• During the second half of the 20th century, barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) has been widely used as a model organism for studying biological processes such as photosynthesis and chloroplast development. (mdpi.com)
  • Importantly, these techniques are being continuously improved to model complex biological processes taking place in our bodies. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Past empirical limitations are also responsible for the lack of a general theory to describe history dependent movement processes, as detection of features that would distinguish between Markov and non-Markov model predictions were not attainable. (conference-service.com)
  • Currently, movement data may reach unprecedented resolution, and there is a renewed interest in developing non-Markov movement models, exemplified by recent theoretical studies to devise general prescriptions to simulate non-Markov stochastic processes. (conference-service.com)
  • The main aim of this thesis was to investigate potential ecological constraints on this biological recovery, ranging from interactions between individuals to ecosystem-level processes, using a model stream system that has been extensively studied for over 40 years. (bl.uk)
  • In him, we have a blueprint for navigating the 21st century. (htmlgiant.com)
  • In the early decades of the 21st century scientists, and various independent researchers, have been blazing trails into new frontiers. (world-mysteries.com)
  • The vegetation in Yosemite National Park changed during the 20th century and may change in the 21st century in response to climate change. (oregonstate.edu)
  • For more than 300 years, they served as the foundation for numerical labour, but the development of mechanical adding machines in the late 19th century and computers in the 20th century made them obsolete for large-scale calculations. (extramarks.com)
  • The currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the late 19th century (1871) by Edward Tylor . (wikipedia.org)
  • During the second half of the 19th century, a personal courtesy in formal attire was required from the curator to borrow the key to the collection. (lu.se)
  • The zoological collection has extensive collections of this group of animals, collected during expeditions or research projects since the first half of the 19th century and until today. (lu.se)
  • Since the middle of the 19th century, the zoological collection has had a regular increase in the collection of marine material from the coast of Skåne, including Öresund, in both Swedish and Danish waters. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of this workshop is to bring together scientists interested in different areas of complex movement in a biological context, from field research, to data analysis, to theoretical modelling. (conference-service.com)
  • The robot has discovered simple but new scientific knowledge about the genomics of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism that scientists use to model more complex life systems. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Thus it will be necessary for human and robot scientists to work together to achieve the goals of biological research. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The information gleaned from fossil bones along with observations of both the movement and the musculature of living animal species help scientists model how non-avian dinosaurs may have moved. (amnh.org)
  • Scientists funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) have created a Robot Scientist which the researchers believe is the first machine to have independently discovered new scientific knowledge. (eurekalert.org)
  • With the recent development of anatomically detailed synthetic network models of the entire cerebral circulation, it is now possible to perform detailed simulations of physiology in realistic brains of small animals and humans on the computer. (conference-service.com)
  • Aristotle and other Greek philosophers quickly understood that animals could be used as models to help understand humans as physiological entities as both share many behavioural, physiological and anatomical characteristics. (bionomous.ch)
  • While most experiments in the 20th century were 2D-based (in 2D cultures cells are grown on a flat surface, such as the bottom of a petri dish or flask), the end of twentieth century and early twenty‐first century brought the progress in 3D cell culture technology and created the possibility of the tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine development. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Discoveries and studies of other Neandertal remains in the 19th and early 20th centuries gave rise to theories and images of a stereotypical, hunched-over caveman. (washington.edu)
  • Today, CPR can be viewed similarly to the way one might consider a Model T Ford, which represented a significant leap in innovation over its predecessors upon its introduction in the early 20th century, but pales in comparison to the performance vehicles of today. (nyu.edu)
  • These topics are generally absent in many texts, which often have a bias toward the mathematics of 19th- through early 20th-century physics. (umd.edu)
  • Some consider Barnum Brown, who began his career at the American Museum of Natural History in 1897, to be one of the greatest dinosaur hunters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (amnh.org)
  • Separation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, supported by Descartes's conception of the 'mind' as an ontologically distinct entity and by the reproducibility of neuropathological abnormalities, dominated medicine in the 19th and early 20th centuries [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Art critic Ossian Ward has written that Wassily Kandinsky strove to evoke sound through sight and create the painterly equivalent of a symphony that would stimulate not just the eyes but the ears as well.µ One of the great artists of the early 20th century, Kandinsky was born on December 4, 1866 in Moscow, to well-educated, upper-class parents. (cdc.gov)
