1998 tuberculosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
In 2019, M. tuberculosis was found in a genetically related complex group of Mycobacterium species called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that has at least 9 members: M. tuberculosis sensu stricto M. africanum M. canetti M. bovis M. caprae M. microti M. pinnipedii M. mungi M. orygis It requires oxygen to grow, and is nonmotile. (wikipedia.org)
The slices of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis analyzed under a scanning electron microscope by a Japan-based research group has revealed that bacteria is about 2.71 ± 1.05μm in length with an average diameter of the cell approximately 0.345 ± 0.029 μm. (wikipedia.org)
Early diagnosis and effective treatment of TB among HIV-infected patients are critical for curing TB, minimizing the negative effects of TB on the course of HIV, and interrupting the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to other persons in the community. (cdc.gov)
An NAA test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test or MTD {Gen-Probe{Registered}, San Diego, California}) * was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on processed clinical specimens (1), and others are under development. (cdc.gov)
GUTB is most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and composes 20% of all forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
The incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis has increased since the late 20th century, primarily because of AIDS and the development of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (medscape.com)
It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)
the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to provide an invaluable resource to understand tuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of global infectious disease mortality. (jci.org)
Protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) -the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB)-is not fully understood but involves immune responses within the pulmonary airways which can lead to exacerbated inflammation and immune pathology. (frontiersin.org)
The UK Mycobacterial Resistance Network (Mycobnet), which includes all mycobacterial reference and regional laboratories in the UK, collects a minimum dataset on all individuals from whom an initial isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been isolated and submitted by source hospital laboratories. (bmj.com)
In the present work, the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was standardized, and the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated comparing baciloscopy, culture and PCR tests. (scielo.br)
No presente trabalho, o método de detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em amostras de escarro foi padronizado e o diagnóstico laboratorial da tuberculose pulmonar foi avaliado, comparando-se as metodologias de baciloscopia, cultura e PCR. (scielo.br)
Das 117 amostras analisadas, três (2,56%) apresentaram baciloscopia positiva e PCR positiva para M. tuberculosis (concordância de 100%), e nove (7,69%) tiveram crescimento de Mycobacterium sp. (scielo.br)
Infection is spread by the aerosol route and Mycobacterium tuberculosis must drive lung destruction to be transmitted to new hosts. (ersjournals.com)
Approximately one-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Lung matrix destruction is critical to the life cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). (ersjournals.com)
Elevated levels of CTSB was observed in the lungs of mice and rabbits following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv as well as in plasma from acute tuberculosis patients. (frontiersin.org)
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is thought to play a major role in host protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection ( 1 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
ABSTRACT This research compared the numbers and types of different Mycobacterium species in soil samples taken from 2 areas of Golestan province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1 with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and 1 with a low prevalence. (who.int)
There are currently 71 recognized or proposed species of Mycobacterium [1], all of which, except M. tuberculosis complex and M. leprae, are considered as environmental mycobacteria and can usually be isolated from environmental samples including water, soil and dust [2]. (who.int)
Contact with different species of environmental Mycobacterium can cause acquired immunity to M. tuberculosis or increase the efficacy of BCG vaccine protection (M. vaccae, M. microti), although some species of these bacteria reduce the efficacy of BCG vaccine (M. scrofulaceum) [8,10-13]. (who.int)
It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air and infects the lungs and other organs and parts of the persons who come in contact to the infected persons. (uni-muenchen.de)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the bacterium that causes TB, is spread in airborne droplets when people with active disease cough or sneeze. (plos.org)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cleaved DHEA to a number of metabolites, visualised by thin layer chromatography, including AED and reduced forms of AED that were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. (ucl.ac.uk)
Substances that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could potentially be used as antibiotics. (ejbiotechnology.info)
IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) are in vitro blood tests that measure T-cell release of IFN-γ after stimulation with antigens unique to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (atsjournals.org)
Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection phase-dependent antigens may be differentially recognized in infected and diseased individuals and therefore useful as diagnostic tools for differentiating between M.tb infection states. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the dependence of most of these tests on sputum implies that they are not suitable for patients with difficulties in providing good quality sputum samples such as children, extrapulmonary TB cases, or in cases where the sputum itself is negative (for example, many patients with HIV- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) co-infections). (biomedcentral.com)
Some scholars have found that after Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades macrophages, miRNA participates in the body's anti-tuberculosis infection process [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
Public health authorities may consider re-allocation of resources in the period of peak seasonality to minimize the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to close contacts in this and comparable settings in the region having similar influx of immigrants from high TB burden countries. (biomedcentral.com)
However, from 1989 to 1999, there was a steady increase in the TB incidence among both nationals and non-nationals suggestive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from non-nationals to nationals since a large proportion of migrants from South Asian and South-East Asian countries live and work in Kuwaiti homes as domestic workers [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the 2-year period of the study, 2963 adults had Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from 3 166 extrapulmonary sites ( Table 1 ). (scielo.org.za)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but may also occur in other organs (extrapulmonary TB), such as the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and the skin. (hindawi.com)
However, POI approaches are limited by imperfect current tools to measure Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection end-points. (ersjournals.com)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a common infectious agent, particularly in developing countries, with a reported incidence of 18.9 cases/100.000 inhabitants/year in general population [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is hoped that the determination of the complete DNA (genome) sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, achieved in 1998, will hasten the development of an effective vaccine. (factmonster.com)
The recently solved crystal structure of MscL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Chang et al. (usda.gov)

