2001 eye movements. Medical search. Frequent questions

See Shapiro 2001, for examples of suggested research designs. (behavior.net)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapeutic technique that Dr. Shapiro developed in 1987. (exclusivepapers.com)
Many have heard of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a trauma-release method using eye movements developed by American Psychologist Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1987 (Shapiro, 2018). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

Although we have the impression that we can process the entire visual field in a single fixation, in reality we would be unable to fully process the information outside of foveal vision if we were unable to move our eyes (Rayner, 1978, 1998). (scholarpedia.org)

Such gaze shifts are themselves a source of powerful retinal stimulation, and so the visual system appears to have evolved mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability during movements of the eyes in space. (jneurosci.org)
The mechanisms underlying this perceptual stability can be probed in the laboratory by briefly presenting a stimulus around the time of a saccadic eye movement and asking subjects to report its position. (jneurosci.org)
We studied how visual information was sampled by eye-movements during this process called fear generalization, using faces organized along a circular two-dimensional perceptual continuum. (elifesciences.org)

A study by Kuiken, Bears, Miall & Smitth (2001-2002) which tested the orienting response theory indicated that the eye movement condition was correlated with increased attentional flexibility. (behavior.net)

Here, we map the receptive fields of macaque area V4 neurons during saccadic eye movements and find that receptive fields are remarkably dynamic. (mpg.de)
Specifically, before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement, receptive fields shrink and shift towards the saccade target. (mpg.de)
Red dots show fixations and yellow lines depict saccadic eye movements from one fixation to another. (scholarpedia.org)

While these low-level features can influence eye movement behavior, the bulk of natural viewing behavior serves cognitive processes in a top-down fashion. (frontiersin.org)

They questioned the influence of cognitive factors on fixations given that eye movement latency was so long and the fixation times were so variable. (scholarpedia.org)
The goal of our experiment is to investigate the effect of two idea presentation modes on changes in visual attention to idea attributes, measured with fixations using eye-tracking over time. (springer.com)

Eye movement desensitization reprocessing facilitates attentional orienting. (behavior.net)

Because of acuity limitations in the retina, eye movements are necessary for processing the details of the array. (scholarpedia.org)
While we are reading or searching a visual array for a target or simply looking at a new scene, our eyes move every 200-350 ms. These eye movements serve to move the fovea (the high resolution part of the retina encompassing 2 degrees at the center of the visual field) to an area of interest in order to process it in greater detail. (scholarpedia.org)
The results are a big step toward producing a bionic eye employing a unique computer chip that can be programmed to do visual processing just like the retina. (sciencedaily.com)
The blind animal typically holds the eyes widely open in an attempt to increase light stimulation to the retina. (vin.com)
This enables us to have disease and affects many parts of the a stereoscopic view of the retina and its body, including the eye, leading to visual A retrospective observational study vasculature. (who.int)

While we find no difference at the mean-level between the two tasks, temporal- and distribution-level analyses reveal significant task-driven differences in eye movement behavior. (frontiersin.org)
In the same year, Dr. Bruce Dewe and Joan Dewe (MD), co-founders of the International College of Professional Kinesiology Practice, discovered that when other Kinesiology techniques, like temporal tapping, were combined at the same time the client was also doing eye rotations, it defused negative emotional charges in clients. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

2001) indicating that EMs and other stimuli have an effect on perceptions of the targeted memory, decreasing image vividness and associated affect. (behavior.net)
Perceived localizations and eye movements with action-generated and computer-generated vanishing points of moving stimuli. (mpg.de)

The objective was to investigate the individual effect and potential interactions of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) and sleep insufficiency on fall risk among a Chinese elderly population. (biomedcentral.com)
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by vivid dreams, complex dream-enacting behaviors, and loss of normal muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The dream recall and sleep of patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) were not sufficiently studied. (e-jsm.org)

The 3D ActiveTrak is the only system with three-dimensional tracking that follows every involuntary movement of the eye during treatment. (bettervision.net)
A simple test examining involuntary eye movements may provide an objective way to tell whether individuals have attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and whether stimulant medication will be an effective treatment, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
In this latest study, the investigators recorded involuntary eye movements in 22 adults with ADHD with and without methylphenidate and 22 control individuals while they performed the test of variables of attention (TOVA). (medscape.com)
In addition, stimulant medication had a "striking effect" on involuntary eye movements, with full normalization of the microsaccade rate to the control level and partial normalization of blink rates, mainly in the peristimulus interval, they report. (medscape.com)

