1997 human virus avian influenza influenza human. Medical search. Frequent questions

The avian influenza virus (H5N1), in Hong Kong, was the first known instance of the avian influenza virus being transmitted directly from birds to people and causing severe illness and death. (spacedaily.com)
However, in 1997 an avian influenza virus (H5N1) did infect both poultry and a few people in Hong Kong. (spacedaily.com)
That changed a few years ago with the 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong that later proved to be a form of AI that mutated and spread to cause human disease," he said. (spacedaily.com)
Humans have no immunity to this strain, which is more virulent than the 1997 version that killed six people in Hong Kong. (genengnews.com)
Interspecies transmission occurred again in Hong Kong SAR in February 2003, when H5N1 virus caused two human cases, one of which was fatal. (who.int)
Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the first confirmed human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997, sporadic zoonotic avian influenza viruses causing illness in humans have been identified globally, with the WHO Western Pacific Region as one of the hotspots. (who.int)
Update: isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans--Hong Kong, 1997-1998. (who.int)
Influenza A (H5N1) in Hong Kong: an overview. (who.int)
The chapter begins with a reconstruction of the descent of the virus that infected and killed humans in Thailand and Vietnam during the winter of 2003-2004 from the H5N1 virus first known to have infected humans (in Hong Kong in 1997). (nationalacademies.org)
and T.M. Ellis, K. Dyrting, W. Wong, P. Li, and C. Li of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation of Hong Kong for their support of field work, and W. Lim, for virus isolates. (nationalacademies.org)
In 1997, the H5N1 virus first infected humans during an outbreak among poultry in Hong Kong. (dailynewsegypt.com)
He is now working in Hong Kong as the Chair-Professor, Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, and Head of the Emerging Pathogens Group to study the epidemiology of influenza viruses in Hong Kong. (princemahidolaward.org)
An Avian H5N1 influenza virus, which was characterized in Hong Kong by professor Shortridge as the cause of the outbreak of influenza that resulted in over 6,000 deaths on three chicken farms in the New Territories of Hong Kong, transmitted directly to humans and caused high mortality. (princemahidolaward.org)
He organized an international task force to isolate and characterize the inflienza viruses in the live bird markets in Hong Kong. (princemahidolaward.org)
The emerging pathogens group at the University of Hong Kong, led by Prof. Shortridge, played a very major role in characterizing the viruses and working with the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control from Atlanta in making the decision to depopulate the poultry, which led to the control of disease and helped preventing a pandemic of H5N1 influenza in humans. (princemahidolaward.org)
Currently, killing and incinerating H5N1-infected birds has been the first line of defense since 1997 when H5N1 first showed up in very ill Hong Kong patients. (earthfiles.com)
A] team led by Dr Mohammed Madjid noted that last century a series of flu epidemics from Spain to Russia and Hong Kong had killed millions of people as the virus naturally mutated. (sourcewatch.org)
1999. The next influenza pandemic: Lessons from Hong Kong, 1997. (nationalacademies.org)
The first infection occurred in the year 1997 in Hong Kong. (medicoverhospitals.in)
The origins of the most recent pandemics are quite similar: viruses containing a combination of human and avian influenza viruses caused both the Hong Kong flu of 1968 to 1969 and the Asian flu of 1957 to 1958. (voanews.com)
Hong Kong in 1997, when the H5N1 strain involving transmission from an ill child caused severe respiratory disease in 18 to her mother and aunt [ 10 ] and several humans, of whom 6 died [ 5 ]. (who.int)
The first outbreak of human infection with the avian influenza (H5N1) virus and it was observed in Hong Kong in 1997. (timestechpharma.com)
After an outbreak of A(H5N1) virus in 1997 in poultry in Hong Kong SAR, China, since 2003, this avian and other influenza viruses have spread from Asia to Europe and Africa. (niangzao.biz)
Human infection of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus was first reported in Hong Kong in 1997, causing six deaths [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Almost always, because in Hong Kong (1997) and Vietnam (2004) there were cases of person-to-person transmission. (pravda.ru)
That assumption was shattered in 1997, when an avian influenza, H5N1, jumped species in Hong Kong and infected 18 people, killing six of them. (newsbharati.net)
During 1997, an H5N1 avian influenza virus was determined to be the cause of death in 6 of 18 infected patients in Hong Kong. (mitokor.com)
The H5N1 virus was first identified in Hong Kong in 1997 where it infected 18 people and caused six deaths. (who.int)
A review of scientific literature suggests that the pathway for the transmission of the dreaded H5N1 influenza, for instance, which did kill people in Hong Kong in 1997 was traced to minor poultry markets, which included pigeons. (citizenmatters.in)
An outbreak occurred in 1997 in Hong Kong but did not spread. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

The pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans has not been clearly elucidated. (cdc.gov)
Our data suggest that apoptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans by destroying alveolar epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
This pathogenesis causes pneumonia and destroys leukocytes, leading to leukopenia, which is a prominent clinical feature of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans. (cdc.gov)
The pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans is not well understood. (cdc.gov)
Infection with virulent influenza (H5N1) virus was also shown to induce lymphopenia and lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
However, whether and to what extent apoptosis contributes to the highly virulence property of influenza (H5N1) viruses are not clear. (cdc.gov)
Respiratory secretions were then sent to national laboratories and confirmed positive for influenza (H5N1) virus. (cdc.gov)
A small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified since 2022, despite the panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry. (cdc.gov)
Nearly all reported human cases since 2022 were associated with poultry exposures, and no cases of mammal-to-human or human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus have been identified. (cdc.gov)
In a few cases, the source of exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) virus was unknown. (cdc.gov)
To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, the current risk to the public from HPAI A(H5N1) viruses remains low. (cdc.gov)
However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
H5 candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) produced by CDC are expected to provide good protection against current clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in birds and mammals. (cdc.gov)
Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses to identify changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)
To date, few changes in HPAI A(H5N1) viruses of public health concern have been identified and such changes have differed between various HPAI A(H5N1) viruses circulating in wild birds and poultry worldwide or that have sporadically infected humans. (cdc.gov)
Comprehensive surveillance and readiness efforts are ongoing, and CDC continually takes preparedness measures to be ready in case the risk to people from HPAI A(H5N1) or other novel influenza A viruses changes. (cdc.gov)
Since 2005, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have undergone extensive genetic diversification including the formation of hundreds of genotypes following reassortment with other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1,2 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird infections (in terrestrial, seabird, shorebird, and migratory species) and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 3-8 ]. (cdc.gov)
Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)
Over 17,000 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 80 member countries to the World Organisation for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analysis HA and NA genes showed that they share a common ancestor Qa/HK/G1/97 isolate which had contributed internal genes of H5N1 virus. (scialert.net)
From the Interior, to the Fraser Valley and Vancouver Island, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has identified high-pathogenic strains (HPAI) of H5N1 - the most deadly variety of avian influenza or "bird flu"- in 42 B.C. flocks. (prpeak.com)
H5N1 infection in humans can cause severe disease and has a high mortality rate," states the WHO. (prpeak.com)
If the H5N1 virus were to change and become easily transmissible from person to person while retaining its capacity to cause severe disease, the consequences for public health could be very serious. (prpeak.com)
The H5N1 outbreaks among poultry in Asia have been associated with human cases in Thailand and Vietnam. (thepoultrysite.com)
There is no epidemiologic link between the H5N1 virus in Asia and the H5N2 virus in Texas. (thepoultrysite.com)
Since its first detection in 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has devastated the poultry industry of numerous countries of the Eastern Hemisphere. (flutrackers.com)
As of January 2012, HPAI H5N1 virus caused 577 laboratory-confirmed human cases of infection, of which 340 were fatal. (flutrackers.com)
As the influenza season approaches, health officials remain concerned about the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
So far, however, only one human-to-human transmission of the H5N1 virus (in Thailand) has been documented. (genengnews.com)
Vaccine manufacturers are well-along in developing vaccines to combat the H5N1 strain of avian flu. (genengnews.com)
The NIAID began a Phase I trial for vaccines combating the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which was isolated from the virus that erupted in Southeast Asia in 2004. (genengnews.com)
So far, the NIH has ordered 8,000 investigational doses based on the H5N1 virus from Sanofi Pasteur , and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has ordered two million doses of bulk vaccine. (genengnews.com)
These studies also demonstrated, for the first time, that the H5N1 strain can infect humans directly without prior adaptation in a mammalian host. (who.int)
18 cases, six of them fatal, coincided with outbreaks of infection due to highly pathogenic H5N1 virus in domestic poultry on farms and in live markets. (who.int)
Since the first avian influenza outbreak, in 1997, there has been concern that the influenza A (H5N1) virus might either mutate and adapt to allow efficient transmission during the infection of mammals or reassort its gene segments with human influenza viruses during the coinfection of a single host, resulting in a new virus that would be both highly lethal and transmissible from person to person. (juicing-for-health.com)
Several lines of evidence indicate that the currently circulating influenza A (H5N1) viruses have in fact evolved to more virulent forms since 1997, with a higher mortality among human cases, different antigenic properties, a different internal gene constellation,and an expanded host range. (juicing-for-health.com)