From 2 to 20% of individuals can develop genitourinary tuberculosis 5 to 25 years after having pulmonary tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
However, the unsatisfactory performance of BCG in controlling the adult pulmonary tuberculosis has made the development of an effective vaccine against M. tuberculosis a prime objective of the TB research. (nature.com)
The study was carried out with 117 sputum samples from different patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis, for whom physicians had ordered a baciloscopy test. (scielo.br)
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) was the most common AIDS related illness (ARI) (>70%) recorded among subgroup I compared to non-PT category of ARI. (scirp.org)
The present study indicates that body iron overload resulting from excess intake of iron may be associated with qualitative defects in cell mediated immunity at early stage of HIV-1 infection that may facilitate subsequent acquisition of pulmonary tuberculosis, shorter ARI free duration and reduced survival. (scirp.org)
Hyperendemic pulmonary tuberculosis in a Peruvian shantytown. (ajtmh.org)
The purpose of this article is to provide reference for patients with lung cancer complicated by active pulmonary tuberculosis. (researchsquare.com)
The concentration of survivin in diseased tissue and miR-29a and IGRAs in serum in 25 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) complicated by active pulmonary tuberculosis (APT) and 32 patients with NSCLC and 30 patients with APT were measured. (researchsquare.com)
There is paucity of data on seasonal variation in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries contrary to recognized seasonality in the TB notification in western societies. (biomedcentral.com)
Capreomycin is an old antibiotic for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis [ 7 ] with recently increasing interest. (hindawi.com)
Pulmonary tuberculosis count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, be aware of such toxicity. (who.int)
The patient was put on a 3-drug predominant motor functional impair- ness of the upper limbs, hands and therapy for his pulmonary tuberculosis ment associated with tetraplegia. (who.int)

All HIV-infected persons at risk for infection with M. tuberculosis must be carefully evaluated and, if indicated, administered therapy to prevent the progression of latent infection to active TB disease and avoid the complications associated with HIV-related TB. (cdc.gov)
Genital tuberculosis is usually secondary to renal tuberculous infection. (medscape.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. (encyclopedia.com)
Scientists know it as an infection caused by M. tuberculosis . (encyclopedia.com)
When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. tuberculosis , was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. (encyclopedia.com)
acr was able to efficiently boost the BCG induced protection against M. tuberculosis infection in guinea pigs by significantly reducing the pulmonary bacillary load (1.27 log 10 fewer bacilli) in comparison to BCG vaccination alone. (nature.com)
HspX or α-crystallin, a 16 kDa protein, is one of the dominant antigens expressed during the latent stages of M. tuberculosis infection and under various other conditions like low oxygen tension, nutrient starvation or hypoxia 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
In one of the study from our laboratory, we have shown that a DNA vaccine expressing α-crystallin provides considerable protection to guinea pigs against M. tuberculosis infection 12 . (nature.com)
Introduction Interventions to improve adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are necessary to improve treatment completion rates and optimise tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. (bmj.com)
This is the first known trial protocol to assess the effect of a mobile health text-messaging intervention to improve treatment completion among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). (bmj.com)
Immunocompromised persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation compared with the general population. (atsjournals.org)
The rest develop latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and have a 5% lifetime risk of progressing to active TB ( 3 , 4 ). (atsjournals.org)
M. tuberculosis infection is extremely difficult to treat mainly because of its adaptive ability to turn a hostile environment within human macrophages (phagocytes) into a friendly niche for its replication. (hindawi.com)
Latent TB infection (LTBI) is a clinical condition associated with only a positive tuberculin skin test (i.e., evidence of infection with M. tuberculosis ) but without clinical or radiographic signs of active disease. (hindawi.com)
This is a pyrazine analog of nicotinamide that is either bacteriostatic or bactericidal against M tuberculosis , depending on the concentration of drug attained at the site of infection. (medscape.com)

