snRNPs
- After re-entering the nucleoplasm, the import proteins dissociate and the newly imported snRNPs transiently accumulate in Cajal bodies ( Sleeman and Lamond, 1999 ). (biologists.org)
- In addition to the common Sm core proteins, the mature U1, U2, U4 and U5 snRNPs also contain species-specific RNP proteins. (biologists.org)
- Since the snRNP-specific proteins appear to concentrate in Cajal bodies, they are believed to associate with core snRNPs in this organelle. (biologists.org)
- They probably provide storage sites for snRNPs or function in snRNP recycling ( Lamond and Spector, 2003 ). (biologists.org)
- 1995). In vitro reconstitution of mammalian U2 and U5 snRNPs active in splicing: Sm proteins are functionally interchangeable and are essential for the formation of functional U2 and U5 snRNPs. (core.ac.uk)
- The snRNAs, along with their associated proteins, form ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs), which bind to specific sequences on the pre-mRNA substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- The snRNAs are complexed with the Sm core proteins and with other proteins to form particles in the cell's nucleus called small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, or snRNPs. (wikipedia.org)
- The function of SMN in the cytoplasm is well understood, with major roles including the assembly of uridine-rich small nuclear RNP particles (U snRNPs, major components of spliceosomes) biogenesis and the transport of mRNA in axons. (le.ac.uk)
- The protein encoded by this gene is one of several nuclear proteins that are found in common among U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). (wikipedia.org)
- These snRNPs are involved in pre-mRNA splicing, and the encoded protein may also play a role in pre-mRNA splicing or snRNP structure. (wikipedia.org)
spliceosome
- All of these uridine-rich snRNA, with the exception of U7, form the core of the spliceosome. (wikipedia.org)
- The spliceosome is a large, protein-RNA complex that consists of five small nuclear RNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) and over 150 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Then, U2 snRNP is recruited to the spliceosome binding site and forms complex A. U2 snRNP changes the conformation of the hnRNA-snRNP complex, exposing the nucleotide favorably for splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- Following the conformation change, the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex binds to complex A to form the structure known as complex B. After rearrangement, complex C is formed, and the spliceosome is active for catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
- The snRNA U6 (unlike U1, U2, U4 and U5) does not associate with the Sm proteins, even though the U6 snRNP is a central component in the spliceosome. (wikipedia.org)
- The spliceosome rearranges itself through the consecutive action of DExD/H helicases to build a catalytic core for two transesterification reactions that will join exons and release intron. (le.ac.uk)
- In addition to sequential structural rearrangements catalyzed by ATP-dependent DExH/D-box RNA helicases, catalytic activation of the spliceosome is critically dependent on its association with the NineTeen Complex (NTC) named after its core E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit PRP19. (frontiersin.org)
- The spliceosome is composed of U-rich U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear snRNAs, which form snRNP particles with specific sets of proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- Except for plants, where thus far no suitable in vitro splicing assay is available, past studies of in vitro spliceosome assembly have generated a wealth of mass spectrometry, RNA cross-linking, and crystallographic data on basic functions, binding specificities, and interactions of core spliceosomal proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- SMN1 has been linked to pre-mRNA splicing, spliceosome biogenesis, and the nucleolar protein fibrillarin. (medscape.com)
- SMN associates with more than eight other proteins to form an RNA-binding complex involved in assembly of the spliceosome. (embl-heidelberg.de)
nucleus
- The modified 5' cap is then required to import the snRNP back into the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
- After a few more modifications, the spliced pre-mRNA becomes messenger RNA (mRNA) which is then exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein by ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)
- In eukaryotes, a hetero-heptameric complex of seven Lsm proteins (Lsm2-8) affects the processing of small stable RNAs and pre-mRNAs in the nucleus, whereas a different hetero-heptameric complex of Lsm proteins (Lsm1-7) promotes mRNA decapping and decay in the cytoplasm. (biologists.org)
- A shift of Lsm proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under stress conditions indicates that this competition is biologically significant. (biologists.org)
- Because these RNAs are all nuclear and, with the exception of the U6 snRNA, their associations with the Lsm proteins are highly transient, this suggests that at least some of the Lsm proteins enter the nucleus separately from their target RNAs. (biologists.org)