  • Cannabis was widely used for a variety of medical ailments throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, until a series of federal laws beginning in the 1930s penalized the sale and use of medicinal cannabis and ended its legitimate medical use 16 . (cdc.gov)
  • International traders spread smallpox throughout the Old World during the 4th-15th centuries CE, while European explorers and conquerors brought the disease to the Western Hemisphere in the early 16th century. (medscape.com)
  • There has progressively been increased recognition of the need to address behavioural, lifestyle (harmful cultural practices) and other underlying socioeconomic, physical and biological factors, referred to here as the broad determinants of health, so as to improve health. (who.int)
  • Not only do animal models provide answers to scientific questions and make major breakthroughs in basic science and medical research possible but they are also incredibly important for the development and testing of new vaccines and therapies . (bionomous.ch)
  • He and Dr. James Watson had just mapped the structure of DNA, in one of the fundamental scientific breakthroughs of the 20th Century. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe a computational methodology allowing to systematically and quantitatively characterize a Boolean mathematical model of a biological network in terms of genetic interactions between all loss of function and gain of function mutations with respect to all model phenotypes or outputs. (researchgate.net)
  • The use of this methodology for validating mathematical models from experimental data and designing new experiments is discussed. (researchgate.net)
  • Research undertaken by modern chemical and biological engineers incorporates a wide range of mathematical principles and methods. (umd.edu)
  • This book came about as the authors struggled to incorporate modern topics into a one- or two-semester course sequence for new graduate students, while not losing the essential aspects of traditional mathematical modeling syllabi. (umd.edu)
  • However, the natural logarithm, whose base e is equal to 2.71828 and is denoted by the symbol ln n, is still among the most valuable mathematical operations, with applications to mathematical models in both the Physical and Biological Sciences. (extramarks.com)
  • Hydrodynamic methods, developed by Leo Kadanoff and Paul Martin during the middle of the 20th th century, are a distinctive variety of multiscale mathematical models of many-body physical systems. (nd.edu)
  • Some additional background: Across the sciences, multiscale models are taken to be mathematical or conceptual models of systems that exhibit multiple types of characteristic behavior at different length, time, or energy scales. (nd.edu)
  • Andrei is also director of the research group International Center for Mathematical Modeling (ICMM) and organizer of some 20 conferences in the field of quantum theory at Linnaeus University. (lnu.se)
  • The Växjö series of quantum theory conferences is arranged by ICMM, International Center for Mathematical Modeling in physics, engineering and cognitive sciences , at Linnaeus University in Växjö, Sweden. (lnu.se)
  • With the emergence of genome manipulation technologies, other species could be genetically modified, creating a larger panel of organism models available for biomedical research. (bionomous.ch)
  • Although initial experiments were purely observational and comparative with the intent to learn more about human physiology and anatomy, animals quickly became models for translational research in numerous biological fields, mostly to contribute to human and animal health. (bionomous.ch)
  • Because biological organisms are so complex it is important that the details of biological experiments are recorded in great detail. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Paleontologists incorporate the research of biomechanics, applying the principles of both physics and engineering to reconstruct the biological movement of non-avian dinosaurs. (amnh.org)
  • Since the 18th century, the collections have grown continuously through private donations and researchers' collections of animals on land and in water, which means that today we have a rich collection of both domestic and foreign species from around the world and which we still proudly manage for the future. (lu.se)
  • Variola major was the predominant endemic strain throughout the world, and by the end of the 18th century, it was responsible for approximately 400,000 deaths a year in Europe. (medscape.com)
  • We argue that Mayr's formulation has acted to stabilize the dominant evolutionary paradigm against change but may now hamper progress in the biological sciences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Automation was the driving force behind much of the 19th and 20th century progress, and this is likely to continue. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The work, which was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) was published today, 03 April 2009, in the journal Science . (cam.ac.uk)
  • The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) is the UK funding agency for research in the life sciences. (eurekalert.org)
  • Specified Elective Courses" must exclusively be selected from amongst a list of courses within the categories of either "Pollution Control and Modeling", or "Molecular Ecology and Microbial Biotechnology", or "Socio-Ecological Sustainability" concentration areas. (boun.edu.tr)
