SemaphorinReceptors2002NeuronsVEGFAxonProtein2023EncodesExpressionReceptorTumorSynapticRolesSympatheticTargetsPathwaysSystemicProteinsImmuneInteractionsEvidenceTissuesInfectsHypoxiaMorphologyMetastaticPhosphorylationViralNervousHippocampalExtracellularPhysiologicalCancer10.1016NeuronalInfectionCrucialAbnormalitiesBarrierTumorsCells
Semaphorin2
- Recent studies have demonstrated that in addition to the PNS, endothelial cells in the CNS produce semaphorin 3G, which directly acts on neuropilin-2/PlexinA4 in neurons to regulate synaptic structure and plasticity [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Palmitoylation regulates neuropilin-2 localization and function in cortical neurons and conveys specificity to semaphorin signaling via palmitoyl acyltransferases. (harvard.edu)
Receptors5
- Evidence suggests that neuropilins (NRPs), the VEGF receptors, are involved in tumourigenesis [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- NRPs participate in the development of the nervous system by functioning as receptors for axon guidance factors [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Semaphorins, a family of about 20 secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked glycoproteins, and their cognate receptors (plexins and neuropilins) play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
- Semaphorins were originally identified in the nervous system for their ability to regulate axon guidance through the interaction with their receptors, plexins and neuropilins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Gürsoy, R. N., Siahann, T. J.: Binding and internalization of ICAM - 1 peptide by the surface receptors of T cells, J Pep Res, 53, 414 (1999). (dergipark.org.tr)
20021
- He was the recipient of a European Biotechnology Fellowship and went on to postgraduate work at the Department of Biochemistry at Imperial College (1997-1999) and at Cancer Research UK (2000-2002) in London, UK. (aidrc.org.au)
Neurons2
- A dominant-negative form of ErbB-2 blocks Sema4D-induced RhoA activation as well as axonal growth cone collapse in primary hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
- Lentivirus (LV)-NRP-1 was transfected into rat primary cortical neuronal cultures before a 2-h oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury to neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
VEGF2
- VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) is widely overexpressed in tissues and is associated with metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Neuropilin 1 (NP1) is a part of essential receptor complexes mediating both semaphorin3A (SEMA3A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is one of important mediators involved in the pathogenesis. (koreamed.org)
Axon1
- SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Striatal axon pathways mediate complex physiological functions and are an important therapeutic target, underscoring the need to define how these connections are established. (jneurosci.org)
Protein7
- Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRP2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- p53 likely also plays a role given that p53 mutations are commonly found in advanced PC, and loss of wild-type protein function contributes to the phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (oncotarget.com)
- A recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus expressing mature viral protein 2 (VP2) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was constructed to develop MVA-based vaccines for poultry. (koreamed.org)
- PTEN also dephosphorylates Src homology 2-containing protein (Shc) directly, and inhibits the activation of Shc/Raf/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling cascade. (biomedcentral.com)
- Metformin Enhances the Effect of Regorafenib and Inhibits Recurrence and Metastasis of Hepatic Carcinoma After Liver Resection via Regulating Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factors 2α (HIF-2α) and 30 kDa HIV Tat-Interacting Protein (TIP30). (cancerindex.org)
- The antigen that these vaccines are based on, SARS-CoV- 2 Spike, is a toxic protein. (nukepro.net)
- Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) was the dominant alternatively spliced isoform in MDS and AML and is characterized by a longer isoform that retains exon 4, which encodes IRAK4-long (IRAK4-L), a protein that assembles with the myddosome, results in maximal activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) and is essential for leukaemic cell function. (cancer-genetics.org)
20232
- 2023 Aug 14:S1534-5807(23)00367-2. (harvard.edu)
- 2023 Aug 9:S0092-8674(23)00801-2. (harvard.edu)
Encodes2
- This gene encodes a member of the neuropilin family of receptor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes several proteins that inhibit host interferon responses. (bvsalud.org)
Expression9
- 2001) [ 8 ] showed convincingly that a reduction in p53 expression or function in LNCaP confers the ability to form tumors in castrated male nude mice (parental LNCaP cells do not have this ability). (oncotarget.com)
- The expression and function of NRP-1 and its specific protective mechanism were investigated by Western Blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
- The expression of AAV-NRP-1 markedly ameliorated the cerebral I/R-induced damage to the motor function and restored the mitochondrial morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies have shown that a high expression of neuropilins (NRPs) promotes tumourigenesis and tumour malignancy. (hindawi.com)
- However, the expression and function of NRPs in different cancers are not fully known. (hindawi.com)
