OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
HIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHIV InfectionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSexual BehaviorRisk FactorsSeroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, BacterialChlamydophila pneumoniaeAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeImmunoglobulin GChlamydophila InfectionsSerologic TestsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHIV SeronegativityPrevalenceHelicobacter pyloriHelicobacter InfectionsToxocariasisAntibodies, ProtozoanCytomegalovirus InfectionsAIDS SerodiagnosisHIV-1Cross-Sectional StudiesToxoplasmosisToxocaraHerpesvirus 2, HumanBlood DonorsHepatitis CHomosexualityCase-Control StudiesNeosporaRural PopulationPapillomavirus InfectionsBrazilCytomegalovirusSyphilisAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsHerpes GenitalisToxoplasmaImmunoglobulin ACD4 Lymphocyte CountAnti-HIV AgentsAge FactorsEncyclopedias as TopicMedlinePlusConsumer Health InformationSocial MediaDissent and Disputes
IncidenceEpidemicAcquired immunodeInfections2000Prevalence of HIV infectionCentre2002AsymptomaticBlood donorsSerostatusLiving with HIVEpidemiologyAntibodyClinicalAntibodiesMortalityAntigenHBsAgTuberculosisParticipantsViral1995ProgrammePatients with HIV infectionVulnerable to HIV infectionSerum1998Preventive Services Task ForcePregnant WomenAdultsAntiretroviral therapyPLWHAStatisticallySerologyPrevention effortsPrenatalRiskCharacteristicsResultsAfricaHuman1999PopulationSTDsCoinfectionEndemicDementia2021SeropositiveCondomScreening
Incidence10
  • Stable HIV-associated morbidity and mortality, concerns about possible increases in HIV incidence, and the recent availability of a simple, rapid HIV test combined with strong prevention collaborations among communities heavily affected by HIV support the need to reassess and refocus some of CDC's HIV-prevention activities. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the success of these efforts in reducing HIV incidence in the late 1980's and early 1990's, the number of new HIV infections is estimated to have remained stable around 40,000 per year since the early 1990's and the number of persons living with HIV continues to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Repeat HIV testing in the third trimester is recommended among women in areas with high HIV incidence or prevalence and among women known to be at risk for acquiring HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • The US age-adjusted incidence rate for FL during 1992-2001 was 3.18 per 100000, with a 3.6-fold variation between the highest and lowest rates (in white males and American Indian/Alaska Native males, respectively) (2) and a 2.8-fold variation in rates among Asian Americans of different origins (3). (sagepub.com)
  • 15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
  • 20 Notably, KS is a common cancer in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 21 fueled in part by the HIV pandemic, and incidence has not declined in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where ART coverage is increasing but incomplete. (hiv.gov)
  • The incidence of CMV seropositivity rises with age and in a US-based study was reported to increase from 36% in children aged 6-11 years to 91% in individuals older than 80 years. (medscape.com)
  • Despite their increasing incidence in HIV-positive people, mechanisms that lead to their development and progression are only partially understood. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Versus Uninfected Veterans: Comparison of Cancer Registry and ICD-9 Code Diagnoses. (yale.edu)
  • Results: In 926 patients at least one of the serologic tests was positive, showing an incidence of 3.3% seropositivity among study population. (ijos.ir)
Epidemic14
  • Although the current data show that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is stabilizing, statistics still report an unacceptably high level of infection and progress is uneven in many countries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lacking a cure or an effective vaccine for HIV, screening strategies are critical to reduce the number of undiagnosed persons and the proportion of late diagnoses in order to modify the course of the epidemic. (bmj.com)
  • These structural interventions can serve to reduce the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and address the future of the epidemic without blaming those living with the virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • In his eyes HIV/AIDS was not only a biological threat, but a social epidemic of meaning. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the importance of Jonathan Mann's work for AIDS stigma, and the importance of developing structural interventions to address this epidemic, we have included this lecture in the special issue, and hope that it generates even more reflections on the topic of stigma eradication. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 Meanwhile, men who have sex with women remain a forgotten group in the epidemic, 4 almost entirely unaddressed in HIV prevention programs. (aphapublications.org)