Although the recommendations pertain to the United States, they might be adaptable for use in other countries that adhere to guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and national TB control programs. (cdc.gov)
Tuberculosis (TB) was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in 1994, but despite the resulting research and public health efforts, the annual number of cases is increasing [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
For most countries and areas in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region, the decline of tuberculosis (TB) epidemics and the ageing of the population occurred simultaneously in the past decades. (who.int)

The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)

The true incidence of renal tuberculosis may be underestimated, because radiologic findings may be absent, and diagnosis is made by urine culture. (medscape.com)
2. Despite commendable efforts by countries and partners to implement internationally recommended strategies for tuberculosis control, impact on tuberculosis incidence has not been significant. (who.int)
The incidence of lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis is 10.9 times that of people without tuberculosis [ 2 ] . (researchsquare.com)
The incidence of both lung cancer and tuberculosis in China is relatively high. (researchsquare.com)
Such strategies may go a long way to reduce the incidence of hearing loss, thus improving patients compliance with the treatment regimen, and ultimately reducing the burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria. (researchsquare.com)
More recent data on mortality requires a separate review because the tuberculosis incidence has changed due to the impact of HIV/AIDS after 1995. (rrh.org.au)

Factors affecting time delay to treatment in a tuberculosis control programme in a sub-Saharan African country: the experience of The Gambia. (ajtmh.org)
After returning to Europe, Peter has worked for several major international policy organisations including the World Heath Organization, Global Fund against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV and AIDS. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Our aim is to achieve officially TB free Status for England, in line with our bovine TB Strategy for England and the wider UK Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Programme . (www.gov.uk)
Results of search for 'au:'WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme. (who.int)
by WHO Global Tuberculosis Programme. (who.int)

US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Atlanta, Georgia. (uni-muenchen.de)

According to a recent estimate by the World Health Organisation, by the year 2000 tuberculosis (TB) will kill 4 million people a year. (ucl.ac.uk)

[ 11 ] In a study of the literature from 1997 to 2017, Mthalane et al found that MDCT can reproduce images comparable to those of intravenous excretory urography for renal tuberculosis, along with being able to better assess the renal parenchyma and surrounding spaces. (medscape.com)

18 years of age with culture-confirmed tuberculosis in an extrapulmonary site was performed from April 2001 to March 2003. (scielo.org.za)

There were 25 217 reports of initial isolates of M tuberculosis complex in the UK between 1993 and 1999. (bmj.com)
4 In this paper the nature and magnitude of drug resistance in newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in the UK between 1993 and 1999 using data collated by Mycobnet is presented. (bmj.com)

This is an especially important technology for patients who are smear-negative and currently need to wait several weeks before beginning tuberculosis treatment. (ejbiotechnology.info)

International Journal of Tuberculosis & Lung Disease, 4(5): 395-400. (uni-muenchen.de)

acr ) was generated which was further evaluated for its ability to impart protection as a booster vaccine against tuberculosis in a heterologous prime boost approach. (nature.com)
In addition, a previous study from our laboratory based on BCG priming followed by boosting with the DNA vaccine expressing α-crystallin imparted markedly better protection against M. tuberculosis in comparison to BCG in both guinea pigs and mice 13 . (nature.com)
The fifth event of the LSHTM-Charité Global Health Lecture Series will focus on Tuberculosis (TB) in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tuberculosis, including effects on access to services, diagnosis, vaccine development and MDR-TB. (lshtm.ac.uk)
What is being done to develop a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis? (lshtm.ac.uk)

Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) is the single deadliest infectious disease known to man with 10 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths (including 300,000 HIV coinfected) in 2018 ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease in the world 1 , with epidemics being spatially heterogeneous, as indicated by evidence of geographic clustering at different resolution levels 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important causes of infectious disease mortality worldwide, particularly in low income countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Bovine tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease which mainly affects cattle. (www.gov.uk)
Tuberculosis is a leading infectious disease causing millions of deaths each year. (hindawi.com)

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
At the 25-year anniversary of this accomplishment, we describe how insights gleaned from the M. tuberculosis genome have led to vital tools for TB research, epidemiology, and clinical practice. (jci.org)
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis and related mycobacteria is now routine, allowing comparisons across time and space. (jci.org)
The M. tuberculosis genome has ushered in a quarter century of substantial clinical and public health advancements. (jci.org)

These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
These guidelines update previous CDC recommendations for treating and preventing active tuberculosis (TB) among adults and children coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1-3). (cdc.gov)
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate the efficacy of preventive therapy for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected adults in Lusaka, Zambia. (nih.gov)
Objective The objective of this study was to identify determinants for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected adults in Northwest Ethiopia. (bmj.com)
This is the first multicentre case-control study in Northwest Ethiopia to investigate determinants for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected adults. (bmj.com)
Trials in adults with smear-negative tuberculosis suggest that treatment can be effectively shortened from 6 to 4 months. (biomedcentral.com)
Historically, studies of anti-tuberculosis treatment in children have lagged substantially behind adult studies and data regarding TB treatment extrapolated from adults. (biomedcentral.com)

Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis may be challenging because of its clinical and radiologic spectra and because it can mimic many other disease entities. (medscape.com)
To evaluate the effectiveness of nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ETB), as well as the impact of PCR results on clinical management. (scielo.org.mx)
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) occurs in 15 - 20% of immunocompetent and 20 - 70% of HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis. (scielo.org.za)
Culture of extrapulmonary sites is of importance to confirm diagnosis of tuberculosis and to ensure antituberculosis drug susceptibility testing. (scielo.org.za)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of mortality all over the globe. (nature.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality producing an estimated 8 million new cases leading to 2-3 million deaths annually. (bmj.com)
2] American Thoracic Society, CDC, "Infectious Diseases Society of America, Treat¬ment of Tuberculosis", Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports, 52 (RR-11): 1-77. (uni-muenchen.de)

Certain groups of people were at a higher risk of acquiring drug resistant tuberculosis including younger men, residents of London, foreign born subjects, patients with a previous history of tuberculosis and those infected with HIV. (bmj.com)

The important increase in immigration during recent years has changed the epidemiology and control strategies for tuberculosis (TB) in many places. (biomedcentral.com)

The radiograph shows a classic posterior segment right upper lobe density consistent with active tuberculosis. (medscape.com)

When in the lungs, M. tuberculosis is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages, but they are unable to kill and digest the bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
After the lungs, the genitourinary tract is the most common site of tuberculosis (see the image below). (medscape.com)
In 2010, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis (TB)-a contagious bacterial disease that usually infects the lungs-and about 1.5 million people died from the disease. (plos.org)
Diagnostic tests for TB include sputum smear analysis (microscopic examination of mucus coughed up from the lungs for the presence of M. tuberculosis ) and mycobacterial liquid culture (growth of M. tuberculosis from sputum and determination of its drug sensitivity). (plos.org)

There has been a re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global health problem over the past two decades 1, 2 accompanied by an increase in drug resistant tuberculosis strains. (bmj.com)

