1999 cytokine receptor 1997 receptors interleukin 1 type i. Medical search. Frequent questions

Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)
These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
Tissue explants were treated with proinflammatory cytokines relevant to RA pathogenesis (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon γ, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23). (bmj.com)
An excessive extracellular presence of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL6), in particular, has been identified and intra-articular as well as systemic levels of these cytokines may to some extent reflect disease activity. (bmj.com)

3 In CML, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, 5 4 IL-1β, 6 and TNF-α, 4 have been shown to be up-regulated in patient serum. (haematologica.org)
The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
Pancreatic acinar cell injury triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (32, 36, 39, 41, 82). (pancreapedia.org)
OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
A significant number of illnesses of individuals with alcoholic liver diseases can be explained readily by a high level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines[ 1 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Were observed significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis, demonstrating that glycemic control may be associated to the immune inflammatory response of sites with chronic periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
However, there is little good in vivo data as to the effect of prednisolone treatment on the pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with ENL reactions. (bvsalud.org)
We investigated the effect of prednisolone treatment on the inflammatory cytokines TNF, IFN-Î³, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-17 and the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß in the skin lesion and blood of patients with ENL and compared with non-reactional LL patient controls. (bvsalud.org)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates pleiotropic roles in immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis. (sbhsciences.com)
Cytokines are known to regulate the migration of neutrophils and macrophages during inflammation. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) seems to regulate both plasmacytoma development in BALB/c mice and oil granuloma formation in C57BL/6 mice during pristane-induced inflammation [ 10 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Role of Cytokines and Inflammation in the Genesis of Experimental Pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
1 In RA, numerous cytokines play a fundamental role in inflammation and joint destruction and are thought to originate primarily from synoviocytes and leucocytes that massively infiltrate synovial tissue. (bmj.com)
It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
RESULTS A wide variation between subjects was recorded for both quantities and profiles of expressed cytokines, despite similar macroscopic and histopathological features of inflammation. (bmj.com)
Cytokines, locally produced in the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), play an important part in regulating the chronic joint inflammation which may lead to serious tissue damage, such as cartilage degradation, bone resorption, and fibrosis. (bmj.com)
NF-κB ( Nuclear Factor kappa B ) is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors involved in biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, proliferation and apoptosis [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin production type 1 or type 2, that is preceded by systemic inflammation, leading to reduced pancreatic β-cell function, apoptosis and insulin resistence 3 , the latter being more prevalent in adults. (bvsalud.org)

While trials of IL-1 receptor antagonist in RA have been encouraging, it clearly is more difficult to target two molecules (IL-1 α and β) than one (TNF-α). (biomedcentral.com)
This effect was blocked by coinjection of 1 μg (hr)IL-1β receptor antagonist or 0.1 ng of 3-((+)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate, selective antagonists of IL-1β and NMDA receptors, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
Upon activation, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)/IL-1β ratio was higher in AAT than in SM cultures. (bmj.com)

Conclusion Rheumatoid AAT is highly reactive tissue which upon stimulation secretes considerable amounts of proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1Ra) cytokines and classical adipokines. (bmj.com)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)

Furthermore, all assays designed to quantify extracellular levels of cytokines will measure the net outcome of secretion, absorption to numerous cellular and soluble cytokine receptors, and degradation by proteases present at inflammatory sites. (bmj.com)

As the two major cell types in the spleen, B cells and T cells produce cytokines and chemokines [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
This review aims to describe the roles of key cytokines and chemokines in commonly used experimental models of pancreatitis and how the cytokine profile is affected by the choice of a specific model. (pancreapedia.org)
Another mechanism whereby injured pancreatic acinar cells trigger the inflammatory response is through synthesis and release of cytokines (36) and chemokines (11), and upregulation of adhesion molecules such as the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (136), which together promote neutrophil and monocyte infiltration (27, 71) and exacerbate tissue injury (10, 27, 37). (pancreapedia.org)
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are positively charged polypeptides with highly conserved cysteine (C) residues within the N-terminal sequence, classifying them as 'C', 'CC', 'CXC' or 'CX3C' types (102, 143). (pancreapedia.org)
In the context of AP, the most extensively investigated chemokines are CC-ligand 2 (CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or MCP-1), CXC-ligand 1 (CXCL1, also known as cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant or CINC in rat and keratinocyte cytokine or KC in mouse), and CXC-ligand 2 (CXCL2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha or MIP2a). (pancreapedia.org)
Recently, adipose tissue has been shown to synthesise and release highly bioactive substances: classical adipokines (eg, leptin, adiponectin) and various proinflammatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and complement components. (bmj.com)

