GlycolysisEnzymeDihydroxyacetone phosphateBisphosphate aldolaseDehydrogenaseTriosephosphate isomeraseProteinsGlucoseEnzymesBiochemicalProteinGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphaGeneDeficiencyDiagnosisSubstrateMetabolismTetramericHereditaryHemolytic anemiaStrains2018Generates2022FDPaseLiverCatalyzesMetabolicTissueCarbonStructuresBiochemistry2017OccursHypoglycemiaSugarsPeroxisomalSevereClostridiumPlantInitialNCBI BLink
Glycolysis4
- Aldolase also takes part in glycolysis by attacking the fructose-1-6-PO4. (labpedia.net)
- What is the role of Aldolase in glycolysis? (allanimalsguide.com)
- Rounding out the upper glycolysis pathway, the identity of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the genome was verified and reported to have substantial activity with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, in the presence of the divalent ion, Zn 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
- The reason for the phosphorylation lies further downstream in glycolysis: The isomerization by the glucose phosphate isomerase and the subsequent second phosphorylation into Fructose-1,6-biphosphate make the conversion and dedication of the molecule into the glycolysis irreversible. (stackexchange.com)
Enzyme16
- Fructose-bisphosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FBP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene encodes a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) (also termed fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) is a focal enzyme in gluconeogenesis via its conversion of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) to fructose 6-phosphate (F-6-P), which permits endogenous glucose production from gluconeogenic amino acids (eg, alanine and glycine), glycerol, or lactate. (medscape.com)
- The interaction between the spike of the detected SARS-CoV-like viruses and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor could be crucial in understanding the origin of the epidemic. (bvsalud.org)
- Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Volume 2 reviews developments in the determination of enzyme activity, including advances in assay techniques. (elsevier.com)
- 2011. Glycolytic and non-glycolytic functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, an essential enzyme produced by replicating and non-replicating bacilli. . (cornell.edu)
- Aldolase is a glycolytic enzyme that splits fructose-1,6-phosphatase into two triose phosphate molecules in glucose metabolism. (labpedia.net)
- Aldolase enzyme is present in the cell and the nucleus. (labpedia.net)
- This is a glycolytic enzyme, and it cleaves fructose 1,6 - bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 - phosphate. (labpedia.net)
- Fructose-1-phosphate is split into D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by aldolase B, that enzyme is found in the liver. (labpedia.net)
- Phosphofructokinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate andATP to fructose 16-bisphosphate and ADP. (allanimalsguide.com)
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 13-bisphosphoglycerate. (allanimalsguide.com)
- Asberg C, Hjalmarson O, Alm J, Martinsson T, Waldenström J, Hellerud C. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency: enzyme and mutation analysis performed on calcitriol-stimulated monocytes with a note on long-term prognosis. (medscape.com)
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency: severe phenotype with normal leukocyte enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
- With the help of water, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 turns 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA into 3a,7a,24-trihydoxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
- This compound then uses peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 to create chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate4
- Tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (TBPA) is a tetrameric class II aldolase that catalyzes the reversible condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Aldolase catalyzes the conversion of fructose 16-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (allanimalsguide.com)
- Fructose-1,6-biphosphate is then cleaved by the aldolase into two C3-units: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA-3-P). GA-3-P is converted into DHAP, so that downstream only one metabolite needs to be processed. (stackexchange.com)
- If the aldolase reaction for triose → hexose evolved around glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate then perhaps the involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was dictated by the underlying chemistry of the aldolase condensation, and the steps to glucose followed from there. (stackexchange.com)
Bisphosphate aldolase5
- Inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase prevents optimal co-catabolism of glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon substrates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (cornell.edu)
- Structure of Tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Comparisons of TBPA with the related fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) identifies common features with implications for the mechanism. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- We report the crystal structures of glycosomal fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from two major tropical pathogens, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana, the causative agents of African sleeping sickness and one form of leishmaniasis, respectively. (rcsb.org)
- Co-expression of additional EMP enzymes, fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi), with Pfk I did not enable EMP flux, and resulted in production of glycerol as a side product. (frontiersin.org)
Dehydrogenase2
- Sorbitol Dehydrogenase 2. (elsevier.com)
- dehydrogenase/reductase 13 [Source:HGNC S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Triosephosphate isomerase1
- Note that the main carbon fixation pathway in photoautotrophs does indeed use this process: carbon fixation by RuBisCO generates 3-phosphoglycerate and the subsequent action of triosephosphate isomerase and aldolase generates fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (stackexchange.com)
Proteins1
- Plant 14-3-3 proteins are mainly thought to be regulators of carbon and nitrogen metabolism [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose3
- Glucose 6-phosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. (allanimalsguide.com)
