduous and permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesion is polymicrobial, with a predominance of strict anaerobic microorganisms, particularly Gram-negative 1,3-5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Trends in Molecular Medicine , 11 (5), 217-224. (rais.is)