2000 mice crosses genetic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
In the past two decades, QTL analyses have identified well over 2000 QTL associated with such diseases, 1,2,3 and the genes underlying these QTL are being identified at a faster pace than ever. (jax.org)
Because of cross-species concordance, QTL and their underlying candidate genes can first be identified, cost-effectively, in mice and then the genes can be tested relatively easily in humans and verified in mice. (jax.org)
Both Human Molecular Genetics papers employ imaging techniques to visualize and track neural crest migration in mice mutant in HSCR candidate genes. (stowers.org)
Ongoing work in the laboratory is focused on testing the hypothesis that hypomorphic mutations in the RAG genes that partially (but not completely) compromise T-cell development cause altered cross-talk with thymic stromal cells and by that mechanism also affect maturation and function of subsets of thymic epithelial cells involved in the process of negative selection of self-reactive T cells, thereby leading to increased risk of autoimmunity. (nih.gov)
The discovery that mutations in sarcomere protein genes cause HCM has enabled the development of mouse models that recapitulate clinical manifestations of disease. (rupress.org)
These are the animals whose genome has been changed in some way, and now they are crossed with each other to obtain genetically homogeneous lines and check whether the modified genes are now working (or, conversely, have stopped working) exactly as it was intended. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
This approach turns out to be widely used precisely due to the fact that we are relatives with mice and many of our genes are almost identical. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
But there is another task: the study of those genes that, in the case of humans, on the contrary, differ markedly not only from mice, but even from the genes of chimpanzees. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

The C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice exhibit an age-related hearing loss (AHL) due to a recessive gene (Ahl) that maps to Chromosome 10. (cdc.gov)
Genome scan for trabecular bone density, from a cross between strains C57BL/6J and C3H. (jax.org)
Site specific mutation of the Zic2 locus by microinjection of TALEN mRNA in mouse CD1, C3H and C57BL/6J oocytes. (xenbase.org)
Alterations of their tumorigenic phenotypes including survival rate, tumor formation and tumor spectrum, were assessed in FVB/N-Trp53 em2Hwl /Korl and C57BL/6-Trp53 em1Hwl /Korl knockout (KO) mice over 16 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, numerous solid tumors were also observed in various regions of the surface skin of FVB/N-Trp53 em2Hwl /Korl KO mice, but were not detected in C57BL/6-Trp53 em1Hwl /Korl KO mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate that the spectrum and incidence of tumors induced by the TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant gene is greater in FVB/N-Trp53 em2Hwl /Korl KO mice than C57BL/6-Trp53 em1Hwl /Korl KO mice over 16 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
The first Trp53 KO mice were generated by the recombination of intron 4 and exon 5 in C57BL/6 mice using embryonic stem cell (ESC) targeting techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
Similar tumors were also observed in KO mice having the exon 2 or exon 2-6 deletion in C57BL/6 mice. (biomedcentral.com)
This study was therefore undertaken to compared the tumorigenic phenotypes of FVB/N-Trp53 em2Hwl /Korl and C57BL/6-Trp53 em1Hwl /Korl KO mice encompassing the TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant gene (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we compared the microbiota of non-thermally processed and thermally processedfood (NF andTF) andinvestigatedgut microbiota associated with NF andTFincatfish Silurus meridionalis and C57BL/6 mice to assess effects of thermal processing of food on gut microbiota and to further identify the differences in host responses. (deepdyve.com)

5:832-835, 1999) and of genetic diseases (PNAS. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
In addition, powerful databases like the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database, the JAX® Mice database and the Mouse Phenome Database - all maintained at The Jackson Laboratory - are constantly improving to facilitate QTL mapping in the mouse. (jax.org)
Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression. (tamu.edu)
A genetic linkage map of the bovine genome. (tamu.edu)
Variations in abundance: genome-wide responses to genetic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here I review recent work in yeast, flies, mice and primates that examines the influences of naturally occurring sequence variation, chromosomal order and speciation on genome-wide expression profiles of both RNA and protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome 11 (2000) 645-648. (gse-journal.org)

