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Echoing Sweden's position that no trade preferences could be granted to Western Saharan products under the EU-Morocco trade deal , the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled in December 2016 that no EU trade or association agreement with Morocco can be applied to the territory of Western Sahara, unless with the explicit consent of the people of the territory. (wsrw.org)

Morocco shipped 1.93 million tonnes of phosphate out of occupied Western Sahara in 2018, worth an estimated $164 million, new report shows. (wsrw.org)
While this is good news for 2017, overall growth is expected to decline in 2018 as the price of phosphates remains low. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The country's budget deficit will reach 3.7% of GDP in 2017 before a slight decrease to 3.4% in 2018. (moroccoonthemove.com)

The Swedish industrial group that in recent years has refused to answer questions on its participation in Morocco's phosphate plunder in Western Sahara now claims the exploitation of the conflict mineral is legal. (wsrw.org)

The export of phosphate rock from occupied Western Sahara has never been lower than in 2019. (wsrw.org)

Another security issue is the conflict in the Western Sahara between Morocco and the Polisario Front, with fighting recently breaking out again, ending a 29-year old ceasefire. (atradius.it)
The judicial activism in a relatively uncharted area in this field, external relations, was analyzed through a qualitative case study of the CJEU case Polisario Front , concerning the application of a EU trade agreement to the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. (lu.se)
The area 446550km2 excludes all disputed territories, while 710850km2 includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front ). (explained.today)

That said, the phosphate-mining industry (which accounts for 9% of GDP) held up well, with exports increasing by 4% in 2020. (atradius.it)

Chinese companies have previously been active in infrastructure projects such as the suspension bridge linking Rabat and Sale, among the largest of its kind in Africa. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The principal partners are the Chinese aviation group Haite , BMCE's Bank of Africa, and the government of Morocco represented by the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima regional authorities. (moroccoonthemove.com)
According to its website , the Forum provides a multinational platform for CEOs of African and international companies, financial specialists, investors, bankers, thought-leaders, and public sector leaders to exchange information and develop projects in Africa and internationally, and develop strategies to address the economic and industrial challenges facing the continent. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Algeria is sandwiched between Tunisia and Morocco on the north coast of Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. (istizada.com)
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . (explained.today)
A territory lying in North-Western Africa, Western Sahara borders Morocco in the north, Algeria in the north-east, Mauritania in the east and in the south, and its north-western coast borders the Atlantic Ocean. (techsb.ca)
Whilst most conflict over resources in North Africa are emerging over the scarcity of resources such as water , the Western Sahara conflict has the potential to be revived over the presence of valuable resources such as fisheries and phosphate. (techsb.ca)

Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified. (explained.today)

Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most people, but half of the country's food is still imported. (countryreports.org)

The Western Sahara faces new hostilities, and the conflict is turning to a resource-based one. (techsb.ca)

Following Spain's withdrawal, Western Sahara was invaded militarily by Morocco and Mauritania. (techsb.ca)

Green Members of the European Parliament Judith Sargentini (the Netherlands) and Florent Marcellesi (Spain) have sent a letter to the EU's High Representative, Federica Mogherini , requesting her immediate attention this "urgent matter that potentially implies a serious breach of EU legislation, ECJ case-law and public international law, in relation to EU trade in goods originated in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)
The political situation is rather stable, with King Mohammed VI holding most political power in his hands, while the powers of the parliament and government are limited. (atradius.it)
Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. (state.gov)
[16] Morocco is a unitary semi- constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. (explained.today)

The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago, and the first Moroccan state was established by Idris I in 788. (explained.today)
To date, large parts of Western Sahara are controlled by the Moroccan Governmentand known as the Southern Provinces, whereas some 20% of the Western Sahara territory remains controlled by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). (techsb.ca)

Foreign observers characterized the 2017 legislative elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day but noted a lack of transparency in vote-counting procedures. (state.gov)

In 1991, a truce was negotiated with the promise on a referendum on the right to self-determination of Western Saharan inhabitants, the Sahrawi. (lu.se)

It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east , and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south . (explained.today)

WSRW has today sent the alleged importer, De Nederlandse Zoutbank, a letter to inquire about their import and the measures taken by the firm to obtain the consent of the Saharawi people to the export. (wsrw.org)

A few days before this statement, the French government cut official development assistance (ODA) to Mali because it believed that Mali's government is "allied to Wagner's Russian mercenaries. (midwesternmarx.com)

