2002 mitogen activated protein kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in serum-induced secretion of LIF and IL-6 by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
FCS also induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). (unboundmedicine.com)
3: Both PD98059 (MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated FCS-induced LIF protein production and gene expression. (unboundmedicine.com)
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase). (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] MAPKs belong to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group. (wikipedia.org)
clarification needed] The mammalian MAPK family of kinases includes three subfamilies: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38s) Generally, ERKs are activated by growth factors and mitogens, whereas cellular stresses and inflammatory cytokines activate JNKs and p38s. (wikipedia.org)
Because MAP2 kinases display very little activity on substrates other than their cognate MAPK, classical MAPK pathways form multi-tiered, but relatively linear pathways. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] In comparison to the three-tiered classical MAPK pathways, some atypical MAP kinases appear to have a more ancient, two-tiered system. (wikipedia.org)
Joo S, Liu Y, Lueth A, Zhang S (2008) MAPK phosphorylation-induced stabilization of ACS6 protein is mediated by the non-catalytic C-terminal domain, which also contains the cis-determinant for rapid degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway. (springer.com)
MAPK-Group (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plants: a new nomenclature. (springer.com)
The secretion of inflammatory factors as well as the marker proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were detected by Western blot. (frontiersin.org)
2002 ). As a pivotal biochemical cascade, the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in diverse fundamental events in cells and signal transduction pathways, namely, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, activation of other specific regulatory factors, acute responses to hormones, and developmental alteration of organisms (Pearson et al. (frontiersin.org)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (wikipathways.org)
Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. (wikipathways.org)
p38 acts as a stress-activated MAPK that is preferentially activated by diverse cellular stressors, including UV-B-induced oxidative stress ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We find that ERK activity is essential for serum-induced osteoblast proliferation in vitro because inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase activity by U0126 completely abolished both serum-induced activation of ERK and proliferation of mouse (MBA-15.4) and human (MG-63) osteoblast cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
The result of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that growth years significantly affected the gene expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway in cultivated ginseng, but had no effects in wild ginseng. (biomedcentral.com)
We hypothesized that helium induces pre- and postconditioning in CABG-patients, affecting signaling molecules protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-ε), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK-1/2) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27) within cardiac tissue, and reducing postoperative troponin levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Helium preconditioning did not significantly alter the primary outcome (molecular levels of kinases PKC-ε and HSP-27, ratio of activated p38 MAPK or ERK ½). (biomedcentral.com)
This noble gas induced cardioprotective effect was abolished on a cellular level by blockers of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Kalpna Gupta, Ph.D., assistant professor in the hematology, oncology and transplantation division of the uUniversity's department of medicine and lead author of the study, found that doses of morphine similar to doses given to cancer patients activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in human endothelial cells (cells that form blood vessels). (scienceagogo.com)
In addition, the results of IPA analysis indicated that the upstream factor IL-2 initiated the PI3K/AKt/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and JAK/STAT5 pathway, leading to the liver's involvement in gut microbial immune regulation. (bvsalud.org)

This gene encodes a scaffold protein that is thought to be involved in the regulation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
An elevation of the intracellular calcium level, which is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels both, activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway involved in synaptic modification. (asahq.org)
Because the effects of local anesthetics on cellular signal transduction in neuronal cells are not well-known, the authors investigated whether they affect the MAP kinase signaling pathway using PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. (aacrjournals.org)
The researchers also found that morphine promotes endothelial cell survival by activating Akt, the key survival-signaling pathway inside these cells. (scienceagogo.com)

MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
The closest relatives of MAPKs are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (wikipedia.org)
These pathways can effectively convey stimuli from the cell membrane (where many MAP3Ks are activated) to the nucleus (where only MAPKs may enter) or to many other subcellular targets. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to the classical MAP kinases, these atypical MAPKs require only a single residue in their activation loops to be phosphorylated. (wikipedia.org)
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or MPKs) are one of the most important and conserved signaling molecules in plants. (springer.com)
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consist of a family of protein-serine/protein-threonine kinases followed by proline, prevalent in mammals (Pearson et al. (frontiersin.org)
Activated by stress, p38 MAPKs regulate vital cellular responses such as migration, contraction, cytokine production, and death in macrophages and myocardial and endothelial cells (Marber et al. (frontiersin.org)
Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) comprise a large family of proteins activated by a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stress. (molvis.org)
Proteins kinase CK2 (previously called casein kinase 2) is a pivotal and ubiquitously expressed member of the protein CX-6258 manufacture kinase CMGC subfamily which includes cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs) and CDK-like kinases (CLKs). (immune-source.com)

citation needed] This tandem activation loop phosphorylation (that was proposed to be either distributive or processive, dependent on the cellular environment) is performed by members of the Ste7 protein kinase family, also known as MAP2 kinases. (wikipedia.org)
MAP2 kinases in turn, are also activated by phosphorylation, by a number of different upstream serine-threonine kinases (MAP3 kinases). (wikipedia.org)
Both the phosphorylation of MAP kinase and the induction of c-Fos were detected by immunoblotting. (asahq.org)
Liu Y, Zhang S (2004) Phosphorylation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase by MPK6, a stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase, induces ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis . (springer.com)
Phosphorylation Regulates CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) Functions in the Motility and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. (uams.edu)
The also acutely modulate the efficacy of basal synaptic transmission downstream actions of these cytoplasmic signals may increase at developing neuromuscular junctions in cell cultures (Lohof et phosphorylation of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins (Jo- al. (eddoctor24h.com)

Glucocorticoids induce rapid up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and impair proliferation in human and mouse osteoblast cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)

2001 ), which can be activated by tyrosine kinase activity upstream through signal transduction (Oldenhof et al. (frontiersin.org)
A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. (uams.edu)
Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)

A very conserved family of dedicated phosphatases is the so-called MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs), a subgroup of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). (wikipedia.org)
Using tobacco pollen tubes as a model, we addressed the signaling effects of PA by probing the functions of three most relevant enzymes that regulate the production and degradation of PA, namely, phospholipases D (PLD), diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), and lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). (frontiersin.org)
Phosphoinositides (PPIs) together with various kinases and phosphatases were described as specific lipids and enzymes with signaling functions earlier ( Martin, 1998 ). (frontiersin.org)
Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases have long been viewed as drug targets of interest, and recently developed allosteric inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) have entered clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
Targeting Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with Biotherapeutics: Is Outside-in Better than Inside-Out? (westminster.ac.uk)

Microarray analysis was performed to screen aberrantly expressed mRNAs and activated signaling pathways between epileptic rats and normal controls. (frontiersin.org)
UV-B-induced DNA damage can trigger cell signaling pathways to activate defense systems, leading to DNA repair and/or apoptosis ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins. (nih.gov)

Ichimura K, Mizoguchi T, Yoshida R, Yuasa T, Shinozaki K (2000) Various abiotic stresses rapidly activate Arabidopsis MAP kinases ATMPK4 and ATMPK6. (springer.com)
Kovtun Y, Chiu WL, Tena G, Sheen J (2000) Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants. (springer.com)

The expression of c-Fos induced by potassium chloride was also suppressed by dibucaine, tetracaine (concentrations that inhibited 50% of the activity of positive control [IC50s] were 16.2+/-0.2 and 73.2+/-0.7 microM, respectively), and PD 98059, a mitogen-activated/extracellular receptor-regulated kinase inhibitor. (asahq.org)
This inhibition is reversed by cotreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, and by the GC receptor antagonist, RU486, suggesting a classical transcriptional mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
Phosphatase activity was up-regulated by Dex treatment, and inhibition of ERK activity by Dex was also reversed by the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, vanadate. (ox.ac.uk)
The human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with t BHP for 1 or 2 h with or without pretreatment of SB203580, an inhibitor of MAP kinase homologs. (molvis.org)