  • This workshop brings together collaborative teams of modellers, statisticians, epidemiologists, genomics experts, public health decision-makers, and those implementing and delivering interventions who have been working together in a research network, aiming to increase Canada's capacity for data-driven emerging infectious disease modelling to directly support future public health decisions. (conference-service.com)
  • Combining Poiseuille's hemodynamic simulations with advection/diffusion equations describing oxygen diffusion, the human brain metabolism can now be modeled in-silico, by integrating tissue oxygen consumption and differential equations describing compartments associated with neural and glial brain cells. (conference-service.com)
  • In parallel, energy metabolism regulation in the brain and its modeling has greatly progressed over the past few decades. (conference-service.com)
  • Professor Oliver of Wolfson College and his post-doc Pnar Pir participated in the construction of the logical model of yeast metabolism that formed Adam's background knowledge. (cam.ac.uk)
  • His name is written in gold letters in the history of the newest and most revolutionary sciences of the 20th century - Cybernetics . (romfilatelia.ro)
  • The mechanical models of the universe are being sloughed off and a fresh, revolutionary vision has emerged. (world-mysteries.com)
  • Their foundations had been established in late nineteenth century and they became a standard laboratory practice in the twentieth century. (ed.ac.uk)
  • 4. By the mid 20th century, the Public Health model was well established and technologies for manipulating the physical environment were regarded as the ultimate answer to critical health issues. (who.int)
  • As a species of scientific reasoning, hydrodynamic methods contrast with "bottom-up" methods for constructing models of physical systems by modeling the behavior of the smallest units in a system. (nd.edu)
  • As the use of such models has become increasingly prevalent in the sciences over the last half-century, philosophers of science have become increasingly motivated to articulate how these models support the accurate description of physical (or biological, or economic, etc.) behavior and the reliable acquisition of knowledge from scientific modeling. (nd.edu)
  • Cannabis industry workers face unique workplace safety and health risks, including exposures to chemical, biological, and physical hazards 31 . (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic factors contribute to the variable responses of workers to occupational hazards--particularly chemical hazards and some biological and physical agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, modelling these interactions in animals is crucial for understanding and validating human data . (bionomous.ch)
  • For most of the 20th century, the pendulum swung strongly towards a psychiatric model of functional disorder/conversion disorder. (bmj.com)
  • As biological abnormalities are increasingly identified among patients with psychiatric disorders, the distinction between neurological and psychiatric illness fades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We argue that our general model represents a powerful tool for the study of a wide range of biological and societal questions. (nature.com)
  • For Repo, feminists such as Kate Millett and Nancy Chodorow, who embrace gender to argue against biological essentialism, become inextricably bound up with neoliberal biopolitics and capitalism. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • The use of 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models to more faithfully recapitulate in vivo tumour biology within the laboratory is accelerating rapidly as a result of advances in 3D bioprinting, tissue organoids, microfluidic and automated high content confocal screening technologies. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Together, these advances in the mid-20th century set the stage for today's crystallographers to fathom how complex and tiny biological structures are put together, and find new ways of treating disease. (iop.org)
  • The group's advances in machine learning have led to its deep involvement in solving important biological problems in functional genomics, systems biology and metabolomics, and also chemical problems including drug design and coherent control. (eurekalert.org)
  • Our results reveal that the conclusions about how hybridization threatens a species can be biased if they are based on single-gene models, while considering two or more genes can correct this bias. (nature.com)
  • Although its primary role in basic research has been overshadowed by the more "user-friendly" model species Arabidopsis thaliana , barley retains some peculiar features and has great potential for basic research studies. (mdpi.com)
  • The extensive acidification of fresh waters across Europe and North America during the 20th century led to extensive and widespread loss of species, which fundamentally changed the structure of resident communities. (bl.uk)
  • The scientific study of cognitive development in young children traces its roots back to Jean Piaget, a pioneer of this field in the 20th century ( Piaget, 1954 , 1983 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Models of pain behavior that interrelate biologic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables form the basis for cognitive-behavioral and operant-behavioral approaches to adult pain management. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate how genes and phenotypes are transmitted, we developed a general model that, for the first time, considers concurrently: multiple loci, quantitative and qualitative gene expression, assortative mating, dominance/recessivity inheritance and density-dependent demographic effects. (nature.com)