However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
From November 2003, when a resurgence of H5N1 virus activity in humans and animals occurred, through September 2017, 1,838 human infections with avian influenza viruses in the region were reported to WHO. (who.int)
The vast majority of infections were with H7N9 (n=1,562) and H5N1 (n=238) viruses, and most (n=1583, 86%) were reported from December through April. (who.int)
Timing of influenza A(H5N1) in poultry and humans and seasonal influenza activity worldwide, 2004-2013. (who.int)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
As of 31 March 2015, H5N1 virus caused at least 826 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 440 deaths across 16 countries 2 . (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
Then, even more alarmingly, 34 human cases of H5N1 avian influenza-a highly pathogenic flu that has ravaged poultry stocks in several Asian countries-were confirmed in Thailand and Vietnam. (nationalacademies.org)
These findings indicate that domestic ducks in southern China played a central role in the generation and maintenance of H5N1 and that wild birds spread the virus across Asia, to the point where it is now endemic in the region-an ecological niche from which it now presents a long-term pandemic threat to humans. (nationalacademies.org)
A preparedness plan for avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection was activated in Lebanon in 2016 after reported cases in poultry. (blogspot.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus has caused ≈1,000 human infections since the first case was reported in 1997 (overall case-fatality rate 54%) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
In Lebanon, no cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus were reported in poultry or humans before 2016. (blogspot.com)
On April 20, 2016, the Lebanonese Ministry of Agriculture confirmed the presence of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus on 2 poultry farms in Nabi Chit village located in the Bekaa region, adjacent to the border of Lebanon with Syria. (blogspot.com)
The only subtypes known to be able to cross the species barrier to humans are H5N1 and H7N9. (dailynewsegypt.com)
In 1997, H5N1 avian influenza virus emerged from chicken farms to infect humans, with a 40-60 percent death rate. (sentientmedia.org)
Nevertheless, there are four strains that have caused concern in recent years: H5N1 (since 1997), H7N9 (since 2013), H5N6 (since 2014), and H5N8 (since 2016). (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
Although H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6 strains do not easily spread from human to human, several people have been infected worldwide, resulting in numerous fatalities. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
H5N1 Avian Flu Has Infected 21st Person in Thailand. (earthfiles.com)
The H5N1 avian flu virus has mutated into a more dangerous form that could breed more effectively in mammals. (earthfiles.com)
Early 1997 strain of H5N1 avian influenza virus shows golden-brown in this electron micrograph. (earthfiles.com)
There have been eight H5N1 outbreaks in china so far, but so far no human cases have been reported. (earthfiles.com)
But even though killing and incinerating infected birds has been standard operating procedure for nearly ten years, the H5N1 virus has continued to spread through migratory birds. (earthfiles.com)
Between November 1st and 2nd in Russia, two more birds died from H5N1, bringing the total in that country to more than 4,000 bird deaths - either from the H5N1 virus or slaughtering. (earthfiles.com)
Now scientists in Vietnam, where bird flu has killed 42 people, report their investigation shows the H5N1 avian flu virus has "mutated into a more dangerous form that could breed more effectively in mammals. (earthfiles.com)
Cao Bao Van, Director of the Molecule Biology Department of the Pasteur Institute, which is Vietnam's bird flu research center, reported this weekend that DNA analysis of 24 samples of the H5N1 virus taken from poultry and humans showed significant changes of the deadly virus's surface proteins, known as "antigen variation. (earthfiles.com)
So far, the H5N1 virus mutations have not made it possible for the virus to spread in human sneezing and coughing. (earthfiles.com)
Recently scientists announced that the 1918 virus also originated in birds and has similarities to the H5N1 now spreading through migratory birds. (earthfiles.com)
Increased monitoring for H5N1 illness in humans. (earthfiles.com)
Stockpiling anti-virals and vaccines that might work against the H5N1 virus. (earthfiles.com)
Since its discovery in the late 1990s, the avian flu virus, or H5N1, has infected at least 100 people, more than half of whom have died. (sourcewatch.org)
To date, roughly 103 people have been infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus--or bird flu. (sourcewatch.org)
H5N1 is said to be a deadly virus for birds and this can easily affect humans and animals who come in contact with a carrier. (medicoverhospitals.in)
According to WHO, H5N1 was discovered in the year 1997 and has killed nearly about 60% who got infected. (medicoverhospitals.in)
There are various forms of bird flu but H5N1 is the first avian influenza virus which infects humans. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Birds who are infected with H5N1 continue to release the virus in the form of the virus in feces and saliva for 10 days. (medicoverhospitals.in)
H5N1 has a high death rate than the other influenza virus. (medicoverhospitals.in)
WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines for pharmacological management of sporadic human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. (medscape.com)