- To search for mechanisms for the development of hypoxia, the morphology and function of the tumor vascular networks were studied with intravital microscopy and immunohistochemistry, and the expression of several angiogenesis-related genes was measured with quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
- A cell culture model for investigation of synapse influence-ability: epigenetics, expression and function of gene targets important for synapse formation and preservation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells differentiated by retinoic acid. (mhh.de)
- Differential expression patterns of phospholipase D isoforms 1 and 2 in the mammalian brain and retina. (neurotree.org)
- The dorsal hippocampus, which connects and shares similar gene expression with the neocortex ( Fanselow and Dong, 2010 ), serves the 'cold' cognitive function associated with declarative memory and spatial navigation. (elifesciences.org)
Receptor2
- Here, we show that plexin-B family members stably associate with the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
- Our data indicate that ErbB-2 is an important component of the plexin-B receptor system and that ErbB-2-mediated phosphorylation of plexin-B1 is critically involved in Sema4D-induced RhoA activation, which underlies cellular phenomena downstream of plexin-B1, including axonal growth cone collapse. (rupress.org)
Tumor2
- Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. (cancerindex.org)
- Tumor hypoxia is a consequence of inadequate oxygen supply caused by extensive abnormalities in the vascular network [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Synaptic2
- Rescue of synaptic and cognitive functions in polysialic acid-deficient mice and dementia models by short polysialic acid fragments. (mhh.de)
- Btbd11 supports cell-type-specific synaptic function. (neurotree.org)
Roles1
- In the present study, we explored the oncogenic roles of miR-183 in ESCC by gain and loss of function analysis in an esophageal cancer cell line (EC9706). (molcells.org)
Sympathetic2
- They concluded that '….relations of the sympathetic nerve … to the course of inflammation, … are due to some nervous functions of the sympathetic nerve other than… vasoconstriction and vasodilatation' [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Already in 1936, Reilly speculated that endotoxin concentrates in sympathetic tissue and irritates sympathetic nerve fibers, which results in a systemic reaction that resembles symptoms of typhoid fever [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Targets1
- The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Pathways1
- We are investigating the effects and the molecular mechanisms of several cardiovascular risk factors, including HIV protease inhibitors, the adipokine resistin, soluble CD40L, and uric acid, on biochemical pathways associated with endothelial cell functions. (bcm.edu)
Systemic2
- While the systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection likely contributes to this increased cardiovascular risk, whether SARS-CoV-2 directly infects the coronary vasculature and attendant atherosclerotic plaques to locally promote inflammation remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)
- We propose here that SARS-CoV-2 invasion via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves generates a local neuro-inflammatory process aggravated by systemic inflammatory responses and micro-circulatory ischemic process. (scientificarchives.com)
Proteins1
- HLA-G differs from the other MHC class I genes by its low polymorphism and alternative splicing that generates seven HLA-G proteins, whose tissue-distribution is restricted to normal fetal and adult tissues that display a tolerogeneic function toward both innate and acquired immune cells. (biovendor.com)
Immune6
- In the mucosa, the immune system's T cells and B cells have position-specific phenotypes and functions that are influenced by the microbiota. (nature.com)
- These cells play pivotal parts in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing responses to harmless antigens and by enforcing the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa. (nature.com)
- Interestingly, the ORF6:D61L mutation that emerged in the Omicron BA.2 and BA.4 variants exhibits reduced interactions with Nup98-Rae1 and consequently impairs immune evasion. (bvsalud.org)
- Our findings highlight the role of ORF6 in antagonizing innate immunity and emphasize the importance of studying the immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of human atherosclerotic vascular explants recapitulates the immune response seen in cultured macrophages, including pro-atherogenic cytokine secretion. (bvsalud.org)
- The brainstem controls arousal via the activating reticular ascending system (ARAS) and vital functions and immune responses integrity via autonomic centers. (scientificarchives.com)
Interactions1
- In the developing lung, the specific temporal-spatial interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells are carefully orchestrated to permit the gradual establishment of an effective blood-gas barrier (BGB) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence1
- There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. (nature.com)
Tissues1
- These organs and tissues were fixed en block in 10% formalin and cut coronally into four to six slices of 3-mm thickness, depending on the age of the rat, and embedded together in one block for each rat. (shengsci.com)
Infects2
- Collectively, our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 infects macrophages in coronary atherosclerotic lesions, resulting in plaque inflammation that may promote acute CV complications and long-term risk for CV events. (bvsalud.org)