  • Finally, future evo-devo models may require what [http://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/lucia-jacobs Lucia Jacobs] refers to as "cog-evo-devo" (Jacobs 2012), the recognition that both information and cognition evolve and develop, are causal agents in the dynamics of complex replicators, and are increasingly important in determining their future, via niche construction, as higher intelligence emerges. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Finally, future evo-devo models may require what [http://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/lucia-jacobs Lucia Jacobs] refers to as "cog-evo-devo" (Jacobs 2012), the recognition that both information and cognition evolve and develop, are causal agents in the dynamics of complex replicators, and are increasingly important in determining their future, via such mechanisms as collective ethics, empathy, and niche construction, as higher intelligence emerges. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • Models of Neandertal bones, including skulls, a pelvis and a hand, are housed in collections in the UW Department of Anthropology. (washington.edu)
  • Over the past decade, virtual reconstruction has become more commonplace in biological anthropology, Kramer explained. (washington.edu)
  • But the rise of theoretical and systems ecology and its models, including ecological energetics, panarchy, and ascendancy, can be viewed as supporting the idea that ecologies themselves both evolve and develop. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • The recipe for success appeared obvious: Tweeze apart biological pathways in model systems, and pinpoint molecular targets likely to be pivotal in a disease process. (transcellonco.science)
  • above Modelling of Dynamic Biological Systems. (shotglass.org)
  • In a long and distinguished career, Hodgkin developed techniques - still applied today - which she used to solve the structures of numerous complex biological molecules. (iop.org)
  • While molecules and tissues can be studied in vitro using various imagery techniques, complex tissues and organs need to be studied in vivo in order to understand the high level of complexity of each mechanism regulated by numerous biological signals (2). (bionomous.ch)
  • The aims of machine learning are to develop a set of tools for modelling and understanding complex data sets. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) and few other representatives of Korean biological products manufacturers participated in the workshop. (who.int)
  • Political Project of the undergraduate courses in which they are inserted, the teaching method is predominantly traditional with desire for changes to use active methods, the teaching content has a primarily biological focus and the devaluation of the profession of professor is also present. (bvsalud.org)
  • As mice were the first animals to be inbred and used to create a pool of genetically identical organisms, they remained for a long time the most popular laboratory model . (bionomous.ch)
  • Reconstructing past environments is a key initiative within current attempts to i) contextualise contemporary environmental change, ii) model the Earth's climate and iii) predict future climate and associated environmental change. (tmsoc.org)
  • Palaeoenvironmental research is of critical importance due to the relative lack of reliable documented climate records predating the 20th century. (tmsoc.org)
  • This has resulted in the use of biological climate 'proxies', often microfossils preserved within sedimentary archives, to provide qualitative and quantitative reconstructions of the past, in terms of climate and environmental conditions. (tmsoc.org)
  • It can be difficult to distinguish use of a biological-warfare (BW) agent from a natural outbreak of disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But in the 1950s and 1960s, American researchers and psychiatrists who were working with intersexual and transsexual populations distinguished between psychological sex that was learned (gender) and biological sex. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Appeared as a total novelty in 1907, the biological dioramas made part of Antipa's museological innovations regarding the organization, the manner of display, the arrangement and explanation of collections in a museum of natural history all of these stirring up the interest of specialists from Europe and the United States, where older museums than the one from Bucharest, quickly adopted the invention. (romfilatelia.ro)
  • Most of medical and scientific discoveries related to the human anatomy, physiology and pathology were made possible thanks to animal modelling . (bionomous.ch)
  • In particular, the availability of a sequenced genome, protocols for genome transformation and editing, the presence of a canopy, and a proplastid-to-chloroplast developmental gradient across the leaf blade, together with the unique large collections of natural genetic diversity and mutant populations, make barley a perfect model for chloroplast research. (mdpi.com)
  • In the beginning of the 20th century, the use of animal models became very popular not only for observational research but also for experimental purposes . (bionomous.ch)
  • Rodents were the animal of choice for biological research (1). (bionomous.ch)
  • Although the use of animal models for biomedical research is essential, it remains a highly discussed topic and raises several animal protection and welfare concerns. (bionomous.ch)
  • The research: Wein created models of traced vaccination response - that is, treating only those infected and those who might have come in contact with the infected - and mass vaccination to find traced vaccination could lead to 100,000 to 1 million more deaths. (stanford.edu)
  • The research: Wein created a model to examine the hypothetical release of 1 kilogram of anthrax in a metropolitan area the size of New York City. (stanford.edu)
  • The research: Wein analyzed the model of milk distribution (and weaknesses in the supply chain) in the United States to find that 4 grams slipped into a milk production facility could cause serious harm - even death - to 400,000 people. (stanford.edu)