2) the role of genetic factors in modulating the induction or perpetuation of autoimmune diseases by environmental or infectious agents and 3) the interaction of hormones and gender differences with environmental or infectious agents in development of autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
It provides unique identifiers, names and synonyms, list of complex members with their unique identifiers (UniProt, ChEBI, RNAcentral), function, binding and stoichiometry annotations, descriptions of their topology, assembly structure, ligands and associated diseases as well as cross-references to the same complex in other databases (e.g. (stanford.edu)
Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)

That similarity has become all the more evident in the past 15 years as comparative genomics has demonstrated that the location of mouse and other model animal QTL can predict the location of homologous QTL in humans. (jax.org)
The cells that go awry in HSCR are a subset of what are called neural crest cells, embryonic cells that spring from the developing brain and spinal cord in mice or humans and then travel long distances to form, among others, structures in the face and heart, smooth muscle, and neurons of the peripheral nervous system, including those that innervate the gut. (stowers.org)
Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)
or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)

We assessed the plasmid content of B. miyamotoi LB-2001 over 64 culture passages spanning 15 months and determined that strain LB-2001 retained all plasmids upon prolonged in vitro cultivation and remained infectious in mice. (cdc.gov)

We also aim to define the mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in patients with CID of known genetic etiology. (nih.gov)
The etiology is unknown, and the genetic component is complex, making clear distinctions between the various subtypes difficult. (medscape.com)
The journey from defining genetic etiology to molecular understanding of disease mechanism can be frustratingly slow, requiring exploration of how mutations alter functions of the encoded protein and delineation of the responses that they trigger in relevant cells. (rupress.org)

The present study demonstrates segregation for the putative Ahl gene and mapping of such a gene to Chromosome 10, consistent with other independent mapping of Ahl for AHL in 10 strains of mice [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
All of the available evidence supports a role for the Ahl gene in both AHL and NIHL among these strains of mice. (cdc.gov)
Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)

Corrigendum: analyses of allele-specific gene expression in highly divergent mouse crosses identifies pervasive allelic imbalance. (tamu.edu)

Quantitative trait loci analyses (log of the odds=15) indicated association of the genetic factor within a few centiMorgan of the best evidence for Ahl [Johnson et al. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping locates and estimates the effect of genetic loci that regulate quantitative traits. (jax.org)
Genetic correlations between loci on different chromosomes can be high and can generate false positive linkage. (nervenet.org)

Double mutant mice showed serious defects: fewer neural crest cells migrated out of the embryonic spinal cord, and the ones that remained underwent increased cell death as they traveled toward the gut. (stowers.org)

Here, we described the development of a murine monoclonal antibody cross-reactive to CSGVs engineered to contain the variable regions of the murine antibody on the backbone of human IgM. (cdc.gov)

2000). The main advantage in this context is that the complex genetic and epigenetic correlations among interconnected parts of the brain can be explored using complementary molecular, developmental, structural, pharmacological, and behavioral techniques. (nervenet.org)
As patients with MDS have widely variable prognosis, we need to stratify them according to chromosomal abnormalities, genetic alterations, and epigenetic deregulations associated with progression to AML in order to treat these patients appropriately. (karger.com)
Herein, we describe cytogenetic, genetic and molecular aberrations in MDS, focusing on epigenetic alterations through PcG. (karger.com)

The presence or absence of a hotspot depends on the MHC haplotype involved in genetic crosses used to detect recombination. (soken.ac.jp)
It is notable that these motifs are also found in a hotspot identified in the mouse MHC class III region, as well as a hotspot identified in the vicinity of TAP2 gene in the human MHC class II region. (soken.ac.jp)

They offer compelling advantages for mapping complex genetic traits, particularly those that have low heritabilities. (nervenet.org)
The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits. (tamu.edu)

Molecular basis of mouse microphthalmia (mi) mutations helps explain their developmental and phenotypic consequences. (tamu.edu)
12 Similar to patients, the dystrophin mutant mdx mice do not express dystrophin 13 and have been widely used as a model system to study DMD and to make important advances in understanding therapeutic strategies as well as the molecular processes and underlying causes of the disease. (nature.com)
We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
With the samples collected in these studies, the genetic characteristics of P. falciparum parasites based on in vivo parasite clearance time (PCT) was investigated to explore if these parasites had developed resistance to DHA and PIP at molecular level. (bvsalud.org)