Because of the lack of clinical features, diagnosis of genital tuberculosis may be difficult (see the images below). (medscape.com)
This study aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, molecular epidemiology and treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) cases in the UK and to determine factors associated with survival. (bmj.com)
The most difficult clinical cases are caused by multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. (bmj.com)
His research interest on tuberculosis and HIV covers a wide range of disciplines from molecular genetics, through epidemiology and clinical trials to social science and implementation research. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Tuberculosis is a disease relatively frequent in renal transplant patients, presenting a wide variety of clinical manifestations, often involving various organs and potentially fatal. (hindawi.com)
Intestinal tuberculosis has a very difficult investigational approach, requiring a high clinical suspicion for its diagnosis. (hindawi.com)
The authors report two cases of isolated gastro-intestinal tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients that illustrates the difficulty of making this diagnosis and a brief review of the literature on its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. (hindawi.com)

In 1962, isoniazid (INH) was demonstrated to be effective in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among household contacts of persons with TB disease ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
One third of the world's population is infected latently with M. tuberculosis and is potentially at the risk of developing an active disease 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
1. Tuberculosis (TB) has always been a communicable disease of major public health importance in the African Region. (who.int)
Although the proportion of drug resistant tuberculosis cases appears to be stable in the UK at present, more than one in 20 patients has drug resistant disease at diagnosis and more than one in 100 has multidrug resistant disease. (bmj.com)
Tuberculosis (TB), smoking, HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are burgeoning epidemics in developing countries. (ersjournals.com)
Potential interactions between tobacco smoking, HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with resultant pulmonary disability. (ersjournals.com)
Four types of opportunistic mycobacterial disease of humans have been described: skin lesions (following traumatic inoculation of bacteria), localized lymphadenitis, tuberculosis (TB)-like pulmonary lesions and disseminated disease [5]. (who.int)
Published in: Tuberculosis is a Fatal Disease among Some Developing Countries of the World , Vol. 3, No. 1 (6 February 2015): pp. 18-31. (uni-muenchen.de)
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious fatal disease mainly among the developing countries. (uni-muenchen.de)
5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, "Reported Tuberculosis in the United States" .2008. (uni-muenchen.de)
They help to explain the changing pattern of immunopathology in human tuberculosis of different ages, and correlation of these disease patterns with age-related changes in DHEAS levels. (ucl.ac.uk)
Knowledge of disease and treatment among tuberculosis patients in Mwanza, Tanzania. (ajtmh.org)
Confirming tuberculosis (TB) disease in suspects in resource limited settings is challenging and calls for the development of more suitable diagnostic tools. (biomedcentral.com)
The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease remains a challenge in resource-limited settings. (biomedcentral.com)
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of death worldwide and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has negatively impacted the global TB burden of disease indicators. (ersjournals.com)
Much of the disease burden in rural India is due to respiratory disorders, namely asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia 1 . (rrh.org.au)

The UK Mycobacterial Resistance Network (Mycobnet) collects information on all bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis where a culture has been submitted to one of the mycobacterial reference and regional centres nationwide. (bmj.com)

Although other more effective anti-tuberculosis drugs were developed in the following decades, the number of cases of TB in the United States began to rise again in the mid-1980s. (encyclopedia.com)
New paediatric, fixed-dose combination anti-tuberculosis treatments have recently been introduced in many countries, making the implementation of World Health Organisation (WHO)-revised dosing recommendations feasible. (biomedcentral.com)
SHINE is a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomised controlled, two-arm trial comparing a 4-month vs the standard 6-month regimen using revised WHO paediatric anti-tuberculosis drug doses. (biomedcentral.com)
Nested pharmacokinetic studies will evaluate anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations, providing model-based predictions for optimal dosing, and measure antiretroviral exposures in order to describe the drug-drug interactions in a subset of HIV-infected children. (biomedcentral.com)
The trial will also fill existing gaps in knowledge on dosing and acceptability of new anti-tuberculosis formulations and commonly used HIV drugs in settings with a high burden of TB. (biomedcentral.com)
WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. (who.int)

AIDS patients are much more likely to develop tuberculosis because of their weakened immune systems. (encyclopedia.com)

In patients with renal tuberculosis, treatment involves antitubercular drugs, with surgical excision as an adjunct to antitubercular therapy. (medscape.com)