  • How, why, and for whom did women become the primary vulnerable victims of the HIV epidemic? (aphapublications.org)
  • The epidemic has ample scope for further growth if efforts are taken to prevent onward transmission of HIV from drug injectors and the clients of sex workers to their other sex partners. (ijstd.org)
  • The HIV epidemic represents an important public health issue in Europe particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Global AIDS Monitoring indicators (GAM) have been widely and jointly promoted as a set of crucial standardised items to be adopted for monitoring and responding to the epidemic. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The Sialon II project has made an important contribution to the monitoring and evaluation of the HIV epidemic across Europe, integrating the use of GAM indicators within a second generation HIV surveillance systems approach and in participatory collaboration with MSM communities. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in a population tracks the spread and evolution of the epidemic. (cyberleninka.org)
  • In several countries though, epidemic-type clustering of specific subtypes suggests established or nascent HIV epidemics among classic core risk groups for HIV infection. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Can home-made injectable opiates contribute to the HIV epidemic among injection drug users in the countries of the former Soviet Union? (yale.edu)
Acquired immunode4
  • The first case of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in India was detected in 1986 in the state of Tamilnadu [ 1 ] and since then the spread of HIV/AIDS across the nation has been relentless. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: to identify the social representations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among HIV-positive adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (ucdenver.edu)
  • According to the 2009 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS), 2.6 million individuals are newly infected by HIV every year, 33 million patients live with HIV (PLHIV), and there are 1.8 million cases of AIDSmortality annually worldwide. (openaidsjournal.com)
Infections15
  • Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. (hindawi.com)
  • Among them, 22 undiagnosed HIV infections were detected with a global prevalence of 0.6% and 3.1% in MSM. (bmj.com)
  • An emphasis on greater access to testing and on providing prevention and care services for persons living with HIV can reduce new infections and lead to reductions in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to document the spectrum and determine the frequency of various opportunistic infections (OIs) and non-infectious opportunistic diseases, in hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well established that manifestations of AIDS are influenced by factors such as endemic infections and malnutrition that are widely prevalent in these regions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Baseline laboratory studies for other infections (eg, tuberculosis) are important in the initial workup of a patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • AIDS manifests as recurrent, severe, and occasionally life-threatening infections and/or opportunistic malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • The signs and symptoms are those of the presenting illness, meaning that HIV infection should be suspected as an underlying illness when unusual infections present in apparently healthy individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence for risk factors or minor concurrent opportunistic infections (eg, herpetic lesions on the groin, widespread oral candidiasis) may be clues to HIV infection. (medscape.com)
  • Despite the undeniable significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the quality of blood faced challenges from transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus). (biomedcentral.com)
  • [3] The presence of sexually transmitted infections, use of condoms, circumcision, and history of blood transfusion are probable factors responsible for serodiscordance or seroconcordance in HIV-positive cases. (ijstd.org)
  • HIV Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "HIV Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Conclusion: It is pertinent that PLWHA are kept in early stages of HIV disease through combination of efforts such as prompt enrolment, commencement and monitoring compliance of HAART, and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as public health measures including education, de-stigmatization, early diagnosis by extensive accessible screening/testing of at-risk population, social supports and economic empowerment, psychotherapy and social integration of affected individuals especially in a functional home. (bvsalud.org)
20008
  • death rates declined from approximately 2.0/100 person-years of follow-up in 1998-2000 to approximately 1.0/100 person-years of follow-up in 2001-2003. (nih.gov)