- begingroup$ Very good response thank you, in addition I finded out that fructose 1,6 biphosphate is somewhat more 'simetrical' than glucose-6-phosphate, if it wasn't isomerized it would only form 1 usable substrate, the other would be slightly off shape and wouldn't fit in enzymes further in the chain, I not sure if this is accurate, but it sounds logical. (stackexchange.com)
- I quote: "Then it [glucose 6-phosphate] is converted into fructose-6-phosphate, why is this? (stackexchange.com)
Enzymes4
- Biochemical study of defective aldolase B enzymes is key to revealing the molecular basis of the disease and providing a stronger basis for improved treatment and diagnosis. (brighton.ac.uk)
- Because the major product of the condensation catalyzed by the enzymes differs in the chirality at a single position, models of FBPA and TBPA with their cognate bisphosphate products provide insight into chiral discrimination by these aldolases. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)
- These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
Biochemical3
- Timson, David J. / The biochemical basis of hereditary fructose intolerance . (brighton.ac.uk)
- Handling of Biochemical Reagents and Samples 2. (elsevier.com)
- Buhrdel P, Bohme HJ, Didt L. Biochemical and clinical observations in four patients with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Protein4
- The 3D protein structure analysis revealed that the receptor-binding domains of the SARS-like virus identified in Lebanon bind to the hACE2 protein more efficiently than to the spike of the SARS-CoV-2 strain. (bvsalud.org)
- Our analysis of this data reveals an absolute protein-to-RNA ratio of 10 2 -10 4 for bacterial populations and 10 3 -10 5 for an archaeon, which is more comparable to Eukaryotic representatives' humans and yeast. (nature.com)
- For example, when Escherichia coli is grown axenically in steady state, we can expect that each RNA molecule corresponds to 10 2 -10 4 of the matching protein (absolute protein-to-RNA ratio, hereafter referred protein-to-RNA ratio) and the variation in the level of cellular RNA explains ~29% of the variation in the amount of detectable protein 2 . (nature.com)
- Indeed, the protein-to-RNA ratio per sample of the bacterial populations matched previous calculations for the existing example from axenically cultured E. coli 2 . (nature.com)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phospha1
- G3PDH is responsible for the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 13-bisphosphoglycerate (13BPG). (allanimalsguide.com)
Gene3
- Human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene (FBP1): exon-intron organization, localization to chromosome bands 9q22.2-q22.3, and mutation screening in subjects with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare, but potentially lethal, inherited disorder of fructose metabolism, caused by mutation of the aldolase B gene. (brighton.ac.uk)
- This review gives a general overview of the features of hereditary fructose intolerance, then concentrates on the biochemistry of the AP variant (Ala149Pro variant of aldolase B) and molecular pathological consequences of mutation of the aldolase B gene. (brighton.ac.uk)
Deficiency14
- Patients with FDPase deficiency typically present in the newborn period with symptoms or signs related to hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis following ingestion of fructose. (medscape.com)
- Fasting hypoglycaemia and metabolic acidosis associated with deficiency of hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity. (medscape.com)
- Herzog B, Morris AA, Saunders C, Eschrich K. Mutation spectrum in patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Identification of genetic mutations in Japanese patients with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Rapid, simplified and sensitive method for screening fructose-1,6- diphosphatase deficiency by analyzing urinary metabolites in urease/direct preparations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring mode. (medscape.com)
- Diagnosis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency using cultured lymphocyte fraction: a secure and noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy. (medscape.com)
- Three successful pregnancies through dietary management of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Beatty ME, Zhang YH, McCabe ER, Steiner RD. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency and glyceroluria: one possible etiology for GIS. (medscape.com)
- Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to the damage of multiple organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system [1] Among the two most common types of diabetes, Type 1 occurs when the insulin producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system and there is usually no cure, while in Type 2 diabetes there is insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency [2]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
- Glycogen storage disease type XII is a rare metabolic disease resulting from Aldolase A deficiency that causes muscle glycogen accumulation, with crisis of rhabdomyolysis and hemolytic anemia. (biomedcentral.com)
- A case report of a patient with a new phenotype of Aldolase A deficiency characterized by epilepsy and rhabdomyolysis, Treated with ketogenic diet. (biomedcentral.com)
- Glycogen storage disease type XII (GSD XII) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by aldolase A (ALDOA) deficiency, characterized by hemolytic anemia and rhabdomyolysis with or without myopathy or intellectual disability. (biomedcentral.com)
- The first case of aldolase A deficiency was reported in 1973 by Beutler et al. (biomedcentral.com)
- The proband, was a boy aged 14-years when the diagnosis of aldolase deficiency was established. (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnosis1
- The major use of aldolase is for the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. (labpedia.net)
Substrate2
- Pfp (Cthe_0347) was previously characterized as pyrophosphate dependent with fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) as its substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
- Short-term and diurnal variations in delta C-13(res) of foliage and roots (up to 8 and 4aEuro degrees, respectively) were in agreement with: (1) recent hypotheses on post-photosynthetic fractionation processes, (2) substrate changes with decreasing assimilation rates in combination with increased respiratory demand, and (3) decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in drying roots, while altered photosynthetic discrimination was not responsible for the observed changes in delta C-13(res). (uni-bielefeld.de)