We report baseline measures of eye movement behavior in our sample, including mean fixation duration, saccade amplitude, and initial saccade latency. (frontiersin.org)
During the actual eye movement (or saccade ), vision is suppressed and new information is acquired only during the fixation (the period of time when the eyes remain relatively still). (scholarpedia.org)
A summary of the average amount of time spent on each fixation and the average distance the eyes move in reading, visual search, and scene perception are shown in Table 1. (scholarpedia.org)
This conclusion was based on the relatively long latencies of eye movements (or reaction time of the eyes) and the large variability in the fixation time measures. (scholarpedia.org)

The politics of visibility, at the heart of what I call 'cloud protesting', exacerbates the centrality of the subjective and private experience of the individual in contemporary mobilizations, and has partially replaced the politics of identity typical of social movements. (researchgate.net)
Collective Action and Social Movements. (lu.se)

Eye-movements and visual imagery: A working memory approach to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. (behavior.net)
The de-arousal model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), Part III: Psychophysiological and psychological concomitants of change in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their relation to the EMDR protocol. (behavior.net)
Eye movement desensitization treatment utilizes the positive visceral element of the investigatory reflex to inhibit the memories of post-traumatic stress disorder: A theoretical analysis. (behavior.net)
Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a powerful psychotherapy technique that has been successful in helping patients who suffer from post traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, panic or trauma. (exclusivepapers.com)
Individuals with neglect do not necessarily suffer from any primary disorder of sensation or movement. (scholarpedia.org)
In a detailed pathophysiological study, the well-described choreiform movement disorder of NA has been described coexisting with an associated peripheral neuropathy in a patient without acanthocytosis. (medscape.com)

Based upon hundreds of direct observations and a theory that is both descriptive and dynamic, Rynearson (2001) explains the survivor's preoccupation with the murder scene. (giftfromwithin.org)
This video on the Eye-motional Processes™ YouTube Channel explains more. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

Because eye movements are essentially motor movements, it takes time to plan and execute a saccade. (scholarpedia.org)

When stressed, reliving traumatic events or stressful memories in our mind, or just generally "stuck in a negative mindset," our eyes, with their fine motor movements, are the first to witness and supply "all" information to our conscious and unconscious mind. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

Establishing baseline metrics of eye movement behaviors in scenes is important to both experimental and clinical research as it allows for the identification of "typical" and "atypical" patterns of attention. (frontiersin.org)

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that is controversial within the psychological community. (wikipedia.org)
EMDR involves focusing on traumatic memories in a manner similar to exposure therapy while engaging in side-to-side eye movements or other forms of bilateral stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
This included requiring the completion of an EMDR training program in order to be qualified to administer EMDR properly after researchers using the initial written instructions found no difference between no-eye-movement control groups and EMDR-as-written experimental groups. (wikipedia.org)
Further changes in training requirements and/or the definition of EMDR included requiring level II training when researchers with level I training still found no difference between eye-movement experimental groups and no-eye-movement controls and deeming "alternate forms of bilateral stimulation" (such as finger-tapping) as variants of EMDR by the time a study found no difference between EMDR and a finger-tapping control group. (wikipedia.org)
Online continuing education on the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for treating Anxiety, OCD, and related disorders. (athealth.com)
Many do not know that before EMDR took a foothold in Psychology as a treatment option, Kinesiologists were already using them as an effective tool for defusing a person's conscious and unconscious emotional stress after muscle monitoring has discovered stress held in a client's eye muscles and ligaments. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

Since 2001 we've offered online CE courses for Psychologists, Counselors, and other Mental Health Professionals. (athealth.com)

however, in tasks like reading, visual search, and scene perception, covert attention and overt attention (the exact eye location) are tightly linked. (scholarpedia.org)

Eye movement characteristics in reading, scene perception, and visual search. (scholarpedia.org)
The CustomVue procedure tailors a distinct correction for each individual - in fact, each treatment is designed by the unique characteristics of the individual's eyes. (bettervision.net)