  • One hundred and thirty five consecutive, HIV-infected patients (age 34 ± 10 years, females 17%) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India, for the evaluation and management of an OI or HIV-related disorder between January 2000 and July 2003, were studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe a series of 135 consecutive patients with HIV/AIDS, aged 13 years and above, admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.) hospital, New Delhi during the period of January 2000 through July 2003. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Caravan of Youth and Artists against AIDS in Haiti, May-October 2000 The Caravan was a Haitian initiative of several governmental, non-governmental and international organizations. (panoscaribbean.org)
  • Minneapolis, MN] : Minnesota AIDS Project : Minnesota Dept. of Health, [between 1983 and 2000? (nih.gov)
  • Alaska : Alaska AIDS Prevention Project, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, [between 1983 and 2000? (nih.gov)
  • California] : State of California AIDS Education Campaign, [between 1983 and 2000? (nih.gov)
  • San Antonio, Texas : H.A.C.E.R., Hispanic AIDS Committee for Education and Resources, [between 1988 and 2000? (nih.gov)
Prevalence of HIV infection2
  • From 1995 to 2001, five rounds of sentinel surveillance were carried out for young women attending antenatal care clinics at four health centers in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, to monitor trends in the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The declining trends in the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among young women attending antenatal care clinics in the inner city are encouraging, but these findings require confirmation in future years and for other population groups. (ox.ac.uk)
Centre4
  • WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS Diagnostic and Laboratory Support. (who.int)
  • While mortality rates among HIV-infected individuals at our centre have fallen since 1988, the deaths that do now occur are more diverse and are the result of a number of factors, including late presentation, delayed uptake of HAART and the previous use of treatment combinations that are now viewed as suboptimal. (nih.gov)
  • A.I.I.M.S. is a large tertiary level teaching hospital and referral centre located in north India, attending to HIV-infected patients apart from others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The project is carried out by the Centre for Communication on AIDS (CECOSIDA) and the Panos Institute. (panoscaribbean.org)
20024
  • As per estimates, by the end of 2002, about 4.58 million adults were infected with HIV [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2002, the sixth in a series of national behaviors in the past year that put them at increased risk of HIV, and 1.5 percent had reproductive health surveys that have engaged in drug use behaviors that put them at risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Including those who were treated for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, conducted between March 2002 and 11.9 percent of persons 15-44 years of age--13.0 percent males and 10.8 percent of March 2003 in the homes of 12,571 females--were at risk of HIV in 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact, after the nadir of 496 cases in 2001, 21 countries that had previously been free of polio reported cases imported from 6 polio-endemic countries in 2002-2005. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Asymptomatic3
  • Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is paramount, since infected individuals may remain asymptomatic for years while the infection progresses. (medscape.com)
  • Although there is evidence to suggest that asymptomatic people living with HIV/AIDS exhibit some cognitive deficits, the prevalence of poor cognitive functioning among people in low income settings at an early, pre-clinical stage has not yet been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Is there an indication for serologic testing for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in asymptomatic HIV-infected children (compared with not testing) to guide clinical management? (hiv.gov)
Blood donors3
Serostatus5
  • The term serostatus is commonly used in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, social advocacy has emphasized the importance of learning one's HIV/AIDS serostatus in an effort to curtail the spread of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV : use of nevirapine among women of unknown serostatus : report of a technical consultation, Geneva, 5-6 December 2001. (who.int)
  • Risky sex without disclosure of serostatus is not uncommon among people with HIV. (aphapublications.org)
  • Previous studies show that not disclosing positive HIV serostatus to at least some sexual partners is common, 5- 7 that HIV-positive persons are more likely to disclose their status to steady partners than to nonsteady partners, 8- 10 and that unprotected sex without disclosure occurs within both types of partnerships. (aphapublications.org)
Living with HIV14
  • The material was analyzed using Gilmore and Somerville's (1994) four processes of stigmatizing responses: the definition of the problem HIV/AIDS, identification of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), linking HIV/AIDS to immorality and other negative characteristics, and finally behavioural consequences of stigma (distancing, isolation, discrimination in care). (hindawi.com)