Non-receptor tyrosine kinases and the actin cytoskeleton in contractile vascular smooth muscle. (manchester.ac.uk)
The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)
Neurotrophins serve long-term trophic functions by with activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinase (Lohof et al. (eddoctor24h.com)

In addition, UV induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, resulting in oxidative stress and damage to cell structure, DNA, proteins and lipids ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The first mitogen-activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 (MAPK3) in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Thus the role of mammalian ERK1/2 kinases as regulators of cell proliferation is not a generic, but a highly specialized function. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of classical MAP kinases, the activation loop contains a characteristic TxY (threonine-x-tyrosine) motif (TEY in mammalian ERK1 and ERK2, TDY in ERK5, TPY in JNKs, TGY in p38 kinases) that needs to be phosphorylated on both the threonine and the tyrosine residues in order to lock the kinase domain in a catalytically competent conformation. (wikipedia.org)
For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. (wikipathways.org)

and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

4: Expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of JNK1 that blocked FCS-induced JNK activity had no effect on protein production and gene expression of these cytokines. (unboundmedicine.com)

Pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM (ethylenedioxy)-diethyl-enedinitrilotetraacetic acid or 5 micron nifedipine blocked the MAP kinase activation induced by 50 mM KCl, whereas pretreatment with 2 microM omega-conotoxin GIVA did not. (asahq.org)
Higher concentrations of dibucaine and tetracaine were needed to suppress the activation of MAP kinase induced by ionomycin (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 62.5+/-2.2 and 330.5+/-32.8 microM, respectively) compared with potassium chloride (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 17.7+/-1.0 and 70.2+/-1.2 microM, respectively). (asahq.org)
Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
Among these cell-signaling proteins, activation of p53 is important in cells with UV radiation-induced DNA damage ( 4 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These buildings claim that the prolonged N-terminal portion fixes the activation portion and ?C helix the conformational plasticity which is certainly significant for on/off legislation of enzyme activity in CMGC kinases and thus allows CK2?1 to have constitutive activity. (immune-source.com)
Antioxidant activity in lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and its inhibitory effect on activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and mitogen-activated protein kinases activation. (cdc.gov)

Droillard M, Boudsocq M, Barbier-Brygoo H, Lauriere C (2002) Different protein kinase families are activated by osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspensions. (springer.com)

This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Differential roles of JIP scaffold proteins in the modulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism. (nih.gov)

This protein has been shown to interact with and regulate the activity of MAPK8/JNK1 and MAP2K7/MKK7 kinases. (nih.gov)

One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)
The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)

This study is to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in tert -butyl hydroperoxide ( t BHP)-induced apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork (iHTM) cells. (molvis.org)

We focus on six 'core' effectors that operate in almost all these species - members of the Pak, WASP/WAVE, formin, lipid-kinase, IQGAP and NADPH oxidase families. (biomedcentral.com)

Using in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction analyses, we demonstrated that ZAT10 directly interacted with MPK3 and MPK6. (springer.com)
These sites were verified by site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro kinase assays. (springer.com)
Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)

10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)

Malate is synthesized in guard cells via starch degradation that is induced by the activated H + -ATPase 27 . (nature.com)

MAP kinases are found in eukaryotes only, but they are fairly diverse and encountered in all animals, fungi and plants, and even in an array of unicellular eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

1993), PI-3 (phosphoinositide-3) kinase (Yang et al. (eddoctor24h.com)

This is conducted by specialized enzymes of the STE protein kinase group. (wikipedia.org)

Briefly, TRAP mice express an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged ribosomal protein, EGFP-L10a, such that EGFP serves as a ribosomal affinity tag allowing the indirect immunopurification of all translated messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (mit.edu)

In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

TY - JOUR T1 - Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase family in serum-induced leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 secretion by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)