Objectives (1) To compare spontaneous and stimuli-induced adipocytokine secretion by articular adipose tissue (AAT) and synovial membrane (SM) explants obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
Periodontal disease is considered a chronic infectious inflammatory disease characterized by intense leukocyte infiltration in the periodontal tissue resulting in secretion of various cytokines that lead to deleterious inflammatory processes and destruction of the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone 1 . (bvsalud.org)

OBJECTIVES Assessment of the numbers and spatial distribution of cells producing interleukin 1α (IL1α), interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)

Following the cloning of CB1 and CB2 receptors, two endocannabinoid ligands were identified and characterized: arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) (Devane et al. (420magazine.com)
The cytokines of a possible significance in that range include interleukin 17 family (IL-17) containing the group of IL-17A-F ligands and IL-17RA-E receptors. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Secreted autoantibodies specific to receptors or receptor ligands can activate or inhibit receptor functions. (hindawi.com)

However, limitations apart, it is of interest that in these huTNF transgenic mice, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the murine type I IL-1 receptor completely prevented the development of arthritis, suggesting that IL-1 acts downstream of TNF in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The high prevalence of recurrent malaria, tuberculosis, chronic helminth infections, and water-borne pathogens in developing countries may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection in persons living in such regions [ 1,2 ]. (lww.com)
Indeed, antigen-presenting cells are important reservoirs of HIV-1 [ 16,17 ] and induction of HIV-1 replication within these cells may contribute significantly to the cofactor effect of confections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (lww.com)

Its biological activities are shared by IL-6-family of cytokines such as leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M. IL-6 exerts its biological activities through interaction with specific receptors expressed on the surface of target cells. (sbhsciences.com)
At their best, they usually rely on some mysterious things called ionic pumps, that perform active transport, powered by little motors, under instructions from molecules that act on their specific receptors. (raypeat.com)

Here we found that the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was required for host survival after infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). (nature.com)
Here, we report that the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor-activated WD-repeat Gβ interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), comigrates with it into the nucleus and suppresses GR-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive genes. (rupress.org)

In contrast, on monocytes and, indeed, more-differentiated macrophages, TNF is a much more potent activator than IL-1. (biomedcentral.com)
Clearly, this difference reflects receptor distribution, as monocytes have very few IL-1 receptors [ 8 ] but relatively abundant p55 and p75 TNF receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Note: Certain human cell lines or cell types (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes) can first be treated with reagents that block receptors for the Fc regions of immunoglobulin to avoid nonspecific immunofluorescent staining mediated by Fc receptors (for example see Browning et al). (bdbiosciences.com)

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS- First, we examined whether the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Clin Immunol 2002(1): 25-7 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2000(4): 321-33 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)
Nat Genet 1999(4): 370-8 [ PubMed abstract ]. (lu.se)
ABSTRACT The Arab world is experiencing an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)

In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
A novel single-nucleotide substitution, Leu 467 Pro, in the interferon-gamma receptor 1 gene associated with allergic diseases. (lu.se)
For cytokine gene expression, mRNA was isolated from whole blood and skin lesions and then reverse transcribed into cDNA. (bvsalud.org)

Aside from these two receptors, evidence exists supporting the presence of yet uncloned cannabinoid receptors, a hypothesis predominantly based on pharmacological activity of cannabinoid compounds in CB1 and CB2 receptor-deficient mice or following the administration of 'selective' CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists (Jarai et al. (420magazine.com)
Mechanistically, endogenous glucocorticoids produced shortly after infection induced selective and tissue-specific expression of the checkpoint receptor PD-1 on NK cells. (nature.com)

The loss of TNF α receptor 1/2 resulted in reduced recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells into the spleen, but only neutrophil recruitment was inhibited in the peritoneal cavity. (hindawi.com)

In his review article, Professor Wim van den Berg argues that both TNF-α and IL-1 must be blocked in RA and that although TNF is clearly a potent inflammatory molecule, the dominant cytokine in the subsequent degradation of the joint tissue is IL-1. (biomedcentral.com)