- In this report, we address possible causes for this defect by considering the hypothesis that mRNA‐associated events occurring in the nucleus can regulate the activity of their encoded proteins in the cytoplasm. (embopress.org)
- Crm1, a member of the karyopherin family of nuclear transport receptors, is unrelated to NXF1/p15 and mediates the nuclear export of leucine‐rich nuclear export signal (NES)‐containing proteins by binding to them in the nucleus and escorting them to the cytoplasm. (embopress.org)
- The genome-length retroviral transcript may be spliced to create subgenomic mRNAs, which are exported from the nucleus to synthesize other viral proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- Proteins in common pathways often concentrate together into specific areas of the nucleus. (embopress.org)
- For example, even though proteins involved in pre‐mRNA splicing move rapidly around the nucleus, they appear to concentrate into multiple nuclear 'speckles' ( Phair and Misteli, 2000 ). (embopress.org)
- Advances in proteomics and genome sequencing are adding rapidly to our knowledge of the proteins concentrated in subcompartments of the mammalian nucleus. (embopress.org)
- Do all subcompartments of the nucleus contain proteins with a similarly broad range of pI values? (embopress.org)
snRNAs
- The Sm proteins bind to the conserved Sm-binding site (Sm, consensus RAUU U / G UUGR) of Pol-II-specific spliceosomal snRNAs. (biologists.org)
- These are small RNA molecules that play an essential role in RNA biogenesis and guide chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and other RNA genes (tRNA and snRNAs). (wikipedia.org)
- Lsm-class snRNAs contain a 5'-γ-monomethylphosphate cap and a 3' stem-loop, terminating in a stretch of uridines that form the binding site for a distinct heteroheptameric ring of Lsm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Four of these snRNAs (U1, U2, U4 and U5) were found to be tightly bound to several small proteins, which were named SmB, SmD, SmE, SmF, and SmG in decreasing order of size. (wikipedia.org)
binds
- Individual LSm proteins assemble into a six or seven member doughnut ring (more properly termed a torus), which usually binds to a small RNA molecule to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1999 a protein heteromer was found that binds specifically to U6, and consisted of seven proteins clearly homologous to the Sm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
2001
- For example, in Chironomus tentans Balbiani ring mRNA export, the mRNP is formed cotranscriptionally as multiple different RNA binding proteins assemble on the elongating transcript ( Daneholt, 2001 ). (embopress.org)
complexes
- Our core expertise lies in the use of immunopurification and gradient fractionation to isolate functional complexes of interest and analyse them by mass spectrometry (MS). (le.ac.uk)
- These two complexes have six constituent proteins in common, yet localize to separate cellular compartments and perform apparently disparate functions. (biologists.org)
- Little is known about the biogenesis of the Lsm complexes, or how they are recruited to different cellular compartments. (biologists.org)
mRNA
- 1998). Modifications of U2 snRNA are required for snRNP assembly and pre-mRNA splicing. (core.ac.uk)
- It is required for pre-mRNA splicing and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- LSm proteins are defined by a characteristic three-dimensional structure and their assembly into rings of six or seven individual LSm protein molecules, and play a large number of various roles in mRNA processing and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, protein function and fate may depend upon the full and precise history of its encoding mRNA. (embopress.org)
- Most cellular mRNA export is mediated by a heterodimer of NXF1 and its partner p15 that is recruited to spliced RNA by multiple, redundant factors including the EJC and SR proteins such as Srp20 and 9G8 ( Stutz and Izaurralde, 2003 ). (embopress.org)
- Alternatively, the full-length RNA may remain unspliced with two potential outcomes: it may serve as the mRNA template for the translation of the Gag and Gag-Pol structural proteins or it may be bound by the Gag protein for packaging into new virions as the gRNA. (frontiersin.org)
small nuclear
- Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPD2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein core protein family. (wikipedia.org)
- Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated proteins B and B' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPB gene. (wikipedia.org)
- SMN1 encodes the SMN protein, which is part of a multiprotein complex required for the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. (medscape.com)
snRNA
- Each snRNP is composed of an snRNA and a set of associated RNP proteins. (biologists.org)
- and (4) packaging of snRNA with RNP proteins. (biologists.org)
- Each snRNP particle is composed of a snRNA component and several snRNP-specific proteins (including Sm proteins, a family of nuclear proteins). (wikipedia.org)