Peiris JS, de Jong MD, Guan Y. Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health. (medscape.com)
Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. (medscape.com)
Influenza A H5N1 replication sites in humans. (medscape.com)
Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease. (medscape.com)
pandemic is a great public health concern, Of the 15 avian influenza virus subtypes, and for this reason our study set out to H5N1 is of particular concern for several answer some important questions related reasons: it mutates rapidly and has a docu- to present knowledge and concerns about mented propensity to acquire genes from avian influenza in one city in Saudi Arabia. (who.int)
In fact, the epidemic of H5N1 avian influenza poses a real pandemic threat to a variety of species, including humans. (timestechpharma.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 infects humans with a high fatality rate and has pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used a mouse model pre-exposed to an H1N1 influenza virus and evaluated the protective ability provided by a single dose of DNA vaccines encoding conserved H5N1 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Six weeks later, the mice were immunized with plasmid DNA expressing H5N1 virus NP or M1, or with combination of the two plasmids. (biomedcentral.com)
Six weeks after the vaccination, the mice were challenged with a lethal dose of H5N1 influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The results showed that pre-exposure to H1N1 virus could offer mice partial protection against lethal H5N1 challenge and that single-dose injection with NP DNA or NP + M1 DNAs provided significantly improved protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice pre-exposed to H1N1 virus, as compared with those in unexposed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-existing immunity against seasonal influenza viruses is useful in offering protection against H5N1 infection. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA vaccination may be a quick and effective strategy for persons innaive to influenza A virus during H5N1 pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
Since then, human cases of H5N1 virus infection have been continually laboratory-confirmed in many countries, with approximately 60% death rate [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Probable limited human-to-human spread of H5N1 subtype virus is believed to have occurred as a result of prolonged and very close contact [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Owing to the universal lack of pre-existing immunity to H5N1 virus in the population, pandemic caused by the virus may outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccines have been proved to be effective in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the virus in clinic trials, but proved to have poor immunogenicity [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Novel strategies, including DNA vaccines, should be developed to cope with the H5N1 influenza virus that may cause potential pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
The memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection could not provide adequate protection, but could alleviate symptoms of influenza H5N1 virus infection [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, a single dose of vaccination with NP, M1 or NP + M1 DNAs from A/chicken/Henan/12/2004(H5N1) virus strain was evaluated in mice pre-exposed to A/PR8(H1N1) virus, which showed that DNA vaccination might be a quick and effective strategy against H5N1 infection in individuals innaive to influenza A virus. (biomedcentral.com)
The ELISA method was used to detect the anti-H1N1 IgG Ab titers, while the HI assay to detect HI Ab titers against either H1N1 or H5N1 influenza viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
However, in 2003 and 2004, H5N1 infections in humans reappeared, and occasional cases continue to be reported, primarily in Asia and the Middle East. (msdmanuals.com)
About a decade ago, scientists and public health officials feared that we might be on the brink of a pandemic caused by the so-called avian or bird H5N1 flu that began circulating among poultry, ducks, and geese in Asia and spread to Europe and Africa. (bcm.edu)
Unlike the avian H5N1 flu, the H1N1 swine flu is capable of being transmitted easily from person to person. (bcm.edu)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
It is back and the worse news is that a mutant strain has been detected of the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. (pravda.ru)
H5N1 has an average mortality rate of 58% in humans, making it a highly pathogenic disease. (pravda.ru)
This does not mean, however, that a human version of H5N1 would have the same highly pathogenic characteristics of the strain which is essentially Avian or Bird Flu. (pravda.ru)
This global legal framework includes fl uenza virus (H5N1) in poultry fl ocks of Asian countries, a commitment from the World Health Organization (WHO) and from each WHO member state to improve capacity for and the spread of the virus across Europe and into Africa, disease prevention, detection, and response. (cdc.gov)
The news of what was in the sample percolated through a pyramid of agencies, and on January 14 the US Department of Agriculture revealed why it had attracted so much scrutiny: The South Carolina duck was carrying the Asian strain of H5N1 avian influenza, the first sighting of that pathogen in the continental US in years. (newsbharati.net)
Although it has been known that cleavage site and glycosylation patterns of the HA protein play important roles in determining the pathogenicity of H5 avian influenza viruses, it has only recently been shown that an additional glycosylation site within the globular head of the neuraminidase protein also contributes to the high virulence of the H5N1 virus. (mitokor.com)