A modified immunohistochemical method detecting cytokine producing rather than cytokine binding cells was applied to determine cytokine synthesis in fixed cryopreserved sections. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION The recorded heterogeneous profile of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in the synovial membrane among patients with RA may provide a clue for an understanding of the wide variation in responsiveness to different modes of antirheumatic treatment between patients. (bmj.com)

Two cannabinoid G protein-coupled receptors have been cloned thus far, CB1 receptors (Matsuda et al. (420magazine.com)

Chinese patients with defective IL-12/23-interferon-gamma circuit in Taiwan: partial dominant interferon-gamma receptor 1 mutation presenting as cutaneous granuloma and IL-12 receptor beta1 mutation as pneumatocele. (lu.se)
Two patients with complete defects in interferon gamma receptor-dependent signaling. (lu.se)
The novel IFNGR1 mutation 774del4 produces a truncated form of interferon-gamma receptor 1 and has a dominant-negative effect on interferon-gamma signal transduction. (lu.se)
Disseminated Mycobacterium peregrinum infection in a child with complete interferon-gamma receptor-1 deficiency. (lu.se)
Genetic basis of patients with bacille Calmette-Gu rin osteomyelitis in Japan: identification of dominant partial interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency as a predominant type. (lu.se)
561del4 defines a novel small deletion hotspot in the interferon-gamma receptor 1 chain. (lu.se)
Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with a genetic defect of the interferon-gamma receptor. (lu.se)
A point mutation in a domain of gamma interferon receptor 1 provokes severe immunodeficiency. (lu.se)
Recurrent Mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis associated with a novel dominant interferon gamma receptor mutation. (lu.se)
Interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 pathway defects and human disease. (lu.se)
Listeria monocytogenes and recurrent mycobacterial infections in a child with complete interferon-gamma-receptor (IFNgammaR1) deficiency: mutational analysis and evaluation of therapeutic options. (lu.se)
poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (D). The production of interleukin (IL) -4, -6, -10, -17 and interferon (IFN) -γ was quantified by ELISA. (bvsalud.org)

Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)

Parasite clearance following treatment with antimalarial drugs resulted in decreased detection of HIV-1 particles derived from the CD14 macrophage cell subset and correlated with a marked diminution in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)
Pristane administration induces macrophage activation [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

1990), expressed primarily by neurons, and CB2 receptors (Munro et al. (420magazine.com)

To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
10 8 By contrast, chronic exposure to IL-1 leads to exhaustion of normal HSC. (haematologica.org)
To evaluate the association of glycemic control and cytokine production in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
Oral diseases are included among the on NCD in this Region and to stress the World Health Organization (WHO) defini- importance of oral health issues in medicine tion of chronic diseases [ 1 ], and the im- in relation to the risk of NCD. (who.int)

Recently, cytokines and their receptors have been located in many other tissues, including the peripheral and central nervous systems ( Hopkins and Rothwell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)

Adiponectin production is stimulated by thiazolidinedione agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and may contribute to increased insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)

1. DamaniaB (2004) Oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses: comparison of viral proteins involved in tumorigenesis. (prelekara.sk)
IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)

This glucocorticoid-PD-1 pathway limited production of the cytokine IFN-γ by spleen NK cells, which prevented immunopathology. (nature.com)
Fig. 6: The glucocorticoid-PD-1 regulatory pathway is required for protection against infection with MCMV. (nature.com)

A novel pathogenic mutation on the interleukin-7 receptor has been described in a newborn. (medscape.com)

Endotoxin levels are less than or equal to 1 EU / 1 μg mIL-11. (cellsignal.com)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the study subjects were stimulated with M. leprae antigens (WCL, MLSA, and PGL-1). (bvsalud.org)

IL-6 Receptor (IL-6R, gp80) is 80 kDa alpha subunit, transmembrane glycoprotein that is 449 aa long. (sbhsciences.com)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in host defense against pathogen infection. (biomedcentral.com)

This issue has been extensively debated and even in the best-defined models, such as collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice, the aggressive, acute nature of the disease makes it unlike human RA. (biomedcentral.com)
Although these models and cytokine transgenic mice, despite their drawbacks, have been an invaluable tool to test hypotheses in vivo and to further explore mechanisms in a real-life setting, they can never fully mimic human RA. (biomedcentral.com)
There are 13 mammalian TLRs with TLRs 1 to 9 being conserved between humans and mice. (biomedcentral.com)