We report here that the Fgf2 null mutant mice show an ∼40% decrease in cortical glutamatergic pyramidal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Because Fgf2 −/− mice lacked 45% of cortical neurons at birth, the progenitor loss is compensated only in part during neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
Because the dorsal PVE was depleted of progenitors but the ganglionic eminences were not affected in Fgf2 −/− mice, we predicted that these mice should lack a population of pyramidal neurons, but their cortical GABA interneurons should have remained unchanged. (jneurosci.org)
As a result, near the end of embryogenesis, Pax3 / Tcof1 double mutant mice lacked the normal complement of neurons in the large intestine, a condition mimicking human HSCR. (stowers.org)

The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
Almost every such gene is naturally suspected of "making us human," and sometimes with the help of genetically modified mice, you can get funny confirmations of this hypothesis. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

The objective of the consultation was to agree on the major elements of a WHO programme on health and human rights for the period 1998-2000. (who.int)

Crosses of these telomerase null mice to other tumor prone mice show that tumor formation can be greatly reduced by short telomeres. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Numerous Trp53 KO mice containing large deletions of the Trp53 gene have been produced to investigate the role of Trp53 during the developmental process or tumor formation in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
Second-generation shRNA libraries covering the mouse and human genomes. (tamu.edu)
97:13312-7, 2000) reflective of many human disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Genetic similarities among varieties by RAPD analysis The RAPD data were used to estimate the genetic similarities and the phylogenetic human relationships among the 14 varieties genotypes. (woofahs.com)
The database currently holds approximately 2000 complexes with the majority from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human and mouse. (stanford.edu)
Discovering the genetic cause for human disease, while often a notable accomplishment, can be akin to a scientific birth announcement-a new name with a future that has more potential than promise. (rupress.org)
Here, we describe the development of new murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive to CSGVs and the engineering of a human-murine chimeric antibody by combining the variable regions of the broadly CSGV cross-reactive murine MAb, 3-3B6/2-3B2 and the constant region of the human IgM. (cdc.gov)

At 15 to 25 weeks of age, the homozygote variants of these mice were found to be dramatically susceptible to the development of multiple tumor types, and malignant lymphoma and sarcomas were frequently observed in the thymus and major visceral organs of these animals [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Rats and mice (as well as fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds) in the USA are not counted with accuracy to the individual, but, according to rough estimates, the total number of vertebrates used in experiments was about 20 million per year in the mid-1980s [2] and about 17 million per year in the mid-2000-x [3]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Much more accurate statistics exist for all mammals besides rats and mice (that is, for hamsters, rabbits, pigs, etc.) - in 1984, a little more than 2 million of these animals were used, and in 2014 exactly 834,453 pieces [4]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

By implementing a P. falciparum genetic cross using humanized mice, we report the identification of key determinants of resistance to artemisinin (ART) and piperaquine (PPQ) in the dominant Asian KEL1/PLA1 lineage. (bvsalud.org)

Most of these mice showed similar phenotypes as an effective result of the null alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, it provides further support for models in which genetic conflicts, such as those caused by meiotic drive alleles, can drive speciation. (elifesciences.org)

Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise -induced hearing loss in mice. (cdc.gov)
These genetic effects implicate the Ahl gene as contributing to NIHL susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
Exposure-response relationships are also very dependent on the genetic susceptibility of the individual. (cdc.gov)

2010 ). Results from cav-1 (caveolin-1, the key structural protein of caveolae)-deficient mice indicated that cav-1 in endothelium is essential in the translocation of LDL-derived cholesterol into the vessel wall and in the development of atherosclerosis, and this result was further confirmed in apoE-/- mice (Fernandez-Hernando et al. (springer.com)
The mouse model of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis was induced by streptozotocin injections and an atherogenic diet. (hindawi.com)
reported that GGTase-I deficiency in mouse macrophages slowed down the progression of atherosclerosis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

In this study, mouse conditional knockout of VSMC GGTase-I (Pggt1b Δ / Δ mice) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. (hindawi.com)