- snRNA are often divided into two classes based upon both common sequence features as well as associated protein factors such as the RNA-binding LSm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
particles
- Although Gag was previously thought to localize exclusively to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane where particles are released, we found that the Gag protein of Rous sarcoma virus, an alpharetrovirus, undergoes transient nuclear trafficking. (frontiersin.org)
Spliceosomes
- Burge CB, Tuschl T, Sharp PA (1999) Splicing of precursors to mRNAs by the spliceosomes. (springer.com)
cytoplasmic
- The newly synthesized TMG cap and the associated Sm proteins provide the nuclear localization signal for the cytoplasmic core snRNP. (biologists.org)
- Whereas cytoplasmic proteins generally had pI values of ∼5.5, and values for integral membrane proteins clustered at ∼pI 9, values for nuclear proteins appeared to spread across the entire range. (embopress.org)
interacts
- For MBNL1, we first demonstrate that this protein is an alternative splicing factor that interacts with pre-mRNAs misspliced in DM and that this interaction is necessary for splicing responsiveness. (ufl.edu)
- The Tudor protein survival motor neuron (SMN) is a chromatin-binding protein that interacts with methylated lysine 79 of histone H3. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Here we reveal that SMN is a chromatin-binding protein that specifically interacts with methylated histone H3K79, a gene expression- and splicing-associated histone modification. (embl-heidelberg.de)
compartments
- However, despite the apparent similarities, the various classes of snRNP follow different biosynthetic pathways and most steps of snRNP biogenesis can be linked to distinct subcellular compartments. (biologists.org)
- Here we use a variety of web‐based bioinformatics tools to address the question of whether the sequence characteristics of almost 400 human/mouse proteins known to concentrate in different nuclear compartments might allow us to predict potential localization for novel protein sequences in databases. (embopress.org)
cytoplasm
- The SMN protein is distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm and also localises to the nuclear structures known as gems. (le.ac.uk)
subcellular
- A key characteristic of proteins, which can begin to elucidate their possible functions, is their subcellular location. (embopress.org)
- A number of experimental approaches can reveal the subcellular localization of proteins in mammalian cells. (embopress.org)
- However, genome databases now contain predicted sequences for a large number of potentially novel proteins that have yet to be studied in any way, let alone have their subcellular localization determined. (embopress.org)
survival of mot
- The 3' stem structure is necessary for recognition by the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. (wikipedia.org)
autoantibodies
- Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently recognize epitopes on the encoded protein. (wikipedia.org)
mammalian
- 1999). Cloning and characterization of a mammalian pseudouridine synthase. (core.ac.uk)
gene
- Methylosome subunit pICln is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLNS1A gene. (wikipedia.org)
- In the bacterium Escherichia coli, the Sm-like protein HF-I encoded by the gene hfq was described in 1968 as an essential host factor for RNA bacteriophage Qβ replication. (wikipedia.org)
- It is no longer a surprise that improper splicing of protein-coding gene transcripts is the underlying cause of 20% of genetic diseases. (le.ac.uk)
- There is a second gene that also plays a role in producing the SMN protein-namely, SMN2 , often called the SMA "backup gene. (medscape.com)
- Mutations in the SMN1 gene, which encodes the protein survival motor neuron (SMN), are responsible for the disease. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- CLC proteins form a gene family that comprises nine members in mammals, at least four of which are involved in human genetic diseases. (hmdb.ca)
viral proteins
- Here, we show fibrillarin domain conservation, structure and interacting molecules in different cellular processes as well as with several viral proteins during virus infection. (embl-heidelberg.de)
specific proteins
- DM arises from the expansion of two similar non-coding microsatellites in the DMPK and CNBP genes which have been proposed to cause disease through a common mechanism, a toxic RNA gain-of-function which can either inhibit or activate specific proteins. (ufl.edu)
fibrillarin
- Fibrillarin is an essential protein that is well known as a molecular marker of transcriptionally active RNA polymerase I. Fibrillarin methyltransferase activity is the primary known source of methylation for more than 100 methylated sites involved in the first steps of preribosomal processing and required for structural ribosome stability. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- We previously showed that SMN relocated to damaged interphase centromeres, together with the Cajal-body-associated proteins coilin and fibrillarin, during the so-called interphase centromere damage response (iCDR). (embl-heidelberg.de)
