- Genes
- This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls cholesterol homeostasis by stimulating transcription of sterol-regulated genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (labome.org)
- Taken together, our data reveal a new signaling pathway activated by amino acid starvation leading to ATF2 phosphorylation and subsequently positively affecting the transcription of amino acid-regulated genes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- These two kinases play a major role in the control of protein synthesis ( 71 ), transcription, and mRNA turnover of specific genes ( 24 , 46 , 69 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- At a molecular level, most of the results have been obtained by studying the transcriptional regulation of the activating transcription factor 3 ( ATF3 ), C/EBP homologous protein ( CHOP ), and asparagine synthetase ( ASNS ) genes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- IRF5 seems to work "either by interacting with DNA directly, or by interacting with other proteins that themselves control which genes are switched on. (wikipedia.org)
- A novel member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family, designated TRANCE, was cloned during a search for apoptosis-regulatory genes using a somatic cell genetic approach in T cell hybridomas. (jax.org)
- In type II latency (some Hodgkin lymphomas, NPC, and NK/T cell lymphoma), the genes encoding latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2 are expressed in addition to the EBERs and EBNA1. (frontiersin.org)
- They promote DNA binding and transactivation of p53-family proteins on the promoters of proapoptotic genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Initially described as a transcription factor able to activate expression of the cytokine Interferon beta, IRF-1 was subsequently shown to function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of a variety of target genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Through this binding, it represses HBV core promoter activity, transcription of HBV genes, and production of HBV virions. (wikipedia.org)
- On the one hand, SON protein is required to maintain the genome stability in order to ensure an efficient RNA processing of affected genes. (wikipedia.org)
- MTA2 inhibits the expression of target genes owing to its ability to interact with chromatin remodeling complexes, and modulates pathways involved in cellular functions, including invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and growth of normal and cancer cells Expression of MTA2 is stimulated by Sp1 transcription factor and repressed by Kaiso. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, ICP0 promotes transcription from viral genes, disrupts structures in the nucleus known as nuclear dots or promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and alters the expression of host and viral genes in combination with a neuron specific protein. (wikipedia.org)
- In HSV-1 infected cells, ICP0 activates transcription of many viral and cellular genes. (wikipedia.org)
- After translocating to the nucleus early in infection, ICP0 promotes degradation of many cellular antiviral genes, including those for nuclear body-associated proteins promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and Sp100, causing disruption of PML nuclear bodies and reduced cellular antiviral capacity. (wikipedia.org)
- This interaction is attributed to the partial similarity of ICP0 to the human protein CoREST, also called REST corepressor 1 (RCOR1), which combines with NRSF to repress expression of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Combination of ICP0 with these NRSF-like neuronal factors may silence herpes genes in neurons, blocking the production of other immediate-early genes such as ICP4 and reducing production of ICP22. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, an NRSF-binding region is located between the viral genes expressing proteins ICP4 and ICP22. (wikipedia.org)
- induces apoptosis
- Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Treatment with a disulfide-linked antibody dimer induces apoptosis of CD47-positive primary B-CLL and leukemic cells (MOLT-4 and JOK-1). (wikipedia.org)
- kinase
- NOD2 associates with the caspase activation and recruitment domain of RIP-like interacting caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein kinase (RICK)/RIP2 and activates nuclear factor (NF)-κB in epithelial cells and macrophages, whereas NOD2 mutant 3020insC, which is associated with CD, shows an impaired ability to activate NF-κB. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
- Through its phosphorylation and nuclear localization, this kinase plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways during neuronal apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Beta-arrestin 2, a receptor-regulated MAP kinase scaffold protein, is found to interact with, and stimulate the phosphorylation of this kinase by MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4). (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 can phosphorylate, and inhibit the activity of this kinase, which may be important in preventing neuronal apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- HspB1 is a protein of 205 amino acids (22783 Da), which can be phosphorylated at serines 15, 78 and 82 by mitogen- activated protein kinases associated protein kinases ( MAPKAP kinase 2 , MAPKAP kinase 3 ). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- We identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) module MEKK1/MKK7/JNK2 as the pathway responsible for ATF2 phosphorylation on the threonine 69 (Thr69) and Thr71 residues. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- We show here that stimulation of presynaptic AMPA receptors induces activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase-dependent and Na + /Ca 2+ -independent mechanism. (jneurosci.org)