- SARS-CoV-2 infects the lining of human blood vessels, causing them to leak into the lungs. (nukepro.net)
Hypoxia1
- Two of the four investigated melanoma models developed hypoxic regions in microscopic tumors, and the development of hypoxia was associated with poor vascular pericyte coverage and inadequate vascular function. (biomedcentral.com)
Morphology1
- Available literature documents that ischemic stroke can disrupt the morphology and function of mitochondria and that the latter in other disease models can be preserved by neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) via oxidative stress suppression. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastatic3
- However, most patients with metastatic carcinomas progress to a state of disease insensitive to androgen ablation, called castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
- Metastatic disease is highly lethal, and less than 20% of the affected patients survive over a 5 year interval [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Metastatic progression of EOC is very unique, as metastases that cause death spread locoregionally, in the peritoneal cavity [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation2
- Binding of Sema4D to plexin-B1 stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of ErbB-2, resulting in the phosphorylation of both plexin-B1 and ErbB-2. (rupress.org)
- Regulation of CXCR4 function occurs through phosphorylation at multiple sites in the C-terminal region. (ecmbio.com)
Viral2
- Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (vRNA) is detectable and replicates in coronary atherosclerotic lesions taken at autopsy from patients with severe COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
- Furthermore, although viral replication is abortive, SARS-CoV-2 induces a robust inflammatory response that includes interleukins IL-6 and IL-1ß, key cytokines known to trigger ischemic cardiovascular events. (bvsalud.org)
Nervous2
- however, less is known about the vascular signals that orchestrate the development of circuit connectivity in the central nervous system (CNS) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Poivet E, Daniel M, Bozza FA, Sharshar T, Lledo P-M. Neurological Manifestations Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Invasion of the Autonomous Nervous System. (scientificarchives.com)
Hippocampal1
- However, the mechanisms of how morphogenesis and functions along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis are differentiated and integrated are still largely unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Extracellular1
- Upon download climate change forests and redd lessons for institutional design 2012 of production tryptamine A( PKA) millions in the member of Gallery, the referred PKA Indian zygotes function N-terminal conversion and target monomers of general extracellular causes. (evakoch.com)
Physiological1
- Various kinds of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) have been known to be involved in structural and space-filling functions, as well as many physiological regulations in skin. (koreamed.org)
Cancer2
- We have previously demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) on breast cancer cells function as P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
- We have several projects focusing on the role and on the mechanisms of several genes, such as microRNA 196a (miR-196a), X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), and Jude-2 in pancreatic cancer. (bcm.edu)
10.10161
- doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80371-2. (wikipedia.org)
Neuronal1
- Here, we show that conditioned medium from brain VSMC cultures enhances multiple neuronal functions, such as neuritogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival, thereby improving circuit connectivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection4
- We assessed the role of ORF6 during infection using recombinant viruses carrying a deletion or loss-of-function (LoF) mutation in ORF6. (bvsalud.org)
- COVID-19 patients present higher risk for myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndrome, and stroke for up to 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (bvsalud.org)
- In vitro infection of human primary macrophages highlights that SARS-CoV-2 entry is increased in cholesterol-loaded macrophages (foam cells) and is dependent, in part, on neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). (bvsalud.org)
- Although pneumonia and acute respiratory failure are the most frequent and severe complications of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, many of them also develop neurological signs and symptoms. (scientificarchives.com)
Crucial1
- The hippocampus executes crucial functions from declarative memory to adaptive behaviors associated with cognition and emotion. (elifesciences.org)
Abnormalities1
- These morphological abnormalities collectively increase the geometric resistance to blood flow and impair vascular function [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Barrier1
- These cells, among other functions, provide a protective barrier against invading pathogens and secrete surfactant molecules to provide a non-adhesive surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors2
- R-18 and U-25 tumors developed hypoxic regions before they reached a size of 2-3 mm in diameter, whereas A-07 and D-12 tumors of similar size did not show hypoxic regions. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most tumors are heterogeneous in oxygen tension and develop regions with hypoxic cells during growth [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
- Figure 2: Microbiota-mediated induction of T H 17 cells and autoimmunity. (nature.com)