Virus isolated from a human infected with the H5N1 strain in 1997 could bind to oligosaccharides from human as well as avian sources, indicating its species-jumping ability. (mitokor.com)
No other human cases of an H5 virus - a group of viruses including H5N1 that have devastated millions of US birds and continue to impact the poultry industry - have been reported in the US. (globaltechcio.com)
But the current group of H5 viruses, specifically the current H5N1 circulating among birds, aren't thought to have the necessary mutations needed to spread easily between humans and pose a public health risk, the CDC said. (globaltechcio.com)
So far, the CDC says, the current bird flu H5N1 virus lacks the mutations necessary to spread to people easily, and it may also lack the changes that have caused severe illness in people in the past. (globaltechcio.com)
The predominant bird flu virus in the world is H5N1, according to the CDC. (globaltechcio.com)
Since 2003, more than 880 human cases of earlier strains of H5N1 have been reported in humans. (globaltechcio.com)
While human cases remain rare, about half of previous H5N1 human infections have resulted in death, the CDC said. (globaltechcio.com)
Importantly, the only two reported human cases linked to the current H5N1 strain (one in the UK, and now one in the US) have been mild or asymptomatic. (globaltechcio.com)
2. With the confirmation of avian influenza in some countries of the African Region early this year, the risk of human infection due to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 will persist, as will the threats of occurrence of an influenza pandemic. (who.int)
So far, the majority of the human H5N1 (haemagluttinin type 5 and neuraminidase subtype 1) infections have been linked to close contact with infected domestic birds during home slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering and preparation for cooking. (who.int)
The presence of the H5N1 virus in Africa is of great concern to human and animal health due to several factors requiring urgent action by Member States. (who.int)
The number of humans infected by H5N1 is increasing. (who.int)
This is very well documented in a paper entitled "Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1): a Threat to Human Health" by J. S. Malik Peiris and others published in the Clinical Microbiology Reviews, a widely respected journal of American Society of Microbiologists. (citizenmatters.in)
What makes the current Avian Influenza Virus A strain problematic for humans is that we have not developed any natural immunity to the H5N1 variety whereas we have to the other viral strains. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)
With the H5N1 variety, such a protective mechanism isn't present because it normally does not reside in the human population and a measure of immunity doesn't occur. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)
Actualización sobre el virus la influenza aviar A (H5N1) en los seres humanos. (cdc.gov)
Effectiveness of antiviral treatment in human influenza A(H5N1) infections: analysis of a Global Patient Registry. (cdc.gov)

The state of Texas has reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N2) among poultry on one farm in Gonzales County, in south-central Texas. (thepoultrysite.com)
This is the first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the United States in 20 years and was detected by routine state monitoring for avian influenza. (thepoultrysite.com)
CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are working with the Texas Department of Health and the Texas Animal Health Commission on both the human health and animal/veterinary aspects to contain this outbreak in poultry and minimize risk to humans. (thepoultrysite.com)
The health risk to humans from the H5N2 influenza outbreak in Texas is considered low at this time. (thepoultrysite.com)
Health experts say an avian flu outbreak would most closely resemble that pandemic. (genengnews.com)
There is a large flock in Pennsylvania, and contingency flocks in remote areas to minimize chances that an avian flu outbreak in the flock would decimate egg production, Matthews says. (genengnews.com)
The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in 2019 had rapidly developed into a global pandemic, causing more than 6.8 million deaths and impacting the. (annals.edu.sg)
Investigations launched by that outbreak, including studies in molecular biology and epidemiology, helped elucidate the mechanisms by which pandemic viruses emerge and further clarified the conditions that favour such an event. (who.int)
The purpose of the plan was early detection and containment of any influenza outbreak caused by this virus and to ensure good coordination between public health sectors and ministries (agriculture, health, interior, and environment), the national influenza center, and laboratories ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
In 2014, the US also reported an outbreak of the virus. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Epidemiology, production losses, and control measures associated with an outbreak of avian influenza subtype H7N2 in Pennsylvania (1996-98). (nationalacademies.org)
Dr. Fauci says indications are the vaccine could protect human populations if the current bird flu outbreak becomes a pandemic, something health experts and government officials fear may be looming. (voanews.com)
The outbreak of this virus poses a major risk for these species as they are difficult to contain and thus they increase the chances of the virus to get into people. (timestechpharma.com)