  • People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease. (hindawi.com)
  • The next decade promises new hope as three primary areas of HIV prevention are emphasized: early detection of persons who are HIV positive and referral to treatment and care services, prevention for persons living with HIV, and prevention for persons who are at high risk for HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent reports showed that 57% of TB among people living with HIV was not promptly diagnosed or treated, resulting in 390,000 tuberculosis-related deaths in 2015 [6, 7] . (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The provision of care, including access to medical care, is a serious challenge for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Haiti. (panoscaribbean.org)
  • It is the fruit of the constant work of all the people and organizations which bring together people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). (panoscaribbean.org)
  • The traveling Caravan was a great moment in promoting less risky sexual behaviour, through the creation of a social environment which validates protected sexual intercourse,mutual fidelity and the acceptation of people living with HIV/AIDS. (panoscaribbean.org)
  • The solidarity among people living with HIV/AIDS is all the more necessary as they generally have to function in an environment which is not very favourable. (panoscaribbean.org)
  • 129 questionnaires of free evocations with adults living with HIV and 30 semi-structured interviews. (bvsalud.org)
  • If replicated, this may have implications for the way in which we measure and treat CMD and cognitive functioning among people living with HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the last 20 years we assisted to an increase in the mean age of People Living with HIV and their comorbidities. (oncotarget.com)
  • Over the last 20 years, the so-called post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (post-HAART) era, we assisted to an increase in the mean age of People Living With HIV (PLWH) and comorbidities related to ageing, immune suppression and persistent inflammation [ 1 - 65 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, no study has been done to determine the QOL of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in our environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • The desire to procreate in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) has been seldom investigated in Africa, particularly in Gabon. (openaidsjournal.com)
Epidemiology3
  • Susie Hoffman was with the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies and the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY. (aphapublications.org)
  • This study is a systematic review of all available evidence on HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and subtype distribution in the Middle East and North Africa. (cyberleninka.org)
  • AIDS/TB Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. (ijos.ir)
Antibody5
  • From each patient three specimens were obtained for Ziehl Neelsen staining and 4ml of blood were collected for HIV antibody testing. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Four milliliters of blood were collected from each subject for HIV antibody testing. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Overall (Jan. 2016-June 2021) HIV antibody seroprevalences were highest among Army reservists, Army National Guard members, and Navy reservists and lowest among Air National Guard members, Marine Corps active component members, and Air Force active component members. (health.mil)
  • Across active and reserve components of all services, HIV antibody seroprevalences continued to be higher among men than women. (health.mil)
  • KSHV seropositivity was determined using four antibody assays (K8.1 and orf73 enzyme immunoassays and two immunofluorenscence assays). (aacrjournals.org)
Clinical9
  • Staging of HIV disease is based partially on clinical presentation, but other laboratory tests can help in deciding whether to initiate or modify treatment. (medscape.com)
  • This guideline on screening for anal cancer and dysplasia in individuals with HIV was developed by the Medical Care Criteria Committee (MCCC) of the New York State (NYS) Department of Health (DOH) AIDS Institute (AI) Clinical Guidelines Program. (hivguidelines.org)
  • Since acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1981, 1 its spread has had major impacts on the health of populations and on health care systems worldwide. (health.mil)
  • Recent reports of KS occurring at higher CD4 cell counts in the United States 26,27 suggest that clinicians caring for patients with HIV should be vigilant for the clinical manifestations of KS in patients at risk of HHV-8 infection, regardless of CD4 cell count. (hiv.gov)
  • HIV status data was extracted from clinical records. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Journal of AIDS & clinical research 5, no. 7 (2014): 1000318. (yale.edu)