These assumptions fit neatly with the dominant neo-Darwinian theory, which says that all of marvelous life on earth evolved, and is still evolving essentially by the natural selection of random genetic mutations. (i-sis.org.uk)

Cross-validation showed 95.2% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity for identifying diseased spectra. (nature.com)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from previously treated patients ( n = 88) from all regions of Syrian Arab Republic were characterized in terms of antibiotic sensitivity and genotyping using double-repetitive- element polymerase chain reaction (DRE-PCR) method for the proximity of the repetitive DNA elements IS 6110 (a mobile genetic element) and PGRS. (who.int)

Genetic information is strictly linear, and goes in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protein, and no reverse information flow is allowed. (i-sis.org.uk)

This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivities of mice strains during tumor induction by transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-mediated Trp53 mutant gene. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, after a 16-week duration of diabetes, Pggt1b Δ / Δ mice exhibited lower α -smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA) and nitrotyrosine level, Rac1 activity, p47phox and NOXO1 expression, and phospho-ERK1/2 and phosphor-JNK content than wild-type mice. (hindawi.com)

Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement on genetic testing for cystic fibrosis. (medscape.com)

Interpreting the functional significance of genetic polymorphisms in natural populations poses a major challenge. (biomedcentral.com)

0.5% of animals are required for veterinary and environmental studies, and the remaining half percent are divided into educational projects and the use of mice for diagnosis (for example, if you have a patient with a suspicion of a particular infectious disease, but standard tests do not detect it yet, you can take some blood from him, try to infect mice and observe their condition). (vechnayamolodost.ru)

The infectious abortion model using pregnant mice is a powerful tool for investigating the mechanisms of pathogen infection. (biomedcentral.com)

The B6xD2.F(1) hybrid mice (Ahl/Ahl) are more susceptible to NIHL than the CBxB6.F(1) mice (+/Ahl) [Erway et al. (cdc.gov)

Tumours in the circulatory system, large intestine and liver were reported in mice exposed via the dietary route as well. (gc.ca)

The lab also is using the telomerase null mice to explore the essential role of telomerase stem cell viability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Bruggeman SWM, Valk-Lingbeek ME, van der Stoop PPM, Jacobs JJL, Kieboom K, et al: Ink4A and Arf differentially affect cell proliferation and neural stem cell self-renewal in Bmi1-deficient mice. (karger.com)
No mortality was observed for the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of the leaves and stem bark extracts. (bvsalud.org)

Most QTL have been mapped in model organisms such as the mouse and the rat. (jax.org)
Partial least squares discriminant analysis was applied to the spectral dataset acquired from blood serum of a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( mdx ) and control mice. (nature.com)
This proof-of-concept study presents Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of blood serum as an easy, fast, non-expensive, and minimally invasive detection method for distinguishing control and mdx model mice, with a strong potential for clinical diagnosis of DMD. (nature.com)
The lab has developed a mouse model to study this disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Cardiac beta ARK1 inhibition prolongs survival and augments beta blocker therapy in a mouse model of severe heart failure. (duke.edu)
The (Bateson) Dobzhansky-Muller (BDM) model provided a solution to the paradox of how genetic changes that lead to speciation could be tolerated by natural selection despite decreasing the fitness potential of an organism. (elifesciences.org)
Genetic animal model, contextual fear conditioning, anxiety. (bvsalud.org)

To improve the accuracy, ease, and potential of an early diagnosis, we focused on developing a novel method for diagnosing DMD using Raman hyperspectroscopic analysis of mdx mouse blood serum combined with advanced statistical analysis. (nature.com)

The recombinant TPR proteins were used for investigation of the effect of TPR proteins on bacterial uptake by TG cells and on pregnancy in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
[9] Subsequent research has shown that many different proteins can form amyloid, and that all amyloids show birefringence in cross- polarized light after staining with the dye Congo red , as well as a fibrillar ultrastructure when viewed with an electron microscope . (wikipedia.org)