Traditional methods for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) may require weeks, and delay can impede treatment and control efforts. (cdc.gov)
The net effect of this pattern of treatment was to separate the study of tuberculosis from mainstream medicine. (encyclopedia.com)
One team of public health experts in North Carolina maintains that treatment for tuberculosis is the most pressing health care need of recent immigrants to the United States. (encyclopedia.com)
In 1994, the Regional Committee for Africa adopted Resolution AFR/RC44/R6 to control tuberculosis in the Region and to show maximum commitment to implement the short-course treatment strategy and allocate sufficient national financial resources for TB control. (who.int)
Tuberculosis control measures should be strengthened to minimise the emergence of drug resistance through rapid diagnosis, rapid identification of drug resistance, supervised treatment, and maintenance of comprehensive surveillance. (bmj.com)
Evidence for tuberculosis treatment in children is largely extrapolated from adult studies. (biomedcentral.com)
A gender-focused qualitative study of barriers to accessing tuberculosis treatment in The Gambia, west Africa. (ajtmh.org)
How to further improve the level of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment has become an urgent problem to be solved [ 1 ] . (researchsquare.com)
When lung cancer is combined with tuberculosis at the same time, it increases the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, and is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed. (researchsquare.com)
Implementation fidelity of the Programmatic Management guidelines for the treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis was measured under the four domains of content, coverage, duration and frequency. (researchsquare.com)
2017 ). This increase in prevalence raises concerns about meeting up with the target of providing access to DR-TB diagnosis to all presumptive DR-TB cases and enrolling 100% of diagnosed DR-TB patients on appropriate treatment, towards ending Tuberculosis by 2035(Onyedum et al. (researchsquare.com)
What impact has COVID-19 had on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis? (lshtm.ac.uk)
Treatment of tuberculosis : guidelines for national programmes. (who.int)

This woman was admitted to isolation and started empirically on a 4-drug regimen in the ED. Tuberculosis was confirmed on sputum testing. (medscape.com)

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The diagnostic approach to tuberculosis (TB) has changed little since the era of Robert Koch, whose rapid diagnostic test for TB was bacilloscopy, which is insensitive and unspecific. (scielo.org.mx)

The specificity does not indicate the growth of M. tuberculosis from all MTD-positive specimens: trials included MTD-positive, culture-negative specimens from patients with other positive cultures, and there are other reports of test readings 'in the low range of positivity' with nontuberculous mycobacteria (2). (cdc.gov)
All imaging findings may be normal in patients with early genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) . (medscape.com)
It is known today that despite being diagnosed as microbiologically cured from TB, about 50% of patients still suffer from some form of pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis (PIAT), irrespective of smoking habits ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
The different environmental mycobacteria are very similar and for many years were mistakenly assumed to be M. tuberculosis in patients [1,2]. (who.int)
Endocrinological abnormalities have been observed in TB that may explain the tendency for patients to develop an inappropriate TH2 response to M. tuberculosis. (ucl.ac.uk)
Patients' beliefs: do they affect tuberculosis control? (ajtmh.org)
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, although rare in the general population, is about 50 times more frequent in renal transplant patients. (hindawi.com)
3 Based on TB notification systems, the information of registered TB patients is collated and compiled in annual reports of the Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR. (who.int)

The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal is high (34 cases per 100.000 inhabitants/year), corresponding to three times the average in Western Europe [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

The re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global health problem over the past two decades, accompanied by an increase in tuberculosis drug resistance, prompted the development of a comprehensive national surveillance system for tuberculosis drug resistance in 1993. (bmj.com)
3 In response to this problem and to help to inform public health policy, a system to monitor trends in drug resistant tuberculosis was developed in 1993 in the UK. (bmj.com)

The triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate declined from an all-time high of 193.5 per 100,000 total births in 1998 to 78.9 in 2022. (cdc.gov)

9] Daniel, T.M., "The Origins and Precolonial Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in the Americas: Can We Figure them Out? (uni-muenchen.de)

This document has been prepared to inform the Regional Committee on the situation and trend of the tuberculosis epidemic in the Region, and the need for urgent drastic action. (who.int)
In HIV hyperendemic sub-Saharan African communities, particularly in southern Africa, the likelihood of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of ending the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030 is low, due to lack of cost-effective and practical interventions in population settings. (nature.com)
Tuberculosis is also epidemic in China, causing a great economic burden. (researchsquare.com)