distinct
- Mbnl3 expression patterns, particularly in tissues affected in CDM including skeletal muscle and lung, as well as the cellular localization of Mbnl3 protein isoforms, suggest a function that is distinct from other Mbnl family members. (ufl.edu)
characterization
- 1998). Characterization of yeast protein Deg1 as pseudouridine synthase (Pus3) catalyzing the formation of psi 38 and psi 39 in tRNA anticodon loop. (core.ac.uk)
genomic
- The full-length viral RNA can be used for the translation of the Gag and Gag-Pol structural proteins or as the genomic RNA (gRNA) for encapsidation into new virions by the Gag protein. (frontiersin.org)
Splicing
- Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
- The initial step of splicing is the bonding of the U1 snRNP and its associated proteins to the 5' splice end to the hnRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on which LSm proteins and RNA molecule are involved, this ribonucleoprotein complex facilitates a wide variety of RNA processing including degradation, editing, splicing, and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically, splicing results in a complex of proteins known as the exon junction complex (EJC) being assembled 20-24 nucleotides upstream of the exon-exon boundary. (embopress.org)
- When the nuclear export signal of RSV Gag is mutated (Gag.L219A), the protein accumulates in discrete subnuclear foci reminiscent of nuclear bodies such as splicing speckles, paraspeckles, and PML bodies. (frontiersin.org)
interactions
- Frilander MJ, Steitz JA (1999) Initial recognition of U12-dependent introns requires both U11/5′ splice-site and U12/branchpoint interactions. (springer.com)
- One of these candidates, the muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of proteins encoded by three genes, MBNL1, MBNL2, and MBNL3, are sequestered into discrete nuclear foci by RNA repeat expansions, preventing interactions with endogenous RNA targets and compromising their activity. (ufl.edu)
Lamond
- Similarly, the events of rDNA processing and ribosome biogenesis predominantly occur within the nucleolus ( Lamond and Earnshaw, 1998 ). (embopress.org)
particle
- The tri-snRNP particle consisting of U4, U5, and U6 delivers parts of the spliceosomal catalytic core - U6 RNA and U5snRNP. (le.ac.uk)
nuclear locali
- Because the three paralogous yeast Lsm proteins, Lsm8p, Lsm2p and Lsm4p, also contain basic C-termini, they might form a nuclear-localization signal in a similar fashion. (biologists.org)
localization
- Despite its abundant use as a household protein, little is known about its exact cellular localization and dynamics. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Here we ask whether using bioinformatics tools to analyse the sequence of proteins whose subnuclear localizations have been determined can reveal characteristics or signatures that might allow us to predict localization for novel protein sequences. (embopress.org)
recombinant
- The analysis of PM/Scl-75 cleavage by recombinant caspase proteins shows that PM/Scl-75 is efficiently cleaved by caspase-1, to a smaller extent by caspase-8, and relatively inefficiently by caspase-3 and caspase-7. (biomedcentral.com)
1997
- PhD: Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, 1997-1999. (le.ac.uk)
- Feng D-F, Cho G, Doolittle RF (1997) Determining divergence times with a protein clock: Update and re-evaluation. (springer.com)
1996
- 1996). Nuclear pore proteins are involved in the biogenesis of functional tRNA. (core.ac.uk)
eukaryotes
- Subsequently, as more eukaryotes genomes were sequenced, it became clear that eukaryotes, in general, share homologs to the same set of seven Sm and eight LSm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Protein-coding genes in humans have unequalled coding potential among all eukaryotes. (le.ac.uk)
molecules
- The smith antigen was found to be a complex of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules and multiple proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- In total, the reaction requires the assembly of 5 small RNA molecules and about 200 proteins. (le.ac.uk)
cellular
- In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. (wikipedia.org)
isoforms
- 95%) are alternatively spliced, producing several protein isoforms. (le.ac.uk)
- Cancer cells produce protein isoforms favourable for cell survival and invasion. (le.ac.uk)
regulation
- Although it is known that both GI transcript and GI protein are clock controlled, the regulation of its abundance and functions at the molecular level are still some of the unexplored areas of intensive research. (frontiersin.org)
- Both the GI transcript and GI protein are under the control of diurnal regulation. (frontiersin.org)
SmD1
- SmD was later discovered to be a mixture of three proteins, which were named SmD1, SmD2 and SmD3. (wikipedia.org)
cerevisiae
- The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's Yeast) was sequenced in the mid-1990s, providing a rich resource for identifying homologs of these human proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Eight Lsm proteins have been identified in S. cerevisiae . (biologists.org)