In 1985, Dr. Wayne Topping, founder of Wellness Kinesiology Institute, added that eye movements, when combined with the other senses, such as touch, auditory and visual, increase the success of stressful emotion diffusion in the client (Topping, 1985). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)
He was also the first Kinesiologist to do eye rotations as corrections, rather than just eye positions on their own (Topping, 1985). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

Due to the acuity limits of peripheral vision, we must move our eyes to explore the world's rich detail. (frontiersin.org)
The ophthalmology resident on call noted that Ms. Culpepper's visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and her base exam was normal apart from eye movements: Testing of her extraocular movements revealed a mild restriction, graded at -1, in all abduction movements in the right eye. (aao.org)
On examination, the patient's visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/150 in the left eye. (medscape.com)

When these estimates are informed by vision, the brain must combine retinal information with extraretinal signals that encode the position of the eye, head, and body to obtain accurate representations of objects in space. (jneurosci.org)
We made very simple measurements on retinal cells, recording excitation and spiking when we flashed squares and moving spots in front of the eye," Roska said. (sciencedaily.com)
Cells that contain these poorly functioning mitochondria seem to be more susceptible to apoptosis, particularly those with high energy demands, such as a type in the eye called retinal ganglion cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Efforts to use eye movement data to elucidate cognitive processes center on phenomena ranging from basic physiological processes to complex processes such as decision-making and job performance, and have been very productive. (ed.gov)
Eye movements are a behavior that can be measured and their measurement provides a sensitive means of learning about cognitive and visual processing. (scholarpedia.org)

Farm Aid was an amazing, eye-opening, first exposure to the good food movement. (farmaid.org)
Eye exposure may lead to local adverse health effects but is unlikely to result in systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)

People with neglect may also have no weakness of their eye or limb muscles, yet fail to direct their gaze or hands to explore contralesional space (e.g. (scholarpedia.org)
Our eyes look out to the world through a complex lens, not unlike a camera - a bulb attached via delicate ligaments and muscles. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)
Facial palsy is typified by inability to control movement in the facial muscles. (scirp.org)
The patient had been given glasses 2 years ago to "strengthen his eye muscles" but had never received any patching treatment. (medscape.com)

We also characterize how eye movement behaviors change over the course of a 12 s trial. (frontiersin.org)
In the present study, we explore eye movement behaviors in detail with a large sample. (frontiersin.org)

Compilation of Eye Movement Research. (ed.gov)
A categorized bibliography of eye movement research in the above areas is provided. (ed.gov)
Holsanova, J. (2014a): Reception of multimodality: Applying eye tracking methodology in multimodal research. (lu.se)
The principal suggestions from the June 2001 meeting resulted in the research team modifying recruitment practices to accelerate enrollment. (cdc.gov)
We had 2 objectives going into this research," lead investigator Moshe Fried, PhD, from the Goldschleger Eye Institute, said in a statement. (medscape.com)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a new member of the paramyxovirus family closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was first described in 2001 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Select this level when workers need the greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection. (cdc.gov)

The eye movements have been criticized as having no scientific basis. (wikipedia.org)

The eye as a camera has been a powerful metaphor for poets and scientists alike, implying that the eye provides the brain with detailed snapshots that form the basis for our rich experience of the world. (sciencedaily.com)
What the eye sends to the brain are mere outlines of the visual world, sketchy impressions that make our vivid visual experience all the more amazing. (sciencedaily.com)
In a paper in the March 29 issue of Nature, doctoral student Botond Roska, M.D., and Werblin provide evidence for between 10 and 12 output channels from the eye to the brain, each carrying a different, stripped-down representation of the visual world. (sciencedaily.com)
While scientists have known that the eye forwards several parallel representations of the world to the brain, what these are and how they are produced has been a mystery. (sciencedaily.com)
Nevertheless, a bionic eye is a far-fetched notion until someone figures out how to connect it to the neural circuitry of the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
Each representation emphasizes a different feature of the visual world - an edge, a blob, movement - and sends the information along different paths to the brain," Werblin said. (sciencedaily.com)
The origins of eye movement-based Kinesiology were influenced by Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) founders Richard Bandler and John Grinder, who, in 1979, discovered that eye positions access different parts of the brain and relate to how we process sensory information and communicate with others (Grinder, 1979). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)
In early 1999, Dr. Sheldon Deal, the International College of Applied Kinesiology co-founder, determined that eye-rotations act like windscreen wipers to clear existing stress records in the brain so a person may move forward in their lives (Deal, 1999). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)
People with this condition have degeneration (atrophy) of the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain, and clouding of the lenses of the eyes (cataracts). (medlineplus.gov)

