Potassium2002FluorideIntakeHypochlorite solutionsSulfatePhysiolNaOClCalciumMutationsChlorideReductionHydroxideNitroprussideVoltage-gated sAqueous solutionPermeabilityDietaryCarbonateConcentrationsCardiacAbsorptionChannelsOxygenEndodonticMetabolitesMmolSerumCompoundsHydrogenConcentrationPelletsMolecularSignificantlyCooking saltCommerciallyOutcomesDiseasesPotentiallyGrowthIrritationEXPOSUREMeaningful
Potassium5
- One nearly universal characteristic of fresh, natural, unsalted foods is that they contain high concentrations of potassium (K+) and low concentrations of sodium (Na+). (thepaleodiet.com)
- Lepke S, Passow H. Effects of fluoride on potassium and sodium permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. (cdc.gov)
- The concentration gradients are maintained by the sodium/potassium ATP pump (in an energy-dependent process) that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. (medscape.com)
- In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
- Once membrane depolarization is complete, the membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions again, and the conductance of potassium ions into the cell increases. (medscape.com)
20021
- Because NHANES is on a two-year data release cycle, this first release of the integrated survey includes dietary data collected in 2001 from NHANES plus data from the integrated survey collected in 2002. (cdc.gov)
Fluoride6
- Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on cell death induced by sodium fluoride and pertussis toxin in the pancreatic beta-cell line, RINm5F. (fluoridealert.org)
- 1. Sodium fluoride causes apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells and this response is enhanced by pre-treatment with pertussis toxin. (fluoridealert.org)
- This single-centre, randomized, single (investigator)-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, in situ study explored whether the addition of 5% CSPS to a nonaqueous fluoride (F) such as sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP)-containing dentifrice affects its cariostatic ability. (karger.com)
- Although sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a common dentifrice ingredient, the influence of this ion on plaque fluid and salivary fluid fluoride has not been examined. (karger.com)
- Barkvoll P: Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the uptake of fluoride from NaF and MFP by etched enamel in vitro. (karger.com)
- Barkvoll P, Rølla G, Lagerlöf F: Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the deposition of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel in vitro. (karger.com)
Intake22
- Previous studies have shown that reduced dietary sodium intake was associated with worse survival and higher readmission rate in patients with HF, whereas the SODIUM HF trial reported earlier this year that dietary sodium intake of less than 100 mmol (1500 mg) per day did not improve 1-year clinical outcomes but moderately improved quality of life and New York Heart Association functional class. (medscape.com)
- Spearman correlation analyses showed that the cooking salt score correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum sodium, and chloronium levels but not with plasma volume status, suggesting that low sodium intake did not have an intravascular volume contraction effect on patients with HFpEF. (medscape.com)
- Objective To examine the effects of reduction in dietary sodium intake on cardiovascular events using data from two completed randomised trials, TOHP I and TOHP II. (bmj.com)
- Intervention Dietary sodium reduction, including comprehensive education and counselling on reducing intake, for 18 months (TOHP I) or 36-48 months (TOHP II). (bmj.com)
- Evidence shows that reduced sodium intake lowers blood pressure and can prevent hypertension. (bmj.com)
- Observational data indicate a strong positive association between sodium intake and blood pressure within and between populations. (bmj.com)
- In contrast, data on the effect of dietary sodium intake on subsequent morbidity and mortality are limited and inconclusive. (bmj.com)
- Several ecological studies support a direct association between higher sodium intake or urinary sodium excretion and mortality from stroke. (bmj.com)
- 11 12 Prospective studies generally suggest a direct association despite imperfect measures of sodium intake, although results are mixed. (bmj.com)
- Analyses of the national health and nutrition examination follow-up study (NHEFS) found that dietary sodium intake was either inversely 13 14 or directly 15 associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
- Modelling methods Bayesian hierarchical modelling used survey data and their characteristics to estimate mean sodium intake, by sex, 5 years age group and associated uncertainty for persons aged 20+ in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010. (bmj.com)
- Main outcome measures Mean sodium intake (g/day) as estimable by 24 h urine collections, without adjustment for non-urinary losses. (bmj.com)
- Results In 2010, global mean sodium intake was 3.95 g/day (95% uncertainty interval: 3.89 to 4.01). (bmj.com)
- This is the first study to produce comprehensive and comparable estimates of sodium intake and their uncertainties, globally. (bmj.com)
- It's not just the sodium content of a food which is harmful to our bodies, but also the chloride content [13-16], and since nearly all excess sodium in our diet comes from salt added to food [1, 8] anytime you have a high sodium intake, you also will have a high chloride intake. (thepaleodiet.com)
- The high salt content of white bread might be a contributing factor to the high sodium intake in Morocco, especially considering that bread is a staple food in the country. (who.int)
- Any policies or initiatives to reduce sodium consumption should target bread as a strategic vehicle to reduce salt intake. (who.int)
- Evidence shows that high intake of sodium leads to hypertension, heart attacks and strokes, and several population-based studies around the world have reported that high salt intake is associated with elevated blood pressure (3). (who.int)
- The manner in which these laws are used and implemented can significantly impact sodium intake by the U.S. population. (nationalacademies.org)