In early 2013, an extensive outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in humans occurred in several provinces of southeastern China. (msdmanuals.com)
Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
Before Covid arrived, avian flu was considered the disease most likely to cause a transnational outbreak. (newsbharati.net)
Ebola virus disease outbreak occurred in 2014 in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone, Monkeypox virus in Nigeria in 2017 and most recently Lassa virus in Nigeria, Togo and Benin in 2018. (bvsalud.org)

Continued comprehensive surveillance of these viruses in wild birds, poultry, mammals, and people worldwide, and frequent reassessments are critical to determine the public health risk, along with ongoing preparedness efforts. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry farms with history of respiratory illness and increased mortality. (scialert.net)
H9N2 viruses circulate widely in the Middle East and are associated with serious disease in poultry. (scialert.net)
The seven commercial Fraser Valley poultry farms hit with the virus since Nov. 16 have come under "intense disease pressure," said B.C. Minister of Agriculture Lana Popham. (prpeak.com)
US - Interim Recommendations for Persons with Possible Exposure to Avian Influenza During Outbreaks Among Poultry in the US. (thepoultrysite.com)
Outbreaks of avian influenza A occur among U.S. poultry flocks from time to time. (thepoultrysite.com)
It is believed that most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces. (thepoultrysite.com)
Because it is possible that avian influenza could be transmitted to humans, CDC is issuing the following interim U.S. guidance for 1) individuals who may be exposed to avian influenza, 2) health-care professionals, and 3) consumers of poultry. (thepoultrysite.com)
Additionally, food safety information for consumers is provided to address concerns surrounding avian influenza outbreaks and poultry. (thepoultrysite.com)
The viruses usually are not a problem in these wild birds, but they can be a problem in domestic poultry. (spacedaily.com)
Worldwide, there are many strains of the avian influenza virus that cause varying degrees of illness in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
The problem develops when those viruses mutate into highly pathogenic viruses and cause severe losses in poultry. (spacedaily.com)
Typically, avian influenza viruses that affect poultry and other birds do not affect people. (spacedaily.com)
The majority of the human cases have happened with people that were closely associated with affected poultry. (spacedaily.com)
Regarding avian influenza, the best method of prevention is what is known as biosecurity, or monitoring and controlling disease in the poultry population before it becomes dangerous to humans. (spacedaily.com)
Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (LPMWs) and local community residents (CRs) to face the challenges of LPAI and HPAI is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. (biomedcentral.com)
This was quite different from the avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in Europe and Africa, which occurred mostly in poultry farms where migratory birds played an important role [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Direct or indirect contact with diseased poultry is the primary route of HPAIV infections in humans 3 . (nature.com)
Although no cases have been reported in Syria, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is concerned about circulation of this virus because of extensive poultry production in Syria and the low biosecurity along its border with Iraq ( 6 ). (blogspot.com)
Authorities in southern Germany have discovered the H5N2 bird flu virus on a poultry farm. (dailynewsegypt.com)
It can spread easily among domestic poultry like chicken and turkeys and if they contract more serious forms of the virus most animals will die of bird flu. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Such cases might occurr in people who had contact with sick or dead poultry that were infected with these viruses. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Avian influenza is a virus that can infect birds, including poultry, pigeons, and wild or migratory birds like ducks. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
WHO has taken several steps toward by the same strain, in Hong Kong's poultry global pandemic influenza planning, includ- population [ 2,5 ]. (who.int)
A deadly and highly infectious virus, known as the bird flu or avian influenza has infected millions of poultry bird species around the world. (timestechpharma.com)
Such viruses cause severe diseases and also a lot of poultry and non-poultry birds die due to it. (timestechpharma.com)
Viruses are also transmitted between pigs and humans, and from poultry to humans. (powershow.com)
Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Human-to-human transmission is limited, most cases are acquired from animals, typically poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
The good news is that to date there is no such evidence, because human-to-human transmission is very rare and is almost always associated to people living together around infected poultry. (pravda.ru)
The virus in all three was what is known as highly pathogenic-meaning it could cause fast-moving, fatal disease in other bird species, such as poultry, though it was not making the ducks ill. (newsbharati.net)
6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X is the common receptor determinant recognized by H5, H6, H7 and H9 influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry. (expasy.org)

Regional analyses of human infections with avian influenza subtypes revealed distinct patterns and variations in epidemiology across countries, age, and time. (who.int)
Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