  • A structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical profiles of selected participants, and the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to collect data the QOL of each participant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinical HIV stage, marital status, educational status and gender were significantly associated with mean QOL scores in bivariate analysis while only HIV stage 1 and 2 were significantly associated with good QOL in multivariate logistic regression analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients. (scielo.br)
Antibodies8
  • In August 2013, the FDA approved the Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo test (Orgenics, Ltd), the first rapid HIV test for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen as well as antibodies to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in human serum, plasma, and venous or fingerstick whole blood specimens. (medscape.com)
  • Detection of HIV-1 antigen permits earlier detection of HIV-1 infection than is possible by testing for HIV-1 antibodies alone. (medscape.com)
  • FDA approves first rapid diagnostic test to detect both HIV-1 antigen and HIV-1/2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Lowes R. FDA OKs First Rapid Test for HIV-1/2 Antibodies, HIV-1 Antigen. (medscape.com)
  • The routine screening for antibodies to HIV for over 30 years has enabled the U.S. military to provide adequate and timely medical care to infected service members, counseling to prevent unwitting transmission, and protection of the battlefield blood supply. (health.mil)
  • As part of the U.S. military's total-force HIV screening program, civilian applicants for military service are screened for antibodies to HIV during pre-accession medical examinations. (health.mil)
  • Rich JD, Dickinson BP, Carey JM, Fisher AE, Heimer R. Detection of HIV-1 nucleic acid and HIV-1 antibodies in needles and syringes used for non-intravenous injection. (drbriandickinson.com)
  • Serum samples were tested for antibodies to HIV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting) and antibodies to Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum hemagglutination assay and rapid plasma reagin test). (ox.ac.uk)
Mortality2
  • Reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HPV-related anal and perianal disease in individuals with HIV through early identification and treatment of potentially precancerous and cancerous lesions, when treatment is most likely to be effective. (hivguidelines.org)
  • The mortality determinants were: prematurity, vaccination status and HIV/AIDS infection. (scirp.org)
Antigen2
  • serum separated and screened with ELISA tests for detection of anti-HIV, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study, 27252 consecutive patients admitted in a trauma hospital in Mashhad, Iran during March 2012 to March 2017 who required surgery for their traumatic injuries were screened for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti HCV Ab and anti HIV Ab. (ijos.ir)
HBsAg3
  • Educational status and multiple sexual behaviors are significantly associated with HIV acquisition whilst marital status was significantly associated with HBsAg seropositivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also encouragement of blood donation from voluntary donors and creating awareness on the general public regarding HIV, HBsAg and HCV transmission and prevention should be strengthen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HBsAg was positive in 523 patients (1.9%), HCV Ab in 388 (1.4%) and HIV Ab in 15 patients (0.05%) respectively. (ijos.ir)
Tuberculosis4
  • The frequency of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive cases was 10.86% while 0.72% MDR-Tb and 3.2% concurrent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV were documented. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The study revealed 10.86% of AFB positive cases, 0.74% MDR-Tb cases and 3.2% concurrent infection between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • In 2015, reports showed an estimated 10.4 million cases of tuberculosis globally, including 1.2 million (11%) people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Same-day testing with initiation of antiretroviral therapy or tuberculosis treatment versus standard care for persons presenting with tuberculosis symptoms at HIV diagnosis: A randomized open-label trial from Haiti. (rtrn.net)
Participants2
Viral1
  • Predictors of undetectable HIV plasma viral loads in 250 HIV-positive women receiving care. (drbriandickinson.com)
19953
  • The Bangkok (Thailand) Metropolitan Administration cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs) consisted of 1,209 IDUs initially seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were followed from 1995 to 1998 at 15 Administration drug treatment clinics. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Seattle] : [HIV/AIDS Program], [1995? (nih.gov)
  • Toronto] : AIDS Committee of Toronto, [1995? (nih.gov)
Programme2