- However, once the framework is understood, it becomes evident that regulatory approaches can offer a powerful and adaptable tool for reduction of sodium intake. (nationalacademies.org)
- The options in the current regulatory framework are diverse and could be used in creative ways to facilitate a meaningful reduction of sodium intake. (nationalacademies.org)
- Given that sodium chloride is not ples had a salt content lower than 10 g estimate of salt intake in Morocco, and the only source of chloride ions, we per kg, which would meet the WHO compare it with recommended levels of used diet bread as the control since it recommendations, based on a 500 g salt intake. (who.int)
Hypochlorite solutions3
- sodium hypochlorite solutions can react with acids or ammonia to release chlorine or chloramine. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium hypochlorite solutions are a clear, greenish yellow liquid with an odor of chlorine. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium hypochlorite solutions can liberate dangerous amounts of chlorine or chloramine if mixed with acids or ammonia. (cdc.gov)
Sulfate3
- Herlofson BB, Barkvoll P: Desquamative effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on oral mucosa. (karger.com)
- The inhibitory effects of the doenjang prepared with the grain-type meju using mixed starter cultures were investigated in azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mice model. (carcinogenesis.com)
- The determination of draining lymph node cell cytokine mRNA levels in BALB/c mice following dermal sodium lauryl sulfate, dinitrofluorobenzene, and toluene diisocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
Physiol1
- Annu Rev Physiol 2001, 63: 871-894. (springer.com)
NaOCl2
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a halogenated compound, is routinely used to irrigate the root canal during endodontic treatments. (hindawi.com)
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been universally used as a root canal irrigant. (ijdr.in)
Calcium4
- The toxic effects of sodium and calcium hypochlorite are primarily due to the corrosive properties of the hypochlorite moiety. (cdc.gov)
- Mutations in the genes encoding a calcium channel (Ca V 1.1) and a sodium channel (Na V 1.4) have been identified in HypoPP families. (jci.org)
- Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) is a bioactive glass material that alleviates dentin hypersensitivity and is postulated to confer remineralization of caries lesions. (karger.com)
- Burwell AK, Litkowski LJ, Greenspan DC: Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (NovaMin®): remineralization potential. (karger.com)
Mutations4
- Sodium channel SCN1A and epilepsy: mutations and mechanisms. (springer.com)
- Loss-of-function mutations in sodium channel Nav1.7 cause anosmia. (springer.com)
- Mutations in the SCN1A gene have a variety of effects on sodium channels. (medlineplus.gov)
- Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Chloride1
- Sodium in food almost always comes from added salt, a compound containing not just sodium (Na+), but also chloride (Cl). (thepaleodiet.com)
Reduction4
- Results 744 participants in TOHP I and 2382 in TOHP II were randomised to a sodium reduction intervention or control. (bmj.com)
- Conclusion Sodium reduction, previously shown to lower blood pressure, may also reduce long term risk of cardiovascular events. (bmj.com)
- 1 2 Randomised trials of sodium reduction in people with and without hypertension have supported these observational findings. (bmj.com)
- Virtually all populations would benefit from sodium reduction, supported by enhanced surveillance. (bmj.com)
Hydroxide1
- CaCO 3 is reacted with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution by mixing under atmospheric temperatures and pressures. (rsc.org)
Nitroprusside3
- Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been widely used to control blood pressure in infants and children. (frontiersin.org)
- While the use of general anesthetic agents or regional anesthesia is an alternative, management of controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) ( Degoute, 2007 ) has been common strategy in pediatrics for many years. (frontiersin.org)
- The acute and chronic effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) are well characterized for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). (scirp.org)
Voltage-gated s2
- The upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel Na v 1.3 has been linked to hyperexcitability of axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which underlies neuropathic pain. (jneurosci.org)
- Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models: characterization of expression in injured and non-injured primary sensory neurons. (springer.com)
Aqueous solution4
- sodium hypochlorite is usually a greenish yellow, aqueous solution. (cdc.gov)
- The invention provides a weak alkaline sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic water treatment. (google.com)
- The invention prepares weak alkaline sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution by adopting a corresponding diaphragm-free electrolysis device to electrolyze and mix dilute brine, and the solution contains low-concentration effective chlorine, has a pH value close to neutral and has relatively low irritation and corrosiveness. (google.com)
- Experiments prove that the weak alkaline sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution prepared by the method has strong sterilization capability, and has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, safety and the like. (google.com)
Permeability1
- Voltage-gated sodium channels mediate a rapid and transient increase in Na + permeability in response to membrane depolarization, thereby contributing to the generation and conduction of action potentials. (jneurosci.org)
Dietary1
Carbonate2
- Moreover, the calcination process requires high temperatures (∼900 °C). A novel low-temperature process for the decarbonisation of CaCO 3 is tested whereby the CO 2 is directly sequestered/mineralised in sodium carbonate. (rsc.org)
- This technology will enable industrial symbiosis by combining the high-temperature lime and sodium carbonate manufacturing processes into a single low-temperature process and greatly reduce the chemical (raw material) CO 2 emissions associated with the production of cement and lime. (rsc.org)