Among six samples with positive results in culture, one was identified by PCR-RFLP as belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex and one was identified as a non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. (scielo.br)

Tuberculosis control is a priority for the Ministry of Health policies in Brazil. (scielo.br)
The advent of HIV was a massive setback for the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB). (bmj.com)
11] Davis, A.L., "A Historical Perspective on Tuberculosis and its Control", In L.B. Reichman & E.S. Hershfield (Eds. (uni-muenchen.de)
The dynamics of tuberculosis in response to 10 years of intensive control effort in Peru. (ajtmh.org)
Gender and tuberculosis control: perspectives on health seeking behaviour among men and women in Vietnam. (ajtmh.org)
View of Is population ageing cancelling out progress made in tuberculosis control in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region SAR (China)? (who.int)
Is population ageing cancelling out progress made in tuberculosis control in Hong Kong SAR (China)? (who.int)
Li J, Nishikiori N, Leung CC, Yeoh E, Chung P. Is population ageing cancelling out progress made in tuberculosis control in Hong Kong SAR (China)? (who.int)
Global tuberculosis control : surveillance, planning, financing : WHO report 2004. (who.int)

Its objective was to create dispensaries and sanitariums, where they would perform treatments, medicalization and prophylaxis of tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)

The optimum dose level was identified and has since proved strongly protective in a model of murine tuberculosis that is used by collaborators in Mexico. (ucl.ac.uk)
The above data are discussed in relation to the immunological abnormalities that accompany human tuberculosis, and the effects of manipulating the AED/corticosterone balance in the murine tuberculosis model. (ucl.ac.uk)

This online archive of the CDC Prevention Guidelines Database is being maintained for historical purposes, and has had no new entries since October 1998. (cdc.gov)

M. tuberculosis can be grown in the laboratory. (wikipedia.org)

In some cases, the vulnerability of immigrants to tuberculosis is increased by occupational exposure, as a recent outbreak of TB among Mexican poultry farm workers in Delaware indicates. (encyclopedia.com)
Other public health experts are recommending tuberculosis screening at the primary care level of all new immigrants and refugees. (encyclopedia.com)

Intravenous urography (IVU) remains the primary modality for identification of renal, ureteric, and bladder tuberculosis, but findings of urinary tuberculosis are also detectable on ultrasonography, CT scanning, or MRI. (medscape.com)
Plain radiograph of the abdomen in a woman with renal tuberculosis shows calcification of varying patterns (curvilinear, amorphous, speckled). (medscape.com)
Excretory urography in a patient with renal tuberculosis shows an irregular cavity at the upper pole calyx of the right kidney. (medscape.com)
Lobar calcification in a large destroyed right kidney in a patient with renal tuberculosis. (medscape.com)

The previous URL of this page was https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/reducing-bovine-tuberculosis . (www.gov.uk)

Tuberculosis was fatal in half of the affected population, the result of poor living conditions of the urban middle classes who lived in crowded tenements common in the center of the Federal District in Rio de Janeiro. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms16

Diseases47

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment59

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Information Science6

Named Groups4

Health Care30

Geographicals20

Mycobacterium38

Pulmonary tuberculosis12

Infection15

World Health Organ3

Tuberculin skin1

Incidence6

Programme5

DIVISION OF TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINATION1

20001

19971

20011

19992

Beginning tuberculosis treatment1

Lung Disease1

Vaccine4

Infectious disease6

Genome4

Adults7

Extrapulmonary4

Mortality3

History of tuberculosis1

Strategies for tuberculosis1

Active Tuberculosis1

Lungs4

Strains1

Clinical7

Disease16

Mycobacterial1

Anti-tuberculosis6

AIDS1

Antitubercular1

Treatment13

Sputum1

Robert Koch2

Patients8

Prevalence1

19932

100,0001

Epidemiology1

Epidemic3

Mycobacteria1

Control9

Objective1

Murine2

Prevention1

Laboratory1

Immigrants2

Renal4

Https1

Fatal1