• Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a multifunctional cytokine and plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tissues [ 12 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway is involved in multiple cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • This study confirms that alterations in the expression of exosomal miRNAs can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, which also provides the foundation for further research on the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in the context of ADSC osteogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • p300/CBP transcriptional co-activator proteins play a central role in co-ordinating and integrating multiple signal-dependent events with the transcription apparatus, allowing the appropriate level of gene activity to occur in response to diverse physiological cues that influence, for example, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These differences were found in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell signaling, metastasis, and myeloid differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, by using natural non-harmful substances and rhTRAIL, under the conditions established, only cancer cells will undergo apoptosis while normal cells will not be affected. (csuohio.edu)
  • We show that ApoBDs generated from IAV-infected monocytes contained IAV mRNA, protein and virions and consequently, could facilitate viral propagation in vitro and in vivo, and induce a robust antiviral immune response. (nature.com)
  • IAV was able to induce monocyte apoptosis and apoptotic cell disassembly in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)
  • Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The Bcl-x(L) isoform inhibits apoptosis, whereas Bcl-x(S) can induce apoptosis[ 10 ]. (berkeley.edu)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • 100.000 cCREs in total), dispersed within the genome and present in cis-regulatory regions of ~81% of human genes, as calculated following gene enrichment analysis. (mdpi.com)
  • The existence of G-quadruplex DNA is also heavily implied in the promoter region of genes and oncogenes, and is thus assumed to play an important regulatory role in their transcription [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • In human beings, calpains are encoded by 15 genes with examined associates from the grouped family members getting the ubiquitously portrayed associates, calpains 1 and 2, referred to as - and m-calpain also, respectively. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Alternative splicing has been shown to affect more than one-third of all human genes. (berkeley.edu)
  • Recent reports have shown that more than one third of all human genes may be affected by alternative splicing[ 4 - 9 ]. (berkeley.edu)
  • These two genes represent the first demonstrated functions of endogenous retroviral sequences in human tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Transcription factors such as TEF-5, Hand1, HEB, HASH-2 and two genes represented by ESTs may have regulatory roles in placental development. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, ethanolic extracts of I'm-Yunity-Too exhibited more potent activity compared to its aqueous extracts with regard to suppression of the growth and induction of apoptosis, as assayed by the more pronounced downregulation of phosphorylation of Rb and increased cleavage of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) from its native 112-kDa form to the inactive 89-kDa product. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Phosphorylation by mTOR of 4E-BP1 disrupts its binding to eIF4E, a protein that binds the 5'-cap structure of mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Fluorescent antibodies specific for cell surface markers can be combined with markers of apoptosis, proliferation and protein phosphorylation to determine which cell subsets respond to various stimuli or treatments. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Phosphorylation of some proteins, such as Stat5, results in dimer formation that masks the phosphorylated epitope of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Considering the signaling pathway of TGFβ1 (an inhibitor of iNOS mRNA expression), silencing of RNA for TAK-1 upregulates membrane-bound fractalkine tripartite motif 28 (TRIM28)/transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and specificity protein 1 negatively regulate TGFβ1 levels to upregulate the generation of peroxynitrite, leading to increased shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine via SP/NK1R signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • Numerous studies currently suggest that quadruplex formation in this overhang alters the structure and function of telomeres, inducing a damage response and rapid apoptosis in particular in cancer cells [ 14 - 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The activation of CD47 induces rapid apoptosis of T cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • For studies on cytokine production, cells are first treated with a protein transport inhibitor to allow accumulation of the target protein inside the cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 1999. Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): Cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure. (cdc.gov)