- MAPKs [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1,are highly conserved enzymes that mediate the actions of cell surface receptors to regulatory targets within the cell ( Chang and Karin, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells. (jax.org)
- Interestingly, the expression of t-Darpp in AGS cells led to ≥2-fold increase in Akt kinase activity with an increase in protein levels of p-Ser 473 Akt and p-Ser 9 GSK3β. (aacrjournals.org)
- NFATC2 has been shown to interact with MEF2D, EP300, IRF4 and Protein kinase Mζ. (wikipedia.org)
- host cell apoptosis
- Finally, the elimination or exit of the symbiont from host tissues is described through a variety of mechanisms including exocytosis, host cell detachment and host cell apoptosis. (biologists.org)
- This function of ICP0 also prevents production of RNase L, an enzyme that degrades single-stranded viral and cellular RNAs and induces host cell apoptosis in virus infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
- induce
- Excessive ROS, however, can exert cytotoxic effects, cause oxidative damage to proteins, and DNA, can interfere with cell growth and cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts. (frontiersin.org)
- A conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) with a 24 base pair deletion in the retinoblastoma-binding domain of the E1A protein (Ad5- Δ24E3), is unable to silence retinoblastoma, and therefore unable to induce S-phase in host cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 or B7.1 transmits an inhibitory signal that reduces the proliferation of these T cells and can also induce apoptosis, which is further mediated by a lower regulation of the gene Bcl-2. (wikipedia.org)
- In this way, interferon-gamma can induce PD-L1 protein expression by inhibiting gene-mediated suppression of mRNA translation. (wikipedia.org)
- ICP0 also inhibits the activity of IFN regulatory factors (IRF3) and IRF7, which are key transcription factors that induce production of antiviral cytokines called interferons. (wikipedia.org)
- interacts
- Caspase-3 is a caspase protein that interacts with caspase-8 and caspase-9. (wikipedia.org)
- Nevertheless, this process is still a little uncertain and this is why in a future it will be interesting to understand how exactly this protein interacts with the spliceosomal complex, its exact molecular function in the context of splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on myeloid cells. (wikipedia.org)
- amino acids
- In such a situation, it has been shown that amino acids by themselves are involved in a variety of regulatory processes ( 26 , 47 , 67 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The TRANCE gene encodes a type II membrane protein of 316 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kDa. (jax.org)
- The F-box domain is a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions. (mdpi.com)
- The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDA. (wikipedia.org)
- The gene encoding the catalytic subunit encodes a protein of 367 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 72.773 kDa and maps to chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
- The 8.6-kb long human MTA2 gene contains 20 exons and seven transcripts inclusive of three protein-coding transcripts but predicted to code for two polypeptides of 688 amino acids and 495 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
- The murine Mta2 consists of a 3.1-kb protein-coding transcript to code a protein of 668 amino acids, and five non-coding RNAs transcripts, ranging from 620-bp to 839-bp. (wikipedia.org)
- intracellular
- Potential factors for MDR includes enhanced drug detoxification, decreased drug uptake, increased intracellular nucleophiles levels, enhanced repair of drug induced DNA damage, overexpression of drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein(P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1, MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). (frontiersin.org)
- The intracellular 52-kd RoSSA autoantigen in keratinocytes is up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor ╨Ю┬▒ via tumor necrosis factor receptor I. (docme.ru)
- The present study aimed to characterize the effect of TNF␣ on messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the intracellular 52-kd Ro/SSA autoantigen in primary human keratinocytes and to elucidate the TNF␣ receptor (TNFR) signaling pathways mediating this effect. (docme.ru)
- Expression of 52-kd Ro/SSA protein was studied by flow cytometry after staining intracellular protein with IgG purified from an anti-52-kd Ro/SSA-positive serum. (docme.ru)
- TNF␣-induced up-regulation of 52-kd Ro/SSA mRNA expression peaked at 4 hours, followed by up-regulation of intracellular 52-kd Ro/SSA protein expression at 24 hours, independently of apoptosis. (docme.ru)
- NOR1 is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- In a mouse model of intracellular infection, L. monocytogenes induced PD-L1 protein expression in T cells, NK cells, and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
- binds
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) and CD120a, is a ubiquitous membrane receptor that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. (wikipedia.org)
- In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome. (wikipedia.org)
- The SP1 transcription factor contains a zinc finger protein motif, by which it binds directly to DNA and enhances gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
- Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level. (wikipedia.org)
- The IRF-1 protein binds to the ISRE via an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain, which is highly conserved among all IRF proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by SON gene binds to a specific DNA sequence upstream of the upstream regulatory sequence of the core promoter and second enhancer of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). (wikipedia.org)
- CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). (wikipedia.org)
- differentiation
- MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. (wikipedia.org)
- IRF5 is a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. (wikipedia.org)
- NOR1 plays a central regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 has been shown to interact with SIX3. (wikipedia.org)
- It has been found that these proteins may regulate the hematopoietic cells differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- phosphorylation
- Various signals modulate HspB1 phosphorylation: growth factors, tumor necrosis factor , differentiating agents, heat and oxidative stress (Arrigo et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- This event requires phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a constitutive AARE-bound factor. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Then, we progressed backwards up the signal transduction pathway and showed that the GTPase Rac1/Cdc42 and the protein Gα12 control the MAPK module, ATF2 phosphorylation, and AARE-dependent transcription. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Their activation by phosphorylation is achieved by a signaling cascade of three serially linked protein kinases. (jneurosci.org)
- The convergence of Cdk5 phosphorylation-dependent caspase-mediated degradation of nuclear survival factors exemplified by MEF2 may represent a general process applicable to the regulation of other survival factors under diverse neurotoxic conditions. (jneurosci.org)
- These findings demonstrate Cdk5 phosphorylation-dependent destabilization of specific MEF2 isoforms as an important regulatory mechanism in mediating neurotoxin-induced death. (jneurosci.org)
- The t-Darpp expression led to an increase in expression and phosphorylation of CREB and ATF-1 transcription factors that were required for up-regulating Bcl2 levels. (aacrjournals.org)
- Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. (wikipedia.org)
- PD-1 signaling attenuates PKC-θ activation loop phosphorylation (resulting from TCR signaling), necessary for the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, and for production of IL-2. (wikipedia.org)
- Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or sumoylation, were presumed to account for the actual protein size appearing 30 kDa larger than that of the predicted amino acid sequence. (wikipedia.org)
- member of the interferon
- Interferon regulatory factor 1 was the first member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family identified. (wikipedia.org)
- neuronal
- This protein is a neuronal-specific form of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). (wikipedia.org)
- erk1,2 are highly abundant in the CNS, where they regulate a variety of neuronal processes such as response to growth factors, growth cone dynamics, long-term potentiation, and apoptosis. (jneurosci.org)
- The transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) plays a critical role in neuronal survival. (jneurosci.org)
- This pathway underlies neurotoxin-induced neuronal apoptosis. (jneurosci.org)
- We report here a process by which Cdk5 and caspase regulate MEF2 in a concerted manner to execute neuronal apoptosis. (jneurosci.org)
- They reveal a novel cross talk between Cdk5 and caspase in regulating neuronal survival and apoptosis, which may represent a general mechanism applicable to other key regulatory factors. (jneurosci.org)
- It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- 2001
- Activated MAPKs may either phosphorylate cytosolic proteins or translocate to the nucleus, where they regulate transcription factors (for review, see Chang and Karin, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- molecular
- sHsps bind denatured proteins and facilitate their refolding by the ATP-dependent molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family (Haslbeck et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- In recent years this has focus on molecular evolution of protein families. (wikipedia.org)
- A recent study suggested that SON may be a novel therapeutic molecular target for pancreatic cancer as the results of a recent study show that this protein is very important as far as proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity of cancer cells are concerned. (wikipedia.org)
- Induction
- Induction of S phase by G1 regulatory factors. (biomedsearch.com)
- most of which involve the induction of cytoprotective enzymes that scavenge ROS ( Mates and Sanchez-Jimenez, 1999 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Using 20 μmol/L ceramide treatment as a model for induction of apoptosis in AGS cancer cells, we found that expression of t-Darpp led to an increase in Bcl2 protein levels and blocked the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. (aacrjournals.org)
- ASPP proteins are required for the induction of apoptosis by p53-family proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Apoptosis induction appears to be regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- encodes
