Currently the YHRD database recognizes four separate "metapopulation" structures: national, continental, linguistic/ethnic and phylogenetic affiliation with several categories within. (wikipedia.org)
In countries like US, Brazil, UK or China which are characterized by strong population substructure national reference databases are often built on basis of a historical concept of ethnic affiliation, e.g. the US population is sub-structured in Caucasian, African, Hispanic, Asian and Native American populations or UK differentiates English, Afro-Caribbean, Indo-Pakistani and Chinese. (wikipedia.org)
ជនជាតិចាម , Chônchéatĕ Cham ) are an Austronesian ethnic group in Southeast Asia , and indigenous people of Central Vietnam . (cloudfront.net)
Patterns and chronology of migration remain debated and it is assumed that the Cham people, the only Austronesian ethnic group originated from South Asia, arrived later in peninsular Southeast Asia via Borneo . (cloudfront.net)
For example, the Ancient Egyptian sacred text called Book of Gates identifies four ethnic categories that are now conventionally labeled "Egyptians", "Asiatics", "Libyans", and "Nubians", but such distinctions tended to conflate differences as defined by physical features such as skin tone, with tribal and national identity. (daynal.org)
Populations2
By analogy, the term metapopulation is used in forensic genetics to describe a set of geographically dispersed populations with shared ancestry and continuing geneflow. (wikipedia.org)
The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics and beliefs about common ancestry. (daynal.org)
Ancestors2
Historians are now no longer disputing in associating the Sa Huynh culture (1000 BC-200 AD) with the ancestors of the Cham people and other Chamic-speaking groups. (cloudfront.net)
I'd say that this as yet unidentified group (wild guess: immediate ancestors of the Repin culture people? (blogspot.com)
Time2
My opinion is that they're at least as important as genome-wide data when tracking the movements across vast space and time of highly patriarchal and patrilineal groups like the ancient Indo-Europeans. (blogspot.com)
Conceptions of race, as well as specific ways of grouping races , vary by culture and over time, and are often controversial for scientific as well as social and political reasons. (daynal.org)
European2
In fact, even if analyses based on high density genome-wide data suggest that Indians don't harbor any genome-wide European ancestry, we'd still have to accept the likelihood of gene flow - albeit perhaps very indirect gene flow - from the European steppe to India because many Indians belong to R1a1a1b2. (blogspot.com)
Medieval models of "race" mixed Classical ideas with the notion that humanity as a whole was descended from Shem , Ham and Japheth , the three sons of Noah , producing distinct Semitic ( Asian ), Hamitic ( African ), and Japhetic ( European ) peoples. (daynal.org)
Migration1
In population genetics the term metapopulation describes discrete spatially distributed population groups which are interconnected by geneflow and migration. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals4
Each national Metapopulation in the YHRD comprises all individuals sampled in a particular country regardless of the ancestry of the individuals. (wikipedia.org)
Continental Metapopulations in the YHRD comprises all individuals sampled in a particular continent regardless of their ancestries. (wikipedia.org)
The Metapopulation structure built on basis of "ethnicity/linguistic affiliation" takes to a larger extent the ancestry of sampled individuals into account. (wikipedia.org)
Given visually complex social relationships, humans presumably have always observed and speculated about the physical differences among individuals and groups. (daynal.org)
English1
Meltzer 1993) Drawing on Classical sources and upon their own internal interactions - for example, the hostility between the English and Irish was a powerful influence on early thinking about the differences between people (Takaki 1993) - Europeans began to sort themselves and others into groups associated with physical appearance and with deeply ingrained behaviors and capacities. (daynal.org)
Categories1
Ancestry" is a term collating historical, cultural, geographical and linguistic categories. (wikipedia.org)
Cultural1
Smedley 1999) As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world , they speculated about the physical, social, and cultural differences among various human groups. (daynal.org)
Money1
One of the latest examples is how Chick-Fil-A, a leading fast-food chain, has cancelled financial support for non-Jewish organisations and switched that money to an anti-White, Jewish sponsored pressure group. (anglo-celtic.org)
China2
Yuan ZY, Wu YK , Yan F, Murphy RW , Papenfuss TJ , Wake DB , Zhang YP, Che J. Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts ( , , and : Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history. (academictree.org)
The Cham people speak the Cham language and the Tsat language (the latter is spoken by the Utsul , a Cham sub-group on China 's Hainan Island ), the two Chamic languages from the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian family . (cloudfront.net)
African1
The rise of the Atlantic slave trade , which gradually displaced an earlier trade in slaves from throughout the world, created a further incentive to categorize human groups in order to justify the subordination of African slaves. (daynal.org)
Affect1
Some Roman writers adhered to an environmental determinism in which climate could affect the appearance and character of groups (Isaac 2004). (daynal.org)
Genetic2
For a global reference database the "major language group" criterion seems most appropriate to group data by taking the ancestry into account and produce subdatabases with respect to genetic similarity. (wikipedia.org)
Compared to the Taiwan plain tribe minority groups the Taiwanese Austronesian speaking groups show little genetic paternal contribution from Han. (biomedcentral.com)
Linguistic2
The Metapopulation structure built on basis of "ethnicity/linguistic affiliation" takes to a larger extent the ancestry of sampled individuals into account. (wikipedia.org)
Ancestry" is a term collating historical, cultural, geographical and linguistic categories. (wikipedia.org)
Tribes2
The earliest Kyrgyz people were the descendants of several central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. (wikipedia.org)
We examined DNA samples from 1658 individuals from Vietnam, Thailand, Fujian, Taiwan (Han, plain tribes and 14 indigenous groups), the Philippines and Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Descendants1
Taiwan Han (TwHan), presently the most numerous group, are descendants mainly of immigrants who came to Taiwan ~400 years ago and include Minnan and Hakka, as well as Han Chinese who immigrated more recently from all over China. (biomedcentral.com)
Concept1
He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth , a concept under the umbrella of racial uplift , and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership. (knowpia.com)