  • To elucidate the general importance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptosis, we exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for n-cofilin, ADF (actin depolymerizing factor), or all ADF/cofilin isoforms to well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu may down-regulate telomerase activity at both transcriptional level and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-dependent post-transcriptional level to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • By transporting "cargos" such as proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and lipids [ 26 ], exosomes regulate the eventual fate of recipient cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her lab is trying to determine the mode by which transcription, apoptosis, and transduction are controlled by viral regulatory proteins such as kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treating SMMC-7721 cells with Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, significantly reduce hTERT protein level but did not affect hTERT transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), is a member of a family of transcription factors consisting of six structurally related basic leucine-zipper DNA-binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For some cell types, such as Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), definitive identification depends on the combined use of surface and intracellular markers such as cytokines or transcription factors. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In contrast to cytokines, transcription factors often are localized inside the nucleus and bound to DNA and other proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This buffer system can also be used to stain some transcription factors and other intracellular proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • They act as protein bridges, thereby connecting different sequence-specific transcription factors to the transcription apparatus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • Specifically, the PDCD4 protein combines directly with the mRNA coding region of the target gene ( MYB/c-MYB ) to block translation [2] . (plos.org)
  • ApoBDs generated by IAV-infected monocytes contained a series of IAV components, including IAV mRNA, proteins, and infectious virions. (nature.com)
  • 2003. Evidence for the widespread coupling of alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans. (berkeley.edu)
  • After mRNA processing, most transcripts are exported to the cytoplasm for translation into protein. (berkeley.edu)
  • Each mRNA transcript can serve as template for repeated translation into protein by ribosomes. (berkeley.edu)
  • The number of protein products produced by any single mRNA can vary widely. (berkeley.edu)
  • When this conversion occurs in the coding region of mRNA, it results in an altered nucleotide codon and, therefore, can change the amino acid sequence of the coded protein in what is referred to as a re-coding editing event. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through her work with two genera of retroviruses, Quackenbush determined mutations to Gammaretrovirus (feline leukemia virus) makes them less lethal, and Epsilretrovirus (walleye dermal sarcoma virus) contains sequences that encode for cyclin proteins, leading to the proliferation of normal cells and eventually giving a means for cancer cells to become abundant Her most notable work focuses on feline leukemia virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the deleterious aftereffect of missense mutations can occur not merely from immediate disruption of CAPN3 function(s), but additionally from disruption from the protein's structural integrity, that could affect its intra or intermolecular protein lead and interactions to decreased stability or altered localization. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Moreover, the models also predict that mutations of RAS, ARF and P21 in the context of HMGB1 signaling can influence the cancer cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - through the crosstalk of different pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of note, recent genomic studies demonstrate activating, somatic BRAF mutations in the majority of human specimens. (medscape.com)
  • As these studies also revealed impaired cytochrome c release and a block in apoptosis upon small interfering RNA-mediated n-cofilin knockdown, n-cofilin was postulated to be essential for apoptosis induction. (nature.com)
  • Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
  • We found that, upon induction of apoptosis in control MEFs, n-cofilin, and its homolog ADF translocated to mitochondria together with actin. (nature.com)
  • In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Extracts prepared from Trametes versicolor under the trade name of I'm-Yunity exhibit anti-tumorigenic activities, as supported by inhibition of the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Notably, this enhanced cytotoxicity is not mediated by the induction of apoptosis, but is accompanied by the pronounced induction of autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 3 Pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC), are released from mitochondria into the cytosol where they participate in the activation of execution caspases. (nature.com)
  • Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)
  • By assaying their anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects using human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, we found that the ethanolic extract of I'm-Yunity-Too was more active in inducing cell death compared to I'm-Yunity, based on measured changes in the expression of caspase 3 and Bax. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The release of mitochondrial-intermembrane-space pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c , is a key step in initiating apoptosis. (biologists.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
  • HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [8] Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Regulation of carbon flux through this node cannot be simply attributed to changes in protein expression level Cediranib (AZD2171) since ME has been shown to be regulated allosterically. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
  • If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • To understand the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of glial tumors in vivo, an established Drosophila melanogaster model of glioma was used based on overexpression in larval glial cells of an active human EGFR and of the PI3K homolog Pi3K92E /Dp110. (sdbonline.org)
  • 4 Although the mechanisms of caspase activation in the cytosol are well characterized, the steps that control cytochrome c release from mitochondria and thereby activate the apoptosis program have remained largely elusive. (nature.com)
  • Because of the prevalence of alternative splicing, researchers would like to know the regulatory mechanisms that control it and the functional consequences of the isoforms that are produced. (berkeley.edu)
  • Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)
  • Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)
  • The presence of necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK‑1), but not that of Z-VAD-fmk, attenuated the cytotoxic effects of GEF under AAS culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)
  • 3. Kalafatis, M., Takahashi, Y., Girma, J.P., and Meyer, D. Localization of a collagen interactive domain of human von Willebrand Factor between amino acid residues Gly 911 and Glu 1365. (csuohio.edu)
  • Webb, J. H., Villoutreix, B. O., Dahlbäck, B. and Blom A. M. (2001) Localization of a hydrophobic binding site for protein S on the b-chain of C4BP. (lu.se)
  • Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a leucine zipper protein that promotes neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (omeka.net)
  • This research investigated the role of retroviral cyclin (RV-cyclin) in sarcoma progression in walleyes as a comparable study to human cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, several human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are caused by defects in this highly regulated form of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Medicinal mushrooms have served as the mainstay of treatment for a variety of human illnesses in Asian countries, mostly as supplements by cancer patients. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This dual benefit/risk nature of diet with regard to carcinogenesis was clearly demonstrated in a seminal report by Doll and Peto ( 1 ) who suggested that 10-70% of human cancer mortality may be associated with diet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • I'm-Yunity™ is a proprietary method procured version of the Basidomycetes mushroom comprising a heterogeneous family of polysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from the cultivated mycelia of Trametes (formerly Coriolus ) versicolor , which have been used as a major ingredient in traditional Chinese medicinal formulations for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases including cancer ( 18 - 27 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • CHEMOPREVENTION OF TOBACCO-RELATED CANCERS IN FORMER SMOKERS: CLINICAL STUDIES Release Date: March 28, 2002 RFA: CA-03-006 National Cancer Institute (NCI) ( http://www.nci.nih.gov/ ) LETTER OF INTENT RECEIPT DATE: June 21, 2002 APPLICATION RECEIPT DATE: July 26, 2002 This RFA is a reissue of RFA-CA-02-009 , which was published in the NIH Guide on 04/20/2001. (nih.gov)
  • Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p300/CBP activity can be under aberrant control in human disease, particularly in cancer, which may inactivate a p300/CBP tumour-suppressor-like activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The seven members of this family of enzymes are considered potential targets for the treatment of human pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another major part of the research work performed in my laboratory has to do with cancer and the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis. (csuohio.edu)
  • However, one pitfall observed throughout the years in in vitro and in in a multitude of human trials in vivo , is the resistance of cancer cell lines to hTRAIL-induced apoptosis. (csuohio.edu)
  • We have recently demonstrated convincingly in melanoma and triple negative breast cancer cell lines that recombinant (r) hTRAIL together with several natural compounds (Quercetin, Silibinin, Ursolic Acid) are efficient in inducing apoptosis in previously described TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines. (csuohio.edu)
  • Aberrant ADAR activity has been associated with a wide range of human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, viral infections and autoimmune disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After analyzing data drawn from over 25,000 human subjects, a team of researchers at Oxford University has conclusively demonstrated that long-term, low-dose aspirin therapy (75 mg per day) effectively combats multiple forms of cancer-and prevents cancer death. (lifeextension.com)
  • 2. Find values for the kinetic parameters from experimental b pathway have been detected in several human diseases, estimates or by fitting the model to experimental kinetic most notably in many forms of cancer, and in fibrotic diseases data. (lu.se)
  • pendent of those associated with cretory ducts, columnar epithelia the KRAS gene is more frequent- other key mechanistic characteris- lining the gastrointestinal tract and ly mutated in human cancer, which tics of IARC Group 1 carcinogens. (who.int)
  • These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
  • Overexpression of miR-128-3p or knockdown of TGFBR2 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis. (degruyter.com)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • The apoptosis inducing function of CD47 appears to be dependent on activation of specific epitopes on the extracellular domain. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
  • 8 Recently, it was shown that n-cofilin translocates to mitochondria during the early phase of apoptosis, but the mechanism for this translocation remained obscure. (nature.com)
  • In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanism of ectodomain shedding by ADAM10/17 metalloprotease via GPCR signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • In contrast to the influx of amino acids, the degradation of proteins is also the important intracellular mechanism for releasing free amino acids both under steady-state conditions and during cellular stresses. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Treating SMMC-7721 cells with 5-Fu leads to apoptosis of the cells, and reduction in telomerase activity, as well as a dramatic reduction in the activated form of p70 S6 kinase, a mTOR substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on myeloid cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • It receives excitatory input from rod bipolar cells and sends its output to ON-cone bipolar cells via electrical synapses, and to OFF-cone bipolar cells via glycinergic, inhibitory synapses (Bloomfield & Dacheux, 2001). (gasyblog.com)