- Zebrafish homozygous for the lockjaw ( low ) mutation show defects in all of these derivatives and we show that low (allelic with montblanc ) encodes a zebrafish tfap2a , one of a small family of transcription factors implicated in epidermal and neural crest development. (biologists.org)
- Cross-hybridization of the mouse cDNA to a human thymus library yielded the human homolog, which encodes a protein 83% identical to the mouse ectodomain. (jax.org)
- This gene encodes a member of the ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) family of p53 interacting proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- MTA2 is acetylated at lysine 152 within the BAH domain This gene encodes a protein that has been identified as a component of NuRD, a nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex identified in the nucleus of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
- inhibits
- Legionella pneumophila inhibits macrophage apoptosis by targeting pro-death members of the Bcl2 protein family. (indiana.edu)
- Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- pathways
- Professor Utz is an expert in the study of human and murine autoantibodies and autoantigens, apoptosis signaling pathways, animal models of autoimmunity, proteomics and multiplexed assay development for biomarker discovery. (stanford.edu)
- cDNA
- MTA2 was initially recognized as an MTA1 like 1 gene, named MTA1-L1, from a large scale sequencing of randomly selected clones from human cDNA libraries in 1999. (wikipedia.org)
- Bcl2
- Antiapoptotic protein BCL2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4/SODD) and adaptor proteins TRADD and TRAF2 have been shown to interact with this receptor, and thus play regulatory roles in the signal transduction mediated by the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- We also showed transcriptional up-regulation of Bcl2 using the luciferase assay with Bcl2 reporter containing P1 full promoter, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and t-Darpp small interfering RNA. (aacrjournals.org)
- The Bcl2 promoter contains binding sites for cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein CREB/ATF1 transcription factors and using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay with a CREB response element, we detected a stronger binding in t-Darpp-expressing cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- Indeed, knockdown of Akt, CREB, or ATF1 in t-Darpp-expressing cells reduced Bcl2 protein levels. (aacrjournals.org)
- tumor necros
- TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family" by B R. Wong, J Rho et al. (jax.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1B. (wikipedia.org)
- This protein is one of the major receptors for the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (wikipedia.org)
- Germline mutations of the extracellular domains of this receptor were found to be associated with the human genetic disorder called tumor necrosis factor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) or periodic fever syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- UVB exposure triggers the release of tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) from keratinocytes in the epidermis and from mast cells in the dermis. (docme.ru)
- autoantigens
- In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). (wikipedia.org)
- In normal physiology, lymphocytes that recognise human proteins (autoantigens) either undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) or become non-functional. (wikipedia.org)
- constitutive
- Between different donors, a high variability of both constitutive expression levels and TNF␣ -induced changes in 52-kd Ro/SSA mRNA and protein expression was observed. (docme.ru)
- It also facilitates the interaction of SR proteins with RNA polymerase II and is required for processing of weak constitutive splice sites, having also strong implications in cancer and other human diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- interferon regula
- Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Interferon regulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The PD-L1 gene promoter region has a response element to IRF-1, the interferon regulatory factor. (wikipedia.org)
- membrane protein
- HspB1 was also detected as a surface membrane protein in some cancer cell types (Shin et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- Comparison of the major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) gene of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) and hamster SFPD strains of Chlamydia trachomatis with other Chlamydia strains. (wikipedia.org)
- Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a major oncogene encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is essential for immortalization of B cells by the virus. (frontiersin.org)
- endogenous
- Insults resulting from exposure to a variety of neurotoxins, both exogenous and endogenous, constitute the main triggering event of pathological apoptosis in the adult nervous system ( Yuan and Yankner, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
- HSV-1 ICP0 and several of its homologs in other herpes viruses bind to SUMO-1 in a manner similar to endogenous proteins, causing depletion of SUMO-1, and disruption of nuclear bodies. (wikipedia.org)
- antibody
- These molecules are fusion proteins that are made up of an antibody raised against the knob domain of the adenovirus coat protein, fused to a natural ligand for a cell-surface receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikipedia.org)
- mediates
- The F-box protein is one of the four components of the SCF (SKp1, Cullin, F-box protein) complex, which mediates ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the proteasome, playing an essential role in many cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