Avian flu outbreaks caused by non-human infecting subtypes occur quite often. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes on the basis of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Three subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1, H2 and H3) and two subtypes of neuraminidase (N1 and N2) are recognized among influenza A viruses that have caused widespread human disease. (canada.ca)
Infection with a virus of one subtype confers little or no protection against viruses of other subtypes. (canada.ca)
Seasonal influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 have globally circulated in humans for a few decades. (biomedcentral.com)
Most subtypes of avian influenza that have caused human infections are H5, H7, and H9 viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Type A influenza is classified into subtypes depending on which versions of two different proteins are present on the surface of the virus. (bcm.edu)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
These subtypes are classified based on the combination of the virus coat glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. (mitokor.com)
There are many different subtypes of type A flu viruses. (infectioncycle.com)
These subtypes differ because of certain proteins on the surface of the flu A virus (hemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase [NA] proteins). (infectioncycle.com)
There are 16 different HA subtypes and 9 different NA subtypes of flu A viruses. (infectioncycle.com)
All subtypes of flu A viruses can be found in birds. (infectioncycle.com)
However, when we talk about "bird flu" viruses, we are referring to those flu A subtypes that continue to occur mainly in birds. (infectioncycle.com)
When we talk about "human flu viruses" we are referring to those subtypes that occur widely in humans. (infectioncycle.com)

Such is the case with avian influenza, more commonly known as bird flu. (spacedaily.com)
Avian influenza - also called bird flu or fowl plague - is a viral disease that infects birds, especially wild geese and ducks. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Which viruses cause bird flu? (dailynewsegypt.com)
But any influenza A virus may cause bird flu - it only has to adapt itself to birds as a host. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Can bird flu viruses infect humans? (dailynewsegypt.com)
There are many different strains of bird flu viruses, but most of them do not pose any threat to humans. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
According to reliable data and information from Gov.co.uk , Birds infected with the most serious strain of bird flu, called highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), usually show some (or all) of the following signs. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
Tragically there have been some cases here in the UK where confirmed cases of bird flu has been found on the sites of rescue centres, which has resulted in all (if not most) animals being culled onsite to reduce the risk of spreading the virus. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
Not only is the latest bird flu virus more virulent in lab animal tests, it seems to be increasing its virulence among wild water birds. (earthfiles.com)
But such surface protein changes can lead to human-to-human transmission of the bird flu virus, similar to what happened in 1918 when the Spanish Flu killed more than 50 million people around the planet. (earthfiles.com)
New research shows that this bird flu currently lacks the protein key to unlock certain cells in the human upper respiratory tract, preventing it from spreading via a sneeze or a cough. (sourcewatch.org)
The so called bird flu, the chicken disease that has killed a wopping 59 people in the world, the disease that cannot (and will not) be transmitted from human to human, but is going to sweep the world. (sourcewatch.org)
The European Union has declared the spread of bird flu from Asia into the EU as a global threat requiring international cooperation, saying western Europe is ill prepared to deal with an influenza emergency. (sourcewatch.org)
Bird Flu is also popularly known as Avian Influenza. (medicoverhospitals.in)
If a person is exposed to bird flu, then the health condition and treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the type of influenza virus that is causing it. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Bird flu is marked in birds and which is caused due to Influenza Type A viruses. (medicoverhospitals.in)
U.S. researchers have announced they have developed an experimental vaccine for the avian, or bird, flu virus. (voanews.com)
The big fear is that the more people who are exposed to it, the greater chance that an individual will simultaneously have the bird flu and a human flu. (voanews.com)
Avian influenza or Bird Flu is an infectious disease caused by the avian influenza viruses that belong to various types A, B, and C. Type A avian influenza virus is most commonly associated with avian influenza pandemic. (timestechpharma.com)
Bird flu, or avian flu,is an infectious type of influenza that spreads among birds. (zana.com)
There are many different strains of bird flu virus, most of which don't infect humans. (zana.com)
Other bird flu viruses particularly H7N7 and H9N2, and more recently H6N1, H10N8 and H5N6have also infected people, butthese have been very rare or onlyrarely caused severe illness. (zana.com)
No humans have been infected with bird flu in the UK, although plans are in place to manage any suspected cases. (zana.com)
People with suspected symptoms of bird flu (avian flu) will be advised to stay at home, or will be cared for in hospital in isolation from other patients. (zana.com)