  • I analyzed the presence of HERV sequences on consensus cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) from ENCODE data. (mdpi.com)
  • My laboratory has a great deal of expertise in the biochemistry of coagulation and especially in the biochemistry of proteins composing prothrombinase. (csuohio.edu)
  • Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université Paris VI en Biochimie ( Ph.D. University of Paris in Biochemistry) 1989. (csuohio.edu)
  • These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We detected apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by TUNEL assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 increases proliferation of human U87 and U373 astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Expression of several stem cell markers , including c-Myc , is elevated in CD47-null endothelial cells and a human T cell line lacking CD47. (wikidoc.org)
  • Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikidoc.org)
  • Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • Prostate apoptosis response-4 enhances secretion of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells by a caspase-dependent pathway. (omeka.net)
  • Indeed, it has been suggested that amacrine cells only express glycine receptors with sluggish kinetic properties (Frech 2001). (gasyblog.com)
  • Some studies also suggest that mTOR may be a cellular context-dependent, pleiotropic regulator of apoptosis, although conclusive demonstration of mTOR inactivation in such circumstances is lacking [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PDCD4 induces turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • Par-4 induces cholinergic hypoactivity by suppressing ChAT protein synthesis and inhibiting NGF-inducibility of ChAT activity. (omeka.net)
  • For example, the human Bcl-x gene can be processed to generate several isoforms with markedly different activities. (berkeley.edu)
  • (b) There are four main proteins of the ADAR enzyme family: two isoforms of ADAR1 (p110 and p150), ADAR2 and ADAR3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over 10,000 birds of more than 150 species have been captured, sampled, and released at 20 federal sites and 3 other sites in 12 states during the spring and fall bird migration seasons of 2001 and 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • While techniques for cell surface staining are relatively standard, optimal staining for intracellular markers often depends on the biology of the target protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Also, intracellular phosphatases can quickly dephosphorylate these proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • catheterization: The process of increasing human as a carpal of congestive serum of same Synchrony. (siriuspixels.com)
  • Other proteins, including the p53 tumour suppressor, are targets for acetylation by p300/CBP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the current report, a systematic approach is implemented to catalogue regulatory elements within HERVs, as a roadmap to potential functions of HERV sequences in gene networks. (mdpi.com)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • CD47 ( C luster of D ifferentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)
  • The Role of Membraneembedded DUOX2 on Ectodomain Shedding via G protein-coupled Receptor Signaling. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Protease-activated receptors (PARs) and the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The structural and functional integrity of this overhang is based on its association with a constellation of specific proteins, some of them belonging to the shelterin complex [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • nevertheless, recent studies have got exposed a fresh potential function for CAPN3 being a structural proteins (23,24). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Blom A. M. , Kask L. and B. Dahlbäck (2001) Structural requirements for the complement regulatory activities of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell membrane receptors. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Depending on the subunit composition, glycine receptors display marked variability, including single-channel conductance and kinetic properties (reviewed by Legendre, 2001). (gasyblog.com)
  • Non-primate mammalian and fish retroviruses Named an Outstanding Educator at the University of Kansas in 2001 by the Mortar Board Retroviruses Viral pathogenesis Oncogenesis Feline leukemia virus Walleye Sarcoma NA. (wikipedia.org)
  • He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Binding of CAPN3 to titin, a huge myofibrillar proteins that acts as a scaffold for sarcomeric. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Providing a protein scaffold upon which to build a multicomponent transcriptional regulatory complex is likely to be an important feature of p300/CBP control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Apoptosis is essential for many fundamental processes, such as embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • These implications would later be used to determine other retroviral-induced oncogenesis in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crosstalk is regulated by tumor suppressor proteins, including ARF, P21 and FBXW7, which are also frequently mutated in many cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Blom A. M . , Berggård K., Webb J. H., Villoutreix B., Lindahl G. and Dahlbäck B. (2000) Human C4b-binding protein has overlapping but not identical binding sites for C4b and streptococcal M-proteins. (lu.se)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily [1] and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1 ) and signal-regulatory protein alpha ( SIRPα ). (wikidoc.org)
  • The groups used very different isolation methods (i.e., expression cloning, protein purification, genomics), yet all identified the same enzyme and concurred that it possessed all the known characteristics of β-secretase ( Fig. 1 ) ( Cole and Vassar, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
  • Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • Drug Resistance: oxidized or characterized episode of an research, 01-SEP-2001 or product to the left system of a heart or axis. (siriuspixels.com)