- Gunjan A, Verreault A. A Rad53 kinase-dependent surveillance mechanism that regulates histone protein levels in S. cerevisiae. (springer.com)
form
- The Sm proteins were first discovered as antigens targeted by so-called Anti-Sm antibodies in a patient with a form of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a debilitating autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. (hmdb.ca)
subunit
- We show that, in yeast, the nuclear accumulation of Lsm proteins depends on complex formation and that the Lsm8p subunit plays a crucial role. (biologists.org)
subsequently
- Other proteins with very similar structures were subsequently discovered and named LSm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
alternatively spliced
- SmB has an alternatively spliced variant, SmB', and a very similar protein, SmN, replaces SmB'/B in certain (mostly neural) tissues. (wikipedia.org)
RNAs
- Sm-like (Lsm) proteins are ubiquitous, multifunctional proteins that are involved in the processing and/or turnover of many RNAs. (biologists.org)
ubiquitously expressed
- This protein is ubiquitously expressed in all cells, and the reason why the motor neurons are primarily affected in the disease is widely debated. (le.ac.uk)
- Cyclophilin B (CypB) is an ubiquitously expressed protein, which performs several intra- and extracellular functions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
shown to interact
- SNRPD3 has been shown to interact with: CDC5L, CLNS1A, DDX20, and Protein arginine methyltransferase 5. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular
- The most fundamental characteristics of primary protein sequence are size (molecular weight, MW) and isoelectric point (pI). (embopress.org)
human
- A comparison of snRNP-associated Sm-autoantigens: human N, rat N and human B/B'". Nucleic Acids Res. (wikipedia.org)
- The PM/Scl autoantigen is the human homologue of the yeast exosome, which consists of at least nine core proteins, all displaying exoribonuclease characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
known
- SMN belongs to the Tudor domain protein family, whose members are known to interact with methylated arginine (R) or lysine (K) residues. (embl-heidelberg.de)
sequences
- Binding of Sm proteins is a prerequisite for hypermethylation of the 7mG cap to 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) by the Tgs1 methyltransferase, as well as for exonucleolytic removal of the 3′ trailer sequences. (biologists.org)
inhibits
- Consideration of the novel ones suggests many aspects of NFAT5 regulation, interaction and function that were not previously appreciated, for example, hypertonicity inhibits NFAT5 by sumoylating it and the NFAT5 protein preys include components of the CHTOP complex that desumoylate proteins, an action that should contribute to activation of NFAT5. (physiology.org)
- Immunodepletion of protein 61K from HeLa nuclear extracts inhibits tri‐snRNP formation and subsequent spliceosome assembly and pre‐mRNA splicing. (embopress.org)
ribonucleoprotein
- Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPD3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein core protein family. (wikipedia.org)
- It is required for pre-mRNA splicing and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Individual LSm proteins assemble into a six or seven member doughnut ring (more properly termed a torus), which usually binds to a small RNA molecule to form a ribonucleoprotein complex. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on which LSm proteins and RNA molecule are involved, this ribonucleoprotein complex facilitates a wide variety of RNA processing including degradation, editing, splicing, and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated proteins B and B' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPB gene. (wikipedia.org)
sets of proteins
- Different sets of proteins are pulled down from nuclear vs. cytoplasmic extracts. (physiology.org)
histone
- Three predominant proteins, which were differentially less expressed in PCBP1 overexpression cells and were detected at pI=7.96-8.16, were identified as histone proteins, indicating that histone proteins are among the targets regulated by PCBP1. (genes2cognition.org)
- The onset of the transcriptional process requires the biochemical dismantling of the silenced structures, which occurs via a counteracting series of modifications taking place on the histone proteins. (embopress.org)
mRNAs
- Burge CB, Tuschl T, Sharp PA (1999) Splicing of precursors to mRNAs by the spliceosomes. (springer.com)
- Cap addition requires three enzymatic activities - an RNA triphosphatase, a guanyltransferase, and an m 7 guanine methyltransferase - that are present in two proteins that make up the enzymatic components of the human capping enzyme [ 13 ] that HIV usurps to cap its own mRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the absence of this quality control, spurious transcripts and misprocessed mRNAs would be exported to the cytoplasm and then translated into toxic proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- The genome-length retroviral transcript may be spliced to create subgenomic mRNAs, which are exported from the nucleus to synthesize other viral proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- To explore the functions of these alphaCP/mRNA interactions, we identified mRNAs whose levels are altered in K562 cells acutely depleted of the two major alphaCP proteins, alphaCP1 and alphaCP2. (genes2cognition.org)