CCL2 acts predominantly via the CC-receptor CCR2, although it also binds to CCR4 (138), whereas CXCL1 and CXCL2 both act via CXCR2 (125). (pancreapedia.org)

Fig. 1: Organ-specific glucocorticoid regulation of the production of IFN-γ by NCR1 + ILCs in the spleen and liver after infection with MCMV. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Infection with MCMV induces glucocorticoid-dependent PD-1 expression in spleen NK cells. (nature.com)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α ) stimulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
An alcohol-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the mouse brain is closely linked to neurodegeneration[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
In tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated human aortic endothelial cells, beta-sitosterol was found to significantly inhibit vascular adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 expression. (drugs.com)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) was initially cloned as a mediator of plasmacytoma cell proliferation and was later found to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects in neural cells as well as in the hematopoietic and immune systems (1). (cellsignal.com)
The number of cell types expressing IL-6 R does not reflect the spectrum of cell types that can respond to IL-6. (sbhsciences.com)
Many cell types involved in this process express components of the cannabinoid signaling system that can be endogenously or pharmacologically controlled. (420magazine.com)
Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
[ 5 ] Ideally, SCID can be detected in a newborn before the onset of infections, with one well-documented example by screening of T-cell-receptor excision circles. (medscape.com)
Using immunocytochemistry and ELISA, we investigated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in the rat hippocampus after focal application of kainic acid inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and CA3 neuronal cell loss. (jneurosci.org)
Intrahippocampal application of 0.77 nmol of bicuculline methiodide, which induces EEG seizures but not cell loss, enhanced IL-1β immunoreactivity and microglia, although to a less extent and for a shorter time compared with kainate. (jneurosci.org)
Immunomagnetic HIV-1 capture analysis was used to determine the cellular origin of cell-free virus particles present in all 30 plasma samples and indices of immune activation were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (lww.com)
Extracellular stimuli that activate cell surface receptors modulate glucocorticoid actions via as yet unclear mechanisms. (rupress.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In a novel form of IFN-gamma receptor 1 deficiency, cell surface receptors fail to bind IFN-gamma. (lu.se)
Loss of IL-7R function is also associated with the loss of a T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement. (medscape.com)
BACKGROUND: Leprosy is an ideal human disease to study T cell regulation as patients show correlation between cytokine skewed Th1-Th2 responses and clinical forms of the disease. (bvsalud.org)

1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
6-16 However, most previous studies based on immunohistochemical staining of intra-articular cytokine production in RA have been performed on acetone fixed tissue, a procedure which does not readily allow subsequent discrimination of cytokine producing cells and cytokine binding cells. (bmj.com)

Longitudinal changes in risk variables of insulin resistance syndrome from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes: the Bogalusa Heart Study. (medigraphic.com)
Goran MI, Ball GDC, Cruz ML. Obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. (medigraphic.com)
There are alarming data related to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children of Arab ethnicity. (who.int)

Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. (ucla.edu)

Thus, convulsant and/or excitotoxic stimuli increase the production of IL-1β in microglia-like cells in the hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)

This is expected as fibroblasts are found closely associated with extracellular matrix and the catabolic activity of this cytokine would be extremely detrimental in this environment. (biomedcentral.com)
5 , - , 9 This loose connective tissue is composed of extracellular matrix and various types of cells: fat cells-named adipocytes, and the non-fat cells of the stromal vascular fraction that contains preadipocytes, capillary endothelial cells, infiltrating leucocytes and multipotent stem cells. (bmj.com)

Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)

Roles of HTLV-1 basic Zip Factor (HBZ) in Viral Chronicity and Leukemic Transformation. (mdpi.com)

2003). Here cannabinoids are defined as ingredients of the cannabis plant or other compounds that bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, and Table 1 summarizes their pharmacological properties. (420magazine.com)