  • Background Given the shortage of community-based HIV testing initiatives in resource-rich countries not targeting most-at-risk populations, we aimed to evaluate whether a highly visible mobile programme promoting and offering rapid HIV testing in the street can attract persons at risk for infection who have never been tested. (bmj.com)
  • This is the lesson that the seropositive Saurel Beaujour draws of his participation (in October 2001) in a programme of international visits to the United States, where infected people benefit from a specific budget for their access to health care and medicines, and where the private firms are heavily involved in the battle against HIV/AIDS. (panoscaribbean.org)
Patients with HIV infection2
  • In patients with HIV infection, CMV involves the entire GI tract. (medscape.com)
  • Annually, the clinic serves about 500 HIV-positive patients, and patients with HIV-infection are advised to visit the clinic for antiretroviral therapy treatment and checkup about every three months. (who.int)
Vulnerable to HIV infection2
  • It is highly important both to emphasize prevention and to recognise that some groups, because of particular behaviours, are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most HIV prevention literature portrays women as especially vulnerable to HIV infection because of biological susceptibility and men's sexual power and privilege. (aphapublications.org)
Serum2
  • The presence of detectable levels of a specific marker within the serum is considered seropositivity, while the absence of such levels is considered seronegativity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predictive Value of Serum Biomarkers for Response of Limited-Stage AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma to Antiretroviral Therapy With or Without Concomitant Chemotherapy in Resource-Limited Settings. (ucdenver.edu)
19981
  • As of December 1998, there were 133 HIV type 1 seroconversions and approximately 2,300 person-years of follow-up. (mahidol.ac.th)
Preventive Services Task Force1
  • The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) strongly recommends that clinicians screen for HIV in all adolescents and adults at increased risk for HIV infection, and all pregnant women. (medscape.com)
Pregnant Women2
  • All pregnant women should be screened for HIV infection as early as possible during each pregnancy using the opt-out approach when allowed. (medscape.com)
  • Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. (medscape.com)
Adults4
  • Delivering HIV test results and messages for re-testing and counselling in adults. (who.int)
  • In 2007, an estimated 1.7 million adults and children in this region became newly infected, while 1.6 million died of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (hindawi.com)
  • We estimated the proportion of HIV-positive adults who have any sexual contact without disclosure and the proportion of their sexual partnerships that involve unprotected sex without disclosure. (aphapublications.org)
  • Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. (medscape.com)
Antiretroviral therapy3
  • Maternal HIV infection (for newborns, infants, and children): Steps taken to reduce the risk of transmission at birth include cesarean delivery and prenatal antiretroviral therapy in the mother and antiretroviral therapy in the newborn immediately after birth. (medscape.com)
  • Mylonakis E, Dickinson B, Feller A, Sweeney J, Schiffman FJ, Rich J, Flanigan T. Combination antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor decreased the transfusion requirements of HIV infected individuals with anemia of chronic disease. (drbriandickinson.com)
  • Background: With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), life expectancy of HIV-infected persons had increased and the disease is now managed as a chronic one, but the quality of life (QOL) of the patients is now a concern. (bvsalud.org)
PLWHA1
  • Although the reaction to PLWHA varies, with some PLWHA receiving support which positively affects them, HIV/AIDS stigma negatively affects seeking HIV testing, seeking care after diagnosis, quality of care given to HIV patients, and finally the negative perception and treatment of PLWHA by their communities and families, including partners [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Statistically1
  • After controlling for the effects of confounders, the association between CMD and seropositivity was no longer statistically significant (AOR = 1.56, 0.86-2.85). (biomedcentral.com)
Serology1
  • Interpretation of indeterminate HIV serology Results in an incarcerated population. (drbriandickinson.com)
Prevention efforts1
  • HIV prevention efforts in MENA must be prioritized for these high-risk groups. (cyberleninka.org)
Prenatal2
  • In addition, simplifying prenatal and other testing procedures can lead to more effective use of resources that CDC provides to prevent perinatal and other HIV transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Women should be tested for HIV during routine prenatal testing, on an opt-out basis when possible. (medscape.com)
Risk19
  • One of the barriers to reaching those who are at risk or infected with HIV/AIDS is stigma [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • CDC's HIV prevention activities over the past two decades have focused on helping uninfected persons at high-risk for acquiring HIV change and maintain behaviors to keep them uninfected. (cdc.gov)