Metabolism1
- Changes of liver metabolite concentrations in adults with disorders of fructose metabolism after intravenous fructose by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (medscape.com)
Tetrameric1
- In both tetrameric trypanosomatid aldolases, the PTS2s from two different subunits form two closely intertwined structures. (rcsb.org)
Hereditary1
- Functional and molecular modelling studies of two hereditary fructose intolerance-causing mutations at arginine 303 in human liver aldolase. (medscape.com)
Hemolytic anemia1
- Megaloblastic and hemolytic anemia (about 10 to 13 times the normal). (labpedia.net)
Strains3
- In this study, the genomes of 1,230 Lebanese SARS-CoV-2 strains collected throughout 2 years of the outbreak in Lebanon were analyzed, 115 of which sequenced within this project. (bvsalud.org)
- Nineteen of these identified a single or dominant strain ( 1 , 3 , 5 - 13 , 16 ), and three multiple strains ( 2 , 4 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
- Nursing home outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal infections caused by 2 distinct strains. (cdc.gov)
20181
- 2018. 13 (2):e0190627. (medscape.com)
Generates1
- Two subunits comprise the asymmetric unit, and a crystallographic 2-fold axis generates the functional tetramer. (whiterose.ac.uk)
20222
- 2022 Feb 2;60(2):myac003. (ahmedfahal.net)
- 2022 Feb 4;16(2):e0010159. (ahmedfahal.net)
FDPase3
- Of broader clinical interest, excess hepatic FDPase action contributes to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes . (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] The development of specific FDPase inhibitors has opened a novel avenue for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- When challenged with D-fructose, patients lacking FDPase accumulate intrahepatocellular FDP, which inhibits gluconeogenesis and, if intracellular phosphate stores are depleted, inhibits glycogenolysis. (medscape.com)
Liver2
- Aldolase B is seen in the liver and kidneys. (labpedia.net)
- L-Lysine is imported into liver through low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 (cationic amino acid transporter 2/SLC7A2). (smpdb.ca)
Catalyzes2
- Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the conversion of 13-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. (allanimalsguide.com)
- Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. (allanimalsguide.com)
Metabolic3
- Patients develop severe hypoglycemia with metabolic acidosis upon ingestion of fructose. (medscape.com)
- Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease , 33 (2), 105-112. (brighton.ac.uk)
- Our previous study suggests that three 14-3-3 isoforms (kappa, chi and psi) also play important roles in nitrogen and sulfur metabolic processes by regulating the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and O-acetylserine lyase [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue2
- Aldolase is present in all tissue, like the brain and kidneys, and is prominent in skeletal and heart muscles. (labpedia.net)
- Aldolase A occurs in most of the tissue. (labpedia.net)
Carbon1
- Biogeochemical data indicated that the decomposition of native organic matter occurred in different phases, beginning with mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to CO 2 during the first week of incubation, followed by a pulse of acetogenesis that dominated carbon flux after 2 weeks. (frontiersin.org)
Structures1
- These "PTS2 dimers", which have very similar conformations in the two aldolase structures, are the first reported conformations of a glycosomal or peroxisomal PTS2, and provide opportunities for the design of trypanocidal compounds. (rcsb.org)
Biochemistry1
- in Biochemistry 2. (elsevier.com)
20171
- The multi-ethnic island Mauritius which is around 1.2 million according to World Bank, 2017, has an estimated 257,442 people between the ages of 25 and 79 years living with type 2 diabetes. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Occurs1
- while aldolase C occurs in the central nervous system along with aldolase A which is the isoform most abundantly expressed in the human brain [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoglycemia1
- Focus on symptoms of hypoglycemia induced by foods that contain fructose and by infant formulas. (medscape.com)
Sugars1
- as well as the highest solubilization percentage of minimally pretreated mid-season switchgrass in comparison to other organisms[ 7 ], while fermenting the derived sugars to ethanol and acetate plus hydrogen (H 2 ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Peroxisomal2
- Unlike mammalian aldolases, the T. brucei and L. mexicana aldolases contain nonameric N-terminal type 2 peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS2s) to direct their import into the glycosome. (rcsb.org)
- Peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase 2 converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA into 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Severe3
- Bats are considered the main reservoir of coronaviruses (CoVs), and research evidence suggests the essential role of bats in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
- According to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, more than 1,053,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been confirmed in Lebanon so far. (bvsalud.org)
- At the age of 2 years he was admitted to the hospital for a severe anemia which required blood transfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Clostridium1
- Notre recherche se concentre principalement sur le modèle microbien Clostridium phytofermentans , un mésophile des sols forestiers qui fermente des composants de la biomasse (cellulose, hémicelluloses, les pectines et amidon) en éthanol et hydrogène ( Warnick et al, 2002 Tolonen et al, 2013 ). (cea.fr)
Plant1
- It is known to be involved in regular plant growth and development including seed germination, fruit ripening, flowering, and senescence [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
Initial1
- The microcosms were constructed and incubated under anaerobic conditions in serum bottles with an initial N 2 headspace and were sampled every 5 days for metagenome and metatranscriptome profiles in combination with biogeochemical measurements. (frontiersin.org)
NCBI BLink1
- Other Eukaryotes - 2 (source: NCBI BLink). (ntu.edu.sg)