Theoretically, the possibilities include (1) a primary T-cell mediated autoimmune response causing muscle damage, (2) a primary degenerative process involving abnormal protein processing leading to a secondary inflammatory response, and (3) separate and independent immune and degenerative processes caused by an external trigger. (medscape.com)

1997). They and elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2⫹ (Zhang and Poo, 2002). (eddoctor24h.com)

In affected indivi- chemicals possessing the ability to react with duals, it has a serious impact on their quality of proteins, and hence these methods do not esti- life. (cdc.gov)

One important heat shock protein is discussed further in the blog entry HSP70 to the rescue The relatively recent blog entries Mitohormesis and Radiation hormesis define hormesis in more detail and discuss it as it relates to mitochondrial oxidative stress and stress induced by radiation. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

It has recently been suggested that MAP kinase plays a role in coupling the synaptic excitation to gene expression in the nucleus of postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
It has recently been reported that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (also known as extracellular signal reactive kinase [Erk]) might play an important role in linking membrane depolarization to gene expression in the postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
Ysselstein D, Nguyen M, Young TJ, Severino A, Schwake M, Merchant K, Krainc D . LRRK2 kinase activity regulates lysosomal glucocerebrosidase in neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patients. (neurotree.org)

That entry was the first to discuss the roles of heat shock and chaperone proteins in hormesis. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

J Biol Chem, 2002 Jul 26. (nih.gov)

Jonak C, Okresz L, Bogre L, Hirt H (2002) Complexity, cross talk and integration of plant MAP kinase signalling. (springer.com)

phin family, plays an important role in activity-induced long- 2002). (eddoctor24h.com)

This sheds light upon the role of the Smad7 protein in this system. (lu.se)

Lee H, Guo Y, Ohta M, Xiong L, Stevenson B, Zhu JK (2002) LOS2, a genetic locus required for cold-responsive gene transcription encodes a bi-functional enolase. (springer.com)
these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
The analysis of Cdc42 and Rac function in evolutionarily distant organisms is useful as a tool to uncover the basic activities of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

The suppression of MAP kinase pathway may thus be a potential target site for the actions of dibucaine and tetracaine, including the modification of the synaptic functions. (asahq.org)
SIGNALS initiated by neurotransmitter release are transferred to the nuclei of the postsynaptic cells to activate specific programs of gene expression, thus influencing synaptic functions. (asahq.org)
regulating expression of synaptic proteins (Wang et al. (eddoctor24h.com)

ZAT10 was phosphorylated by recombinant Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 in a kinase assay. (springer.com)
Furthermore, ZAT10 was also phosphorylated by native MPK3 and MPK6 prepared from Arabidopsis plants in an in-gel kinase assay. (springer.com)

This activity is strongly conserved and probably represents a primordial function of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

2.2 Protein expression and purification Escherichia coli strain HMS174 (DE3) cells (Novagen) were transformed with pGEX-hCK2?2. (immune-source.com)
Malnutrition, both protein-energy mal- aimed to assess the use of CD95 expression nutrition (PEM) and micronutrient defi- as a marker for following up these patients ciencies, continues to be a major health during their nutritional rehabilitation and burden in developing countries. (who.int)

Anatomy20

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs173

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes39

Information Science3

MAPK23

Signaling pathway5

MAPKs10

Phosphorylation6

Extracellular signal1

Signal transduction3

Phosphatases5

Pathways3

Intracellular signalin1

20002

Inhibitor4

Receptor4

Induces1

ERK14

Actin cytoskeleton1

Cytokines1

Activation6

Osmotic1

Scaffold protein1

Amyloid precurs1

JNK11

Molecular2

Apoptosis1

Lipid1

Vitro3

Genes1

Degradation1

Eukaryotes1

19931

Enzymes1

Mice1

Mammalian1

Serum-induced1

Inflammatory1

Zhang1

Chemicals1

Oxidative stress1

Neurons3

Heat shock1

Biol1

Complexity1

Plays1

Role1

Gene transcription2

Organisms2

Synaptic3

Assay2

Activity1

Expression2