Genetic relationship of a newly found out teosinte from Nicaragua, with waterlogging tolerance, was decided based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA using 14 accessions from species. (woofahs.com)
Nevertheless, the actual genetic relationship of in species now could be uncertain until. (woofahs.com)
Even so, the genetic relationship of in species ought to be investigated systematically further. (woofahs.com)
The percentage of polymorphism was 84.86% and each primer generated an average of 38.99 bands and 33.09 polymorphic bands, indicating extensive genetic diversity existing in species. (woofahs.com)
Since the evolutionary forces driving genetic changes that cause infertility between species are likely also acting within species, the study of hybrid sterility also promises significant insight into mechanisms underlying infertility within species. (elifesciences.org)
It is a zoonosis, with the primary reservoir species identified as the Natal multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
Epistasis and the release of genetic variation during long-term selection. (tamu.edu)
Recent work to map genetic sources of expression variation has shown a surprising balance between cis and trans effects. (biomedcentral.com)

Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice are resistant to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity. (xenbase.org)

The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)
The earlier study, published in January of 2012, reported that mice missing one of their two copies of a gene called Tcof1 not only produced fewer neural crest cells but that colonization of the gut by the remaining cells proceeded slowly compared to normal mice. (stowers.org)

The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is particularly useful for helping investigators select the most appropriate strains to cross in a QTL mapping project. (jax.org)

Acute GVHD was associated with changes in thymic architecture and a reduction in cellularity mainly because of the decrease in CD4(+)CD8(+), or double-positive (DP) thymocytes, to less than 15% of values found in mice without GVHD. (ox.ac.uk)

Both fish and mice fed TF had significantly lower gut microbial diversity than those fed NF. (deepdyve.com)

The present study was based on a conventional cross between two inbred strains, CBxB6.F(1) backcrossed to B6 with segregation for the putative +/Ahl:Ahl/Ahl. (cdc.gov)
A similarity coefficient matrix AZD1480 showed the genetic range among all varieties in the present study (Table 1). (woofahs.com)
Association between socioeconomic status, sex, and age at death from cystic fibrosis in England and Wales (1959 to 2008): cross sectional study. (medscape.com)

Elborn JS, Shale DJ, Britton JR. Cystic fibrosis: current survival and population estimates to the year 2000. (medscape.com)

In addition, the soma of the pyramidal cells in the frontal and parietal cortices are smaller in Fgf2 knock-out mice. (jneurosci.org)

California serogroup viruses (CSGVs) of medical importance in the United States include La Crosse virus, Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), California encephalitis virus, and snowshoe hare virus. (cdc.gov)

the costs and error rates of long-read sequencing make it prohibitive for routine use, and ethical considerations can limit the public and private use of genetic data. (nature.com)

Expression of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice. (duke.edu)
Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of genetic animal models to investigate the bidirectional relationship between trait anxiety and defensive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
An acute oral toxicity test was done based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 425) guidelines using Swiss albino mice. (bvsalud.org)

Understanding the genetic basis of HSCR offers hope for better diagnostics and treatment for it and other developmental defects caused by failure of cell migration. (stowers.org)
Kemp S.J., Teale A.J., Genetic basis of trypanotolerance in cattle and mice, Parasitol. (gse-journal.org)

While the mode of induction of tumours has not been fully elucidated, based on the genotoxicity of 2-nitrotoluene, the tumours observed in the experimental animals are considered to have resulted from direct interaction with genetic material. (gc.ca)

Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium. (medscape.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms58

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes95

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science3

Health Care7

Geographicals3

Genes9

C57BL10

19991

Genome7

Diseases3

Humans4

Vitro1

Etiology3

Strains of mice3

Allelic1

Loci3

Embryonic1

Monoclonal antibody1

Epigenetic3

Hotspot2

Traits2

Molecular4

Neurons4

Genetically2

19981

Tumor formation2

Human7

Variants1

Rats2

Identification1

Alleles2

Susceptibility3

Atherosclerosis3

Knockout1

Mutations1

Sensitivity2

Protein1

Mutant1

Diabetes1

Consensus2

Populations1

Patient1

Infectious1

Susceptible1

Large intestine1

Stem3

Model7

Diagnosis1

Proteins2

Species6

Variation3

Resistant1

Neural2

Investigators1

Found1

Diversity1

Study3

Year1

Addition1

Include1

Limit1

Development3

Basis2

Induction1

Analysis1