  • Established in 1872, Aberystwyth University's twenty-first century mission is to be a first-class, internationally-competitive, teaching and research University which is responsive to the needs of its local community, of Wales and of the wider world. (eurekalert.org)
  • Colleagues, We have completed a new textbook, 'Modeling and Analysis Principles for Chemical and Biological Engineers. (umd.edu)
  • Using CT scans of fossils from an approximately 60,000-year-old male skeleton known as Kebara 2 , researchers were able to create a 3D model of the chest - one that is different from the longstanding image of the barrel-chested, hunched-over "caveman. (washington.edu)
  • For this model of the thorax, researchers used both direct observations of the Kebara 2 skeleton, currently housed at Tel Aviv University, and medical CT scans of vertebrae, ribs and pelvic bones, along with 3D software designed for scientific use. (washington.edu)
  • The book will be of substantial interest to active researchers, as it is in many respects a survey of the applied mathematics commonly encountered by chemical and biological engineering practitioners, and contains many topics that were almost certainly absent in their chemical engineering graduate coursework. (umd.edu)
  • Odobleja's originality and clear-sightedness exceeded by far the patterns and models of traditional scientific knowledge. (romfilatelia.ro)
  • A biological technician decontaminates a scene of an Anthrax outbreak that took place in Scotland in 2007. (stanford.edu)
  • This series was generated by the revolution in quantum information theory at the end of the 20th century. (lnu.se)
  • Biological dioramas were created for the first time in the world in Bucharest, at the Museum of Natural History, by Grigore Antipa (1867-1944), the manager of the museum between 1893 and 1944. (romfilatelia.ro)
  • Such use is contrary to international law and has rarely taken place during formal warfare in modern history, despite the extensive preparations and stockpiling of biological agents carried out during the 20th century by most major powers (including development of strains resistant to multiple drugs). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Society's successes in the past century have transformed medicine-and revealed weaknesses in our approach to the treatment of patients and the development of medical products. (transcellonco.science)
  • We'll cover plays, films, short stories, novels and poetry from the sixteenth century to the modern day. (lancaster.ac.uk)
  • Yet the nature-nurture binary continues to be a mainstay of feminist theory, challenging biological determinism and its control of the female body for reproduction. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Several current debates in biology (for example, over evolution and development, niche construction, cooperation, and the evolution of language) are linked by a common axis of acceptance/rejection of Mayr's model of causation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In his presentation, Dr Lei reminded the participants that, as called by WHO constitution, development, establishment and promotion of international standards with respect to biological and pharmaceutical products is one of WHO's core business which has been excelled over the last 60 years. (who.int)
  • His presentation outlined the tragic incidents of the 20th Century which contributed to the birth and development of GMP which included contamination of diphtheria toxoid with tetanus toxin (1901), Death elixir (1937), Sulfathiazole tablets (1941), Cutter incident (1955), Thalidomide tragedy (1960s), Devonport incident (1972) and contaminated heparin (2008). (who.int)
  • Experimentally characterized genetic interaction networks in model organisms provide important insights into relationships between different biological functions. (researchgate.net)
  • It will hopefully come to rest on a model where both 'neurology and psychiatry', 'brain and mind' are equally important in considering the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. (bmj.com)
  • Therefore, it is extremely important to consciously select the appropriate model for each study. (bionomous.ch)
  • For centuries, people throughout the world have discovered amazing fossilized bones and footprints. (amnh.org)
  • There have been many in silico studies based on a Boolean network model to investigate network sensitivity against gene or interaction mutations. (researchgate.net)
  • Test promising lead compounds in animal models of disease, and optimize the winners by using medicinal chemistry. (transcellonco.science)
  • Volume 100E and previous IARC for tobacco smoke and its constit- established animal models for the Monographs and certain reviews on uents. (who.int)
  • The focus of the interview is the topic of artists and models. (si.edu)
  • Mr Maqueda concluded his presentation by listing essential elements of WHO basic GMP as wel as GMP for biological products with worldwide focus on quality risk management (QRM) thinking and considerations. (who.int)
  • While attempts to limit or halt acidifying emissions have been successful in reversing the chemical consequences of acidification, any corresponding biological recovery has been patchy at best. (bl.uk)
  • The text is designed to support the first semester graduate analysis class taught at most chemical and biological engineering departments. (umd.edu)
  • Management of outbreaks due to biological warfare does not differ from that of natural outbreaks except that clinicians must be alert for unusual antibiotic resistance patterns. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Model T analogy is apt from a biological perspective as well-CPR can certainly reverse death in select circumstances, but it cannot remotely match the performance of the human heart and lungs. (nyu.edu)