Although eye movements have been examined for some time, it has only been in the last few decades that their measurement has led to important discoveries about psychological processes that occur during such tasks as reading, visual search , and scene perception. (scholarpedia.org)
At one time, researchers believed that the eyes and the mind were not tightly linked during information processing tasks like reading, visual search, and scene perception. (scholarpedia.org)

Bilateral eye movments enhance the retrieval of episodic memories. (behavior.net)

The person being treated is asked to recall an image, phrase, and emotion that represent a level of distress related to a trigger while generating one of several types of bilateral sensory input, such as side-to-side eye movements or hand tapping. (wikipedia.org)

Taking these professional discoveries further for Kinesiologists working with clients with learning and development, in 1998, John Thie, founder of Touch for Health, determined how specific open-eye movements displayed stress patterns in a client experiencing learning difficulties (Thie, 1999). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

On ocular examination, the patient had impaired elevation and ptosis of the left eye. (medscape.com)

An orienting response model of eye movement desensitization. (behavior.net)

This document contains all abstracts of the 16th European Conference on Eye Movements, August 21-25 2011 in Marseille, France. (unibe.ch)

Converging evidence from animal and human studies suggest that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep modulates emotional processing. (frontiersin.org)
However, as all these studies used TSD, they did not address the important question of whether all phases of sleep are critical for emotional processing or whether, for instance, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep play different roles in emotion regulation. (frontiersin.org)
The human mind uses rapid eye movement during sleep to help it process the emotional experiences. (exclusivepapers.com)
and d iscovered a connection between where the eyes were positioned immediately after a traumatic emotional injury or stress occurred. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

1 More recent statistics indicate that in 2001 there were 249,000 victims of rape, attempted rape, or assault. (giftfromwithin.org)

Daylily RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (Trimmer, 2001), Height 81 cm. (vivacesnordiques.com)
Twenty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: selective REM-D, by awakening them at each REM sleep onset, or non-rapid eye movement sleep interruptions (NREM-I) as control for potential non-specific effects of awakenings and lack of sleep. (frontiersin.org)
This technique uses a natural function of the body (rapid eye movement as its function). (exclusivepapers.com)
렘수면행동장애(rapid eye movement sleep behavior dis-order, RBD)는 렘수면 동안 정상적으로 발생하는 골격근의 무긴장증(atonia)이 소실되어 꿈 내용을 행동화하는 질환이다[ 1 ]. (e-jsm.org)

Photograph of the patient attempting upward gaze, demonstrating an inability to elevate the left eye. (medscape.com)

These baseline measures will be of use to future work studying eye movement behavior in scenes in a variety of literatures. (frontiersin.org)

In 2001, a deletion mutation in the gene (now known as VPS13A) localized to chromosome band 9q21 was identified as the site for the defect generating the autosomal recessive form of NA. (medscape.com)

From 1982, methods using the eyes became an effective tool in Kinesiology when the founder of Applied Kinesiology, Dr. George Goodheart, discovered they helped defuse a client's stressful memories (Dewe & Dewe, 1987-1999). (eye-motionalprocesses.com)

They found that unmedicated ADHD patients had significantly higher rates of eye blinks and microsaccades compared with control participants. (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT We assessed the causes of visual impairment and blindness in 694 diabetic patients attending our eye centre in Sana'a, Yemen from 2001 to 2005 by review of their medical records. (who.int)
RÉSUMÉ Nous avons évalué les causes des déficiences visuelles et de la cécité chez 694 patients diabétiques ayant consulté dans notre centre des soins oculaires à Sanaa (Yémen) entre 2001 et 2005 en examinant leur dossier médical. (who.int)
For the classification of diabetic there were 17 300 patients examined at thy and diabetic eye complications is retinopathy, the modified Airlie House the centre over this period, 694 (4%) of on the rise [6]. (who.int)