  • We also call for an expanded model that acknowledges biology, gender inequality, and gendered power relations but also directly examines social structure, gender, and HIV risk for heterosexual women and men. (aphapublications.org)
  • More important, does this transformation serve the current needs of those at risk for HIV? (aphapublications.org)
  • HIV infection increases the risk of TB infection [8, 9] by 26 to 36 times [10,11] . (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • [ 98 , 99 ] Retesting annually or more often is recommended for those at high risk because of injection drug use, sex with an injection drug user, sex for money or drugs, sex since their most recent HIV test with men who have sex with men, or sex since their most recent HIV test with more than 1 person. (medscape.com)
  • Women at high risk for HIV infection, including injection drug users and women with multiple sex partners during their pregnancy, should be retested in their third trimester. (medscape.com)
  • Measures taken to reduce the risk of contracting HIV is abstinence, using condoms while having sex, taking preventative medications, getting tested for HIV or other STDs regularly, and talking to your sexual partners about HIV and STDs. (health.mil)
  • 3 In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with HIV infection are at increased risk for HHV-8 infection. (hiv.gov)
  • 4-6 Injection drug use may also be a risk factor for HHV-8 seropositivity, 7 although this association has not been consistently observed. (hiv.gov)
  • Objective-- This report presents national estimates of the percentage and number of This report is intended to provide persons in the U.S. population aged 15-44 who report behaviors that place them at reliable national estimates of some basic increased risk for acquiring or transmitting human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • The statistics on certain types of sexual and report also contains data on condom use and HIV testing by persons who report risk drug use behavior, in order to estimate behaviors. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, estimates of self-reported risk for HIV from the Cycle 6 National the size and characteristics of Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) are compared with data from other recent national populations at elevated risk for surveys. (cdc.gov)
  • The survey engaged in either drug use or sexual behavior that placed them at increased risk for HIV. (cdc.gov)
  • STDs increase the risk of transmission of HIV infection causing an immense need to understand the patterns of STDs prevailing in the regions of a country for proper planning and implementation of STD control strategies. (ijstd.org)
  • Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 as a Risk Factor and Outcome Modifier for Cryptococcosis in HIV Negative, Non-transplant Patients, a Propensity Score Match Analysis. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART is recommended to reduce the risk of HHV-8-associated Kaposi sarcoma (strong, low) . (hiv.gov)
  • Effective suppression of HIV replication with ART in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma may prevent Kaposi sarcoma progression or occurrence of new lesions and may decrease risk of recurrence after remission. (hiv.gov)
  • These first observations in Gabon highlight the importance of the desire to have children in PLHIV and sero-discordant couples, and they show the level of interest in developing assistance methods for procreation and family planning programs to help this population, as well as to reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. (openaidsjournal.com)
Characteristics5
  • HIV simple/rapid essays : operational characteristics (Phase 1). (who.int)
  • HIV simple/rapid assays : operational characteristics (Phase I). Report 12: Simple rapid tests, whole blood specimens. (who.int)
  • HIV assays : operational characteristics (Phase 1). (who.int)
  • HIV assays : operational characteristics. (who.int)
  • We compared maternal sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilization related to cases of congenital syphilis during the periods from 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. (scielo.br)
Results1
  • voluntary informed consent was sought for participation in research interviews and data linkage with HIV test results. (biomedcentral.com)
Africa9
  • The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
  • Literature about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa was systematically searched in Pubmed, Medscape, and Psycinfo up to March 31, 2009. (hindawi.com)
  • More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended. (hindawi.com)
  • Currently, there is an increasing number of research on HIV-related stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa, the origins and contents of stigma, contributing factors and the gender dimension of stigma. (hindawi.com)
  • another search with "HIV/AIDS'', "discrimination'' and "Africa'' gave an additional 192 abstracts (Medline 73, PsycInfo 15, and Pubmed 104). (hindawi.com)