- Kinases
- They involve protein kinases mTORC1, activated by amino acid supplementation, and GCN2, activated by amino acid starvation. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- promoters
- Two promoters regulate LMP1 gene transcription. (frontiersin.org)
- vitro
- These molecules are sufficient to activate caspase-3 in vitro, but other regulatory proteins are necessary in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
- CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells have been called "naturally occurring" regulatory T cells to distinguish them from "suppressor" T cell populations that are generated in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
- transcript
- The binding site of DNA on quorum-sensing transcript factor TraR does not overlap with that of the Anti-Activator. (indiana.edu)
- Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode the same protein. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell
- Among them, D-type G1 cyclins and a Cdk inhibitor, p27Kip1, function as the target of growth factors to integrate extracellular signals into cell cycle regulators. (biomedsearch.com)
- The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. (labome.org)
- Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- For adenovirus replication to occur, the host cell must be induced into S phase by viral proteins interfering with cell cycle proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- This protein is present in the cytosol and only translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, where it becomes a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells transcription complex. (wikipedia.org)
- NFAT transcription factors are implicated in breast cancer, more specifically in the process of cell motility at the basis of metastasis formation. (wikipedia.org)
- Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
- SON is the name that has been given to a large Ser/Arg (SR)-related protein, which is a splicing co-factor that contributes to an efficient splicing within cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
- page needed] Although there is a lack of knowledge about its exact splicing control in the progression of the cell cycle and it has remained largely unexplored, it's certain that this splicing-associated protein is necessary for the maintenance of the embryonic stem cells because it influences the splicing of pluripotency regulators. (wikipedia.org)
- Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- CD47 ligation leads to cell death in many normal and tumor cell lines via apoptosis or autophagy. (wikipedia.org)
- Human Herpes Virus (HHV) Infected Cell Polypeptide 0 (ICP0) is a protein, encoded by the DNA of herpes viruses. (wikipedia.org)
- During these early stages of infection, ICP0 protein is synthesized and transported to the nucleus of the infected host cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Another regulatory T cell subset is Treg17 cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Additional regulatory T cell populations include Tr1, Th3, CD8+CD28-, and Qa-1 restricted T cells. (wikipedia.org)
- If a T cell receives an intermediate signal, then it will become a regulatory cell. (wikipedia.org)
- regulates
- It has been shown that the extreme C-terminus of IRF-1 regulates its ability to activate transcription, nanobodies targeting this domain (MF1) are able to increase IRF-1 activity. (wikipedia.org)
- But as we could read in the article called "SON protein regulates GATA-2 through transcriptional control of the microRNA 23a-27-24-a clúster", SON protein has even more functions in the organism. (wikipedia.org)
- Similar to the founding family member MTA1, MTA2 functions as a chromatin remodeling factor and regulates gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- family
- HspB1 belongs to the ubiquitous family of small heat shock proteins (sHsps). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
- LFG: a candidate apoptosis regulatory gene family" Apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- The Origin and Evolution of the Ribosome" Biology Direct 3: 16, 1-13 (2008) Smith, Temple F. "Chapter 2: Diversity of WD-Repeat Proteins" The Coronin Family of Proteins, 20-30 (2008) Bhutkar, Arjun V., Gelbart, William M. and Smith, Temple F. (2007). (wikipedia.org)
- 2003). Functional conservation between members of an ancient duplicated transcription factor family, LSF/Grainyhead. (wikipedia.org)
- F-box proteins (FBPs) are a large and diverse family of proteins present in all eukaryotes that are characterized by presence of the F-box domain [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
- SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- The CASP3 protein is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein shows sequence similarities with other DNA-binding structural proteins such as gallin, oncoproteins of the MYC family, and the oncoprotein MOS. (wikipedia.org)
- It may represent one member of a small gene family that encode different but related proteins involved either directly or indirectly in transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- nucleus
- SON protein is essential for maintaining the subnuclear organization of the factors that are processed in the nucleus highlighting its direct role in pre-mRNA splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- MTA2 protein localizes in the nucleus and is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and the deacetylation complex (NuRD). (wikipedia.org)
- interaction
- Such an intimate cellular relationship involves regulatory crosstalk between partners that allows the interaction to persist. (biologists.org)