Arabidopsis
- We analyzed the predicted complement of WDR proteins from Arabidopsis, and compared this to those from budding yeast, fruit fly and human to illustrate both conservation and divergence in structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)
- This analysis identified 237 potential Arabidopsis proteins containing four or more recognizable copies of the motif. (biomedcentral.com)
- The functional characterization of conserved WDR proteins in Arabidopsis reveals that these proteins help adapt basic mechanisms for plant-specific processes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results show that most Arabidopsis WDR proteins are strongly conserved across eukaryotes, including those that have been found to play key roles in plant-specific processes, with diversity in function conferred at least in part by divergence in upstream signaling pathways, downstream regulatory targets and /or structure outside of the WDR regions. (biomedcentral.com)
superfamily
- The so-called WD-repeat (WDR) proteins comprise an astonishingly diverse superfamily of regulatory proteins, representing the breadth of biochemical mechanisms and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
homology
- A homology model of the PilQ protein was fitted into the cryo-EM map. (elifesciences.org)
humans
- Magmas forms a stable subcomplex with J-protein Pam18 or DnaJC19 through its C-terminal region and is tethered to TIM23 complex of yeast and humans. (genes2cognition.org)
- Methylosome subunit pICln is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLNS1A gene. (wikipedia.org)
comprise
- The alpha-globin poly(C)-binding proteins (alphaCPs) comprise an abundant and widely expressed set of K-homolog domain RNA-binding proteins. (genes2cognition.org)
Sequence
- snRNA are often divided into two classes based upon both common sequence features as well as associated protein factors such as the RNA-binding LSm proteins. (wikipedia.org)
bind
- Transcription factors often contain unstructured regions that bind co-regulatory proteins that are crucial for their function. (physiology.org)
Gene
- Interestingly, protein 61K is encoded by a gene ( PRPF31 ) that has been shown to be linked to autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. (embopress.org)
- In the bacterium Escherichia coli, the Sm-like protein HF-I encoded by the gene hfq was described in 1968 as an essential host factor for RNA bacteriophage Qβ replication. (wikipedia.org)
interaction
- It is now accepted that WDR domains within proteins act as sites for interaction with other proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
CLNS1A
- SNRPD3 has been shown to interact with: CDC5L, CLNS1A, DDX20, and Protein arginine methyltransferase 5. (wikipedia.org)
translocation
- In this report, we have showed that human Magmas is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pam16 having similar functions and is critical for protein translocation across mitochondrial inner membrane. (genes2cognition.org)
- Importantly, amino acid alterations in Magmas leads to reduced stability of the subcomplex with Pam18 that results in temperature sensitivity and in vivo protein translocation defects in yeast cells. (genes2cognition.org)
- The OM-embedded C-terminal secretin domain likely provides an aperture for DNA and protein translocation through the OM, connecting the periplasm to the extracellular environment. (elifesciences.org)
characteristic
- LSm proteins are defined by a characteristic three-dimensional structure and their assembly into rings of six or seven individual LSm protein molecules, and play a large number of various roles in mRNA processing and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Structural
- Alternatively, the full-length RNA may remain unspliced with two potential outcomes: it may serve as the mRNA template for the translation of the Gag and Gag-Pol structural proteins or it may be bound by the Gag protein for packaging into new virions as the gRNA. (frontiersin.org)
Bacteria
- Ferritins are the main iron storage proteins found in animals, plants, and bacteria. (genes2cognition.org)
transcript
- Although it is known that both GI transcript and GI protein are clock controlled, the regulation of its abundance and functions at the molecular level are still some of the unexplored areas of intensive research. (frontiersin.org)
- Experiments aimed at understanding the abundance of the transcript and the protein are typically carried out in controlled cabinets, where the subjective time of the diurnal cycle are referred as the Zeitgeber time (ZT). (frontiersin.org)
- Both the GI transcript and GI protein are under the control of diurnal regulation. (frontiersin.org)
encodes
- Encodes a protein similar to animal presenilin whose expression is increased in response to potassium (K+) deprivation. (gifu-u.ac.jp)