This year, student attention has turned to how activists are responding to the racism in the criminal justice system, particularly the Black Lives Matter movement. (rethinkingschools.org)
My students had little way of knowing about this story behind the story because mainstream textbooks almost entirely ignore COINTELPRO, the FBI's counterintelligence program of the 1960s and '70s that targeted a wide range of activists, including the Black freedom movement. (rethinkingschools.org)
The lasting impression of the analysis made, is that more cooperation and better coordination between organizations and various activists would favor the movement as well as its cause. (lu.se)

The present study examines eye movement behavior in real-world scenes with a large ( N = 100) sample. (frontiersin.org)
We also examine effects of viewing task on when and where the eyes move in real-world scenes: participants engaged in a memorization and an aesthetic judgment task while viewing 100 scenes. (frontiersin.org)
A wide range of disciplines study eye movements in photographs of scenes. (frontiersin.org)
eye movement behavior in real-world scenes is less well characterized despite its widespread use. (frontiersin.org)

It is likely that nerve cells in other parts of the body are similarly affected by dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in movement problems and hearing loss in some individuals with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)

However, until the researches carry out a study that isolates the eye movement part from other aspects of the technique, the critics will continue to doubt it. (exclusivepapers.com)
The principal focus of the study is the civic women's movement. (lu.se)
Further, the study shows that the Czech women's movement is a very important driving force in the pursuit of gender equality in the Czech Republic. (lu.se)

Eye movements during visual search in an individual with left-sided neglect attempting to find letter Ts among Ls. (scholarpedia.org)
2001). Their visual search may, instead, be directed only towards items to their ipsilesional side (Fig.2). (scholarpedia.org)

However, despite the fact that eye movements are critical during normal vision, the influence of eye movements on the structure of receptive fields has never been characterized. (mpg.de)

1. Due to the psychosocial importance and the devastating effects of onchocerciasis skin and eye disease, in 1974, the international community established the Onchocerciasis Control Programme covering 11 affected countries in west Africa. (who.int)

Accommodative effort is thought to precipitate a convergent misalignment of the eyes as a result of increased hyperopic refractive error (an increased accommodative demand) and/or increased accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio (excessive accommodative convergence). (arvojournals.org)
Refractive error was +1.00 in the right eye and +5.00 in the left eye. (medscape.com)

Without strong leadership in the years following King's death, the civil rights movement floundered. (rethinkingschools.org)
In fact, at the point of writing this article, Kinesiologists have been utilizing eye movement methods as corrections for 40 years. (eye-motionalprocesses.com)
Twenty-four years later in August 2001, a survey conducted in these same districts identified a total of 428 prevalent cases. (who.int)

Here we find a slew of problematic assertions about the Civil Rights Movement, plus a notable absence. (rethinkingschools.org)

However, due to the movement of human populations, sociopolitical upheavals in the Region and the migration of Simulium blackflies (vectors of the disease-causing parasite), there is a high risk of transmission recurring and a recrudescence of disease through the re-introduction of river blindness from less effective programmes into neighbouring countries. (who.int)

Anatomy49

Organisms11

Diseases41

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Psychiatry and Psychology67

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science12

Health Care5

Shapiro3

Rayner1

Perceptual3

20021

Saccadic3

Natural viewing1

Fixations2

Attentional1

Retina5

Temporal2

Stimuli2

Behavior disorder3

Involuntary4

Fixation4

Social movements2

Disorder6

Explains2

Saccade1

Motor movements1

Metrics1

EMDR6

Psychologists1

Overt1

Characteristics2

19852

Acuity3

Retinal3

Cognitive2

Exposure2

Muscles4

Behaviors2

Research5

Respiratory2

Scientific1

Brain9

Perception2

Episodic1

Bilateral1

Patterns1

Ocular1

Desensitization1

Abstracts1

Emotional4

Recent1

Rapid4

Inability1

Measures1

Gene1

Founder1

Patients4

Activists3

Scenes4

Body1

Study3

Visual search2

Influence1

Effects1

Refractive2

Years3

Notable1

Human1