- At the DP (double-positive) stage, they are selected by their interaction with the cells within the thymus, begin the transcription of Foxp3, and become Treg cells, although they may not begin to express Foxp3 until the single-positive stage, at which point they are functional Tregs. (wikipedia.org)
- regulation
- To maintain the pluripotency of the embryonic stem cells, transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers play an important role despite the fact that little is known about the regulation of pluripotency throughout the process of splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- shown to interact
- SREBF2 has been shown to interact with INSIG1 and CREB-binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
- antibodies
- The up-regulatory effect of TNF␣ on 52-kd Ro/SSA mRNA and protein expression was inhibited by anti-TNFRI antibodies but enhanced by antiTNFRII antibodies. (docme.ru)
- These cells coordinate an immune response upon the detection of foreign proteins (antigens), producing antibodies that bind to these antigens. (wikipedia.org)
- The ENAs consist of ribonucleoproteins and non-histone proteins, named by either the name of the donor who provided the prototype serum (Sm, Ro, La, Jo), or the name of the disease setting in which the antibodies were found (SS-A, SS-B, Scl-70). (wikipedia.org)
- However, apoptosis was not observed following culture with other anti-CD47 antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- cytochrome
- The MitoCapture mitochondrial apoptosis and cytochrome c release assays indicated that t-Darpp expression enforces the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and protects against ceramide-induced apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
- In intrinsic activation, cytochrome c from the mitochondria works in combination with caspase-9, apoptosis-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), and ATP to process procaspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
- viral
- Adapter molecules Bi-specific adapter molecules can be administered along with the virus to redirect viral coat protein tropism. (wikipedia.org)
- Coat-protein modification This method involves genetically modifying the fiber knob domain of the viral coat protein to alter its specificity. (wikipedia.org)
- Short peptides added to the C-terminal end of the coat protein successfully altered viral tropism. (wikipedia.org)
- It acts synergistically with HSV-1 immediate early (IE) protein, ICP4, and is essential for reactivation of latent herpes virus and viral replication. (wikipedia.org)
- mediate
- This receptor can activate the transcription factor NF-κB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- immune system
- This is because the protein IAP produced by CD-47 acts as a don't eat me signal to the immune system and drives organ fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- The regulatory T cells (Tregs /ˈtiːrɛɡ/), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
- T regulatory cells are a component of the immune system that suppress immune responses of other cells. (wikipedia.org)
- translocation
- Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. (labome.org)
- The translocation breakpoint led to the loss of the controlling elements of the NFATc2 protein and the fusion of the N terminal region of the EWSR1 gene conferred constant activation of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
- promoter
- Previous studies have shown that amino acid depletion induces transcription of the ATF3 (activation transcription factor 3) gene through an amino acid response element (AARE) located in its promoter. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Here, we introduced short mutations into the proximal LMP1 promoter that includes recognition sites for the E-box and Ikaros transcription factors in the context of EBV-bacterial artificial chromosome. (frontiersin.org)
- gene transcription
- This complex plays a central role in inducing gene transcription during the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
- inhibit
- Withaferin A, a sterodial lactone from Withania Somnifera plant is known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
- signaling molecules
- In addition to signaling molecules, a growing list of transcription factors appear to function in the early premigratory crest. (biologists.org)
- mRNA
- It may also be involved in protecting cells from apoptosis and in pre-mRNA splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- Not only the SON protein interferes in the splicing but also makes complex mechanisms such as the RNA post-transcriptional to cooperate with the splicing-mRNA processing. (wikipedia.org)
- Resting human cholangiocytes express PD-L1 mRNA, but not the protein, due to translational suppression by microRNA miR-513. (wikipedia.org)
- mechanism
- One protective mechanism involves nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulatory transcription factor for the synthesis of cytoprotective enzymes. (frontiersin.org)
- These findings define an important regulatory mechanism that for the first time links prodeath activities of Cdk5 and caspase. (jneurosci.org)
- basic helix
- The encoded protein contains a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) domain. (wikipedia.org)
- Nuclear Facto
- While earning his M.D. degree in 1991 from Stanford, Dr. Utz co-discovered the transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) with J.P. Shaw in Dr. Gerald Crabtree's laboratory. (stanford.edu)
- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
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