IL-11 acts on cells expressing gp130 and the IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) α subunit. (cellsignal.com)
This type of activation, called "trans-signalling", renders virtually all cells capable of responding to IL-6/sIL-6R alpha complexes, making for a large new spectrum of IL-6 activities, ranging from the control of the immune response to involvement in pathological states. (sbhsciences.com)
2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)
The potent chondrogenic effects of IL-1 are well recognised, and it is clear that IL-1 activates chondrocytes and fibroblasts more potently than TNF does, a difference that may reflect the relative abundance of IL-1 receptors on these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Fig. 4: Specific combinations of cytokines and corticosterone act together to induce PD-1 expression on NK cells. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: MCMV-induced IFN-γ production by spleen NK cells is regulated by a glucocorticoid-PD-1 axis. (nature.com)
Host resistance to endotoxic shock requires the neuroendocrine regulation of group 1 innate lymphoid cells. (nature.com)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
In turn, the immune system is known to influence nervous system function by cytokines and other peptides secreted by immune cells. (psychiatrictimes.com)
This clustered distribution was not found for cells expressing any of the other studied cytokines. (bmj.com)

The presence of cytokines in CNS has raised many questions about their function and mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)

1. NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, UK. (pancreapedia.org)

The biological activity of tissue-conditioned media was evaluated by measuring production of selected factors (IL-6, IL-8, Dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin) by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). (bmj.com)
Conditioned media from AAT and SM cultures similarly upregulated IL-6, IL-8, Dickkopf-1 and osteoprotegerin production by rheumatoid FLS. (bmj.com)
1-5 The paracrine or autocrine mode of action of most cytokines complicates the interpretation of studies of body fluids for reliable assessment of cytokine production. (bmj.com)
Techniques based on immunohistochemistry have thus also been widely used to study the expression of cytokines within the synovial tissue in attempts to determine true local production. (bmj.com)
These hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors are promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
The ex vivo production of the cytokines: TNF, IFN-Î³, IL-1ß, and IL-17A was significantly increased in untreated patients with ENL. (bvsalud.org)

The supernatants were assessed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. (bvsalud.org)

1. What Makes Up Your Immune System? (squareonepublishers.com)
Today, that once-pioneering research in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has burgeoned into sophisticated clinical studies that look at, for example, how caregiving can affect the immune system, how stress may delay wound healing and how pretreatment with an antidepressant prevents cytokine-induced depression in therapy for cancer. (psychiatrictimes.com)

LPS is a known Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) ligand. (biomedcentral.com)

IL-11 belongs to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type subfamily of long-chain helical cytokines, including IL-6, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1, which all share the glycoprotein gp130 as a signal transducing receptor component. (cellsignal.com)
7 In CML and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we and others have shown that IL-1 is a positive regulator of LSC, and blocking IL-1 signaling inhibits the LSC. (haematologica.org)

Upon binding of IL-6 to the receptor (alpha subunit), gp130 is homodimerized and is subsequently involved in down-stream signal processes binding tyrosine kinases and activating STAT1 and STAT3 transcriptional factors. (sbhsciences.com)

Several the leading causes of death in every region pathophysiological pathways of association of the world [ 1 ]. (who.int)

The clinical significance of these events is highlighted by the utility of cytokine measurements in predicting outcome in human acute pancreatitis (116). (pancreapedia.org)

In the presented review paper we try to clarify, it seems, important role of members of IL-17 cytokines family in the course of neoplasmic disease. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Finally, to address the functional role of this cytokine, we measured the effect of human recombinant (hr)IL-1β on seizure activity as one marker of the response to kainate. (jneurosci.org)
The liver plays a central role in detoxifying LPS and producing a balanced cytokine milieu. (wjgnet.com)

Anatomy34

Organisms8

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs150

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes39

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Proinflammatory cytokines6

Inflammatory cytokines8

Inflammation10

Antagonist3

Anti-inflammatory2

Soluble1

Chemokines6

Secretion2

Tumour necros1

Ligands3

Pathogenesis3

Specific receptors2

Glucocorticoid receptor2

Monocytes3

Lipopolysaccharide1

Abstract4

Gene3

Selective2

Neutrophils1

Degradation1

Synthesis2

Protein-coupled1

Interferon12

Mediators1

Macrophage3

Systemic2

Neurons1

Chronic4

19951

Peroxisome1

Proteins2

Pathway2

Pathogenic1

Endotoxin1

Antigens1

Transmembrane2

Mice3

Predominantly1

Infection2

Tumor necros3

Cell13

Subsequent2

Diabetes3

Publication1

Stimuli1

Extracellular matrix2

Macrophages1

Roles1

Activate1

Cells11

Mechanisms1

Cellular1

Production6

Regulatory1

Immune system2

Ligand1

Leukemia2

Gp1301

Pathways1

MEASUREMENTS1

Role3