  • Sub-Saharan Africa inhabited with 38 million HIV infected peoples, remains one of the highest regions as 68% of globally HIV infected people are residing in this region consequently resulting about 15% of HIV transmission through blood transfusion [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subtype B is predominant in western and central Europe, the Americas, Australia, and is commonly found in several countries of Southeast Asia.2 Subtype C is the main genetic form in southern Africa and India, the two countries where more than 80% of the global HIV cases occur. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Since 1981, the majority of the HIV-infected population lives in countries with limited resources in Africa. (openaidsjournal.com)
Human9
  • In 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Literature on the spectrum of opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients from developing countries is sparse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The history should be carefully taken to elicit possible exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medscape.com)
  • Its purpose is to inform clinicians in NYS who provide primary care to individuals with HIV about human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal disease and assist them in identifying opportunities for prevention, screening, and treatment. (hivguidelines.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was identified as the cause of AIDS in 1983. (health.mil)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) synergize to aggravate the associated morbidity of each other in the human body. (ijstd.org)
  • [1] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major cause of illness, long-term disability, and death, with severe medical and psychological consequences for millions of men and women. (ijstd.org)
  • The high HEV seropositivity of the farm workers together with the previous identification of this virus in human sewage suggests circulation to humans. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B(HBV),Hepatitis C( HCV),and Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)in a large trauma center in northeast of Iran. (ijos.ir)
19991
  • Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 28, no. 5 (2001): 487-94. (yale.edu)
Population3
  • Highly visible street-based HIV rapid testing: is it an attractive option for a previously untested population? (bmj.com)
  • Though the majority of HIV-infected population lives in developing nations, there is a paucity of data on natural history, pattern of disease and survival of hospitalised patients with HIV/AIDS from these regions, especially India. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods-- Data from the NSFG Cycle 6, conducted by the Centers for Disease immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), are based virus that causes acquired on interviews with a national sample of the household population of the United States. (cdc.gov)
STDs1
  • The aim was to study the pattern of presentations of STDs in patients with HIV. (ijstd.org)
Coinfection1
  • The burgeoning HIV/HCV syndemic in the urban Northeast: HCV, HIV, and HIV/HCV coinfection in an urban setting. (yale.edu)
Endemic2
  • HHV-8 is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) including classic, endemic, transplant-related, and AIDS-related, as well as rare neoplastic disorders (primary effusion lymphoma [PEL] and solid organ variants) and the lymphoproliferative disorder known as multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). (hiv.gov)
  • HIV-related, classic endemic, and iatrogenic) and with two rare neoplastic conditions usually associated with HIV infection: body cavity-based lymphoma, also known as primary effusion lymphoma (a B-cell lymphoma that typically arises in body cavities such as the pleural space), and multicentric Castleman disease (non-cancerous tumors that may develop in lymph nodes in a single site or in multiple sites throughout the body). (hiv.gov)
Dementia1
  • HIV infection itself does cause some sequelae, including AIDS-associated dementia/encephalopathy and HIV wasting syndrome (chronic diarrhea and weight loss with no identifiable cause). (medscape.com)
20211
  • HIV awareness graphic is created on Adobe Photoshop at Fort Carson, Colorado, July 16, 2021. (health.mil)
Seropositive2
  • Therefore, routine testing to identify HHV-8-seropositive, HIV-infected patients is not recommended (strong, very low) . (hiv.gov)
  • The aim of this review is to identify key data and factors about HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-seropositive patients. (oncotarget.com)
Condom1
  • Before you pick up a hot number, pick up a condom: AIDS. (nih.gov)
Screening4
  • Women who were not tested earlier in pregnancy or whose HIV status otherwise is undocumented should be offered rapid screening upon labor and delivery using the opt-out approach when allowed. (medscape.com)
  • Screening for HIV. (medscape.com)
  • Screening for HIV in health care settings: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer screening in patients infected with HIV. (yale.edu)