Concentrations1
- Commercial bleaches may contain higher concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and are more likely to cause serious injury. (cdc.gov)
Cardiac1
- Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
Absorption1
- The new formulation, which was made available commercially in August as Advil Film-Coated Tablets, contains 266 mg of ibuprofen sodium (equivalent to 200 mg of standard ibuprofen), and the tablet has a thinner coating than a standard tablet, also allowing for faster absorption. (medscape.com)
Channels6
- Contactin/F3, a cell adhesion molecule, has been shown to interact with and enhance surface expression of sodium channels Na v 1.2 and Na v 1.9. (jneurosci.org)
- Multiple saxitoxin-binding sites in bullfrog muscle: tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels and tetrodotoxin-insensitive sites of unknown function. (aspetjournals.org)
- Voltage-gated sodium channels at 60: structure, function and pathophysiology. (springer.com)
- Sodium channels and pain. (springer.com)
- The SCN1A gene and others associated with GEFS+ provide instructions for making pieces (subunits) of channels that transport positively charged sodium atoms (sodium ions) into cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- All of these genetic changes affect the ability of the channels to transport sodium ions into neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
Oxygen1
- Sodium cyanide releases hydrogen cyanide gas, a highly toxic chemical asphyxiant that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen. (cdc.gov)
Endodontic1
- Sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used irrigant in endodontic practice, but it has various disadvantages. (ijdr.in)
Metabolites1
- The anti-diabetic action is through the competitive inhibition of the sodium-dependent blood transporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) of metabolites such as glucose (Ehrenkranz et al. (aphios.com)
Mmol1
Serum1
Compounds2
- S alt and other sodium-containing compounds-like other substances added to food-are subject to federal food safety and labeling laws. (nationalacademies.org)
- salt and other sodium-containing compounds in the context of the safety of substances added to foods. (nationalacademies.org)
Hydrogen2
- The sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE-1) also known as sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 or SLC9A1 (SoLute Carrier family 9A1) is an isoform of sodium-hydrogen antiporter that in humans is encoded by the SLC9A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 has been shown to interact with carbonic anhydrase II and CHP. (wikipedia.org)
Concentration2
- The tissue dissolution capacity and debridement properties can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature and concentration of sodium hypochlorite [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Such variation in response to sodium hypochlorite could be related to the variation in methodology, form (gel versus liquid) and concentration of sodium hypochlorite, time of application [ 19 ], and many other factors that will be discussed in detail in this review. (hindawi.com)
Pellets1
- Sodium cyanide is shipped as pellets or briquettes. (cdc.gov)
Molecular1
- If you want to find out how much salt has been added to a canned, packaged or processed food, multiply the sodium content by 2.54 ( the molecular weight of Cl is 35.45 and that of Na + is 22.98 and the ratio of Cl to Na + is 2.54 ), this calculation will give you the total salt (NaCl) content in the food. (thepaleodiet.com)
Significantly1
- LAS VEGAS - A novel tablet formulation of rapid-acting ibuprofen sodium shows efficacy in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache and dental pain that is as effective as standard ibuprofen tablets but significantly faster in providing analgesic relief, new studies suggest. (medscape.com)
Cooking salt1
- One possible explanation is the difference in [renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system] RAAS physiology and its response to salt restriction among races, and the other is the difference in accustomed food, because the cooking salt score only accounted for sodium added during cooking but not sodium from ingredients. (medscape.com)
Commercially2
- sodium hypochlorite are available, but solid sodium hypochlorite is not commercially used. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium cyanide is used commercially for fumigation, electroplating, extracting gold and silver from ores, and chemical manufacturing. (cdc.gov)
Outcomes1
Diseases1
- From a physiological and pathophysiological point of view, the conformational states of the sodium channel during heart function constitute a significant aspect for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Potentially2
Growth1
- Sodium bromate was used in gel media preparation to understand its crystal growth. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Irritation1
- Household bleaches (3 to 6% sodium hypochlorite) usually cause esophageal irritation, but rarely cause strictures or serious injury such as perforation. (cdc.gov)
EXPOSURE1
- Exposure to sodium cyanide can be rapidly fatal. (cdc.gov)
Meaningful4
- The time to meaningful pain relief in the ibuprofen sodium group was a median of 42.4 minutes compared with 55.3 minutes for the pooled Advil/Motrin recipients: (60.7 minutes for Motrin alone and 52.0 minutes for Advil). (medscape.com)
- At the end of the study, 95.8% of patients receiving ibuprofen sodium had achieved meaningful pain relief compared with 94.2% in the Advil group, 82.8% in the Motrin group, and 22.9% in the placebo group. (medscape.com)
- But a post hoc analysis using the Gehan-Wilcoxon test, which assigns higher weights to earlier time points, showed a faster provision of relief with time to meaningful pain relief for ibuprofen sodium ( P = .022 and .018, respectively). (medscape.com)
- the ibuprofen sodium group showed a statistically significant separation from placebo for meaningful pain relief beginning at 0.5 hour compared with 1 hour for the standard ibuprofen group. (medscape.com)