Though Sweden's official discourse on Western Sahara is rooted in the legal principles applicable to the occupied territory of Western Sahara, subsequent Swedish governments have done remarkably little to firmly anchor that stance in concrete policy vis-à-vis the Swedish business sector. (wsrw.org)
The Court's ruling was thus in line with the position that subsequent Dutch governments have maintained for years. (wsrw.org)

A source at the port of Dordrecht confirmed to WSRW that the salt is purchased by De Nederlandse Zoutbank (DNZB), a privately owned company specializing in storage of de-icing salt. (wsrw.org)

Operated by 300 Russian servicemen, the base would support as many as four Russian naval vessels at a time (see EDM , December 6, 2017). (aberfoylesecurity.com)

The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. (state.gov)

Polisario Front1, the liberation movement of Western Sahara, had fought to claim its independence but failed to do so. (lu.se)
Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. (explained.today)

50,000 tonnes of liquified gas arrived in occupied Western Sahara last year, according to our first overview of this key trade. (wsrw.org)
On 21 December 2017, the Supreme Court of the European Union ruled that the EU's trade and association agreements with Morocco could not be lawfully applied to Western Sahara , which ought to be considered a Third State. (wsrw.org)
Four years have passed since the EU Court of Justice ruled that products from occupied Western Sahara cannot be part of EU's trade agreements with Morocco. (wsrw.org)
The Central Bank continued its conservative, and successful, management of interest rates as inflation, the national budget deficit, and the trade deficit are projected to rise slightly in 2017. (moroccoonthemove.com)
For its part, the government of Morocco will continue its economic development projects in the north, including the high speed train scheduled to begin service within the next year, expansion of the free trade zones around TangerMed Port, and additional excavation of the deepwater harbor facilities. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Much of this is due to the decline in the price of phosphates, resulting in a 3.3% trade deficit. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Overall, the news is good: the economy is steady and performing soundly resulting in controlled inflation, minimal increases in the trade deficit, and a more-than-manageable budget deficit. (moroccoonthemove.com)
there's no war without trade," the famous quip by Jan Pieterzoon Coen, a leading officer of the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century, not only points to the dark beginnings of capitalism, it also spells out a basic fact: You need money to wage war, loads of it. (cidob.org)

Yet even since that momentous judgment, the Swedish government has not provided clear guidance and advice to both government institutions and the Swedish business community in how to relate to the Western Sahara territory or the CJEU judgment. (wsrw.org)

Repeating its formula for yet another successful foray into an African economy, China has agreed to form a joint enterprise with Morocco to develop an industrial and technology park, hosting hundreds of Chinese companies , to support manufacturing centers in the Tanger region. (moroccoonthemove.com)
The data for the non-Communist countries are from publications of the United Nations, the Organi- zation for Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (OECD), publications of US Government agencies, unclassified publications of other in- ternational organizations or individual coun- tries, or are estimates of this Office. (cia.gov)
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The answer is from countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Bolivia, Chile and Morocco, where environmental destruction and workers' exploitation will continue and even intensify. (tni.org)

That is one of the conclusions of WSRW's new report, "Sweden and the plunder of Western Sahara", outlining the position of Sweden's government and private sector with regard to commercial activities in or in relation to Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

Japan's Prime Minister Hideki Tojo (center) with fellow government representatives of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere . (wikipedia.org)

By 2021, the new Sudanese government began having second thoughts about the deal and sought new terms that included economic aid ( The Arab Weekly , September 16, 2021). (aberfoylesecurity.com)

The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola's economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. (countryreports.org)
Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. (countryreports.org)

Morocco remains vulnerable to the threat of Islamic extremism. (atradius.it)

The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations, especially corruption. (state.gov)
Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. (state.gov)
The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. (state.gov)
US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. (cia.gov)

However, since 2005 the government has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. (countryreports.org)

In 2017, an agreement between Russian President Vladimir Putin and former Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir called for the establishment of a Russian base at an unspecified location on Sudan's Red Sea coast in return for arms and other military gear from Moscow. (aberfoylesecurity.com)
Agreement, or the Liberalization Agreement, aimed at liberalizing the European imports from Morocco, is also applied to Western Sahara. (lu.se)

The territory in this case is Western Sahara, South of Morocco, who includes the territory as part of its own country. (lu.se)
Oil revenues constitute more than 98% of the government of South Sudan's budget. (aief.info)

Salt importers from Norway and Denmark have halted all further purchases from Western Sahara due to the highly problematic nature of such imports. (wsrw.org)

The Khomeini government in Iran cuts diplomatic relations with Israel. (wikipedia.org)
The 'Alawi dynasty , which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world . (explained.today)

We call on the Swedish government to clearly advice businesses not to engage in the territory", Hagen stated. (wsrw.org)
Western Sahara Resource Watch works to uncover the plunder of the territory and to keep the companies and governments accountable for their support to the occupation. (wsrw.org)
Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla , making up about 22.8km2 more claimed territory. (explained.today)
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed on 27 February 1976 to fill the legal vacuum in the context of Spain's unfulfilled obligation to lead the territory of Western Sahara to its decolonisation, and the withdrawal of the Spanish administration from the territory. (techsb.ca)

This view atom molecule and cluster beams ii cluster beams 's loved the pm government in Chinese and takeout investors exchanging from other inappropriate people to flavorful system floods. (onlinemedsupplies.com)

According to a report by NASDAQ , the Central Bank of Morocco, Bank Al-Maghrib, has positive economic projections for 2017, even as some indicators such as inflation and the balance of payments are slightly more negative. (moroccoonthemove.com)

The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. (explained.today)

Of course, these parks also serve as zones for importing Chinese consumer electronics, textiles, parts, and housewares for sale in the local economy. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Mr. Biao noted that "the park will host hundreds of Chinese companies in numerous industrial zones including auto manufacturing, aerospace, aviation spare parts, electronic information, textiles and machinery manufacturing. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Social tensions have increased since 2017 due to lingering problems (such as high youth unemployment, urban-rural divide, income inequality, limited access to health services and corruption), periodically sparking protests in less developed parts of the country. (atradius.it)

The online Neue Konzepte der Distributionslogistik von Handelsunternehmen 1997 is three chains before the May 12 world the Frau worked for the steady companies to make the consumers in a engl that would better be oe technology. (superiorcasecoding.com)

While inflation increased from 1.6% to 2.1% earlier this year, it is expected to drop to 1.1% later this year as the government is able to cut energy imports and subsidies and agricultural prices fall. (moroccoonthemove.com)

Many people have a limiting narrative about life in the Middle East, and tend to lump the countries all together: assuming they all speak Arabic, are majority Muslim, have economies based on oil, and have non-Democratic governments. (istizada.com)
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The photo above was taken at El Aaiun port on 4 February 2017, as it loaded a cargo of salt for France. (wsrw.org)

Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. (state.gov)

Protection of persons acting in good faith under this Act from prosecution, suit or other legal proceedings, except with the sanction of the Central Government, in exercise of the powers conferred by this Act. (legacyias.com)

The company raised US$4 million in July in pre-Series A round led by Rebright Partners and Flourish Ventures. (agriculturepost.com)

Minister elAlamy said that these investments will attract hundreds of multinational companies in addition to the Chinese companies financing the industrial city. (moroccoonthemove.com)
Our unstoppable free Interior Point Algorithms: of articles and items will send you attract all admins of productivity personnel, from request imports to certain name. (wise-biz.net)

Check out our newly published report on Sweden's involvement in the taking of occupied Western Sahara's natural resources. (wsrw.org)
The government-controlled resources have meant a large investment into social services. (istizada.com)

Furthermore, the Dutch government has warned companies about the risks of doing business in Western Sahara . (wsrw.org)

The current 12-party coalition government is highly fragmented. (atradius.it)

Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. (explained.today)

A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (state.gov)
Official position of wartime government was that they were a co-belligerent of the Axis against the USSR and United Kingdom during the Continuation War , but generally considered to be a member of the Axis (see e.g. (wikipedia.org)

While the armed forces and the government justify its need in order to combat militancy and insurgency, critics have pointed out cases of possible human rights violations linked to the act. (legacyias.com)

Meanwhile, Swedish companies remain actively involved in Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

The Sahara is usually described as a vast empty land that is sparsely populated, and as representing an Eldorado of renewable energy, thus constituting a golden opportunity to provide Europe with energy so it can continue its extravagant consumerist lifestyle and excessive energy consumption. (tni.org)

On 23 April 2017, the BBC Magellan - a cargo vessel sporting the Antigua Barbuda flag - arrived at the port of Dordrecht, the Netherlands, carrying a consignment of salt loaded in the port of El Aaiun, occupied Western Sahara. (wsrw.org)

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