These medications may also be given as a preventative measure to people who could have been exposed to bird flu viruses for example, other household members, healthcare workers, or people who have had close contact with infected birds. (zana.com)
There are a number of different strains of the bird flu virus, however, most of them do not affect humans. (the-sun.com)
A man in Colorado tested positive for a bird flu virus, also called avian influenza, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment reported Thursday, marking the first human case in the US of an H5 virus. (globaltechcio.com)
While human cases of bird flu are rare, working directly with birds increases a person's risk of illness. (globaltechcio.com)
In December 2021, the UK reported one asymptomatic human case of bird flu caused by an H5 virus in a person who had exposure to infected birds. (globaltechcio.com)
Here's what to know about bird flu, or avian influenza. (globaltechcio.com)
The bird flu, aka avian influenza, is the disease caused by infection with influenza type A viruses. (globaltechcio.com)
The bird flu was first detected and controlled in 1997, but reemerged in 2003 and started spreading widely among birds. (globaltechcio.com)
Influenza viruses that cause the bird flu are either "low pathogenic" or "highly pathogenic. (globaltechcio.com)
What Is Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)? (infectioncycle.com)
Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. (infectioncycle.com)
Bird flu viruses do not usually infect humans, but several cases of human infection with bird flu viruses have occurred since 1997. (infectioncycle.com)
It claimed that if bird flu (avian flu) triggered the next pandemic, the virus would likely originate in Asia. (infectioncycle.com)
What Are The Symptoms Of Bird Flu In Humans? (infectioncycle.com)
Symptoms of bird flu in humans have ranged from typical flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches) to eye infections, pneumonia, severe respiratory diseases (such as acute respiratory distress), and other severe and life-threatening complications. (infectioncycle.com)
The symptoms of bird flu may depend on which virus caused the infection. (infectioncycle.com)
It presents information on the infection of avian influenza (bird flu) in humans, the instances of infection since 1997, symptoms and antiviral agents. (bvs.br)

The H5N2 strain in Texas is a different subtype of influenza A than the virus affecting parts of Asia. (thepoultrysite.com)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
Now, medical and veterinary experts believe for a true new pandemic to develop, it would take an entirely new human influenza subtype to emerge, one to which people have never been exposed and to which they would not have immunity. (spacedaily.com)
The H7N9 subtype first infected humans in China in March 2013. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Human influenza infection has several modes, such as inhalation, direct or indirect contact, ranging from mild to severe or fatal, depending on the subtype of the virus that causes the disease. (timestechpharma.com)
All cases of human infection with an influenza A subtype other than H1 or H3 must be reported. (msdmanuals.com)
So, for example, a virus with version 1 of the HA protein and version 2 of the NA protein would be called influenza A subtype H1N2 (A H1N2, for short). (bcm.edu)
An influenza pandemic occurs when there is emergence of a new subtype that has not previously circulated in humans. (who.int)

In the United States, USDA APHIS monitors for avian influenza viruses in wild, commercial, and backyard birds. (cdc.gov)
Christmas dinner in British Columbia could look a little different this year as nearly two dozen farms across the province slaughter hundreds of thousands of birds in an attempt to contain the avian influenza virus. (prpeak.com)
The outbreaks in Chilliwack and Abbotsford come out of step with the seasonal migration of wild birds, which have been found to carry and pass on the virus to domestic flocks. (prpeak.com)
The virus this year is different than we've ever seen in the past and it is behaving differently in both wild birds and domestic birds,' said Brittain. (prpeak.com)
In the same way that many humans pull through an annual bout of the flu, many strains of the avian varieties rarely cause more than the sniffles, lethargy or fever in birds. (prpeak.com)
CFIA says there have been no cases of wild birds passing the virus to humans in Canada, but transmission from pet birds to humans is still a risk. (prpeak.com)
Preliminary testing of birds at two of these markets found evidence of avian influenza. (thepoultrysite.com)
Avian Flu: Tangible Threat Or Just For The Birds? (spacedaily.com)
In birds, highly pathogenic avian influenza is an extremely contagious and aggressive disease that causes rapid systemic illness and death in susceptible birds. (who.int)
Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds. (who.int)
Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
Tens of millions of birds died of influenza and hundreds of millions were culled to protect humans. (nationalacademies.org)
This virus caused the deaths of 20,000 domestic birds. (blogspot.com)
The isolated virus (clade 2.3.2.1c) was similar to that detected in wild and domestic birds in Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey during January−March 2015 ( 6 ). (blogspot.com)
Avian flu, is a highly contagious type of influenza that mainly affects birds. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
But what worries authorities is the virus's persistence and increasing virulence, killing infected birds within 24 hours and killing some humans within five days who have picked up the virus from birds. (earthfiles.com)
Since 1997, avian flu strains seem to have infected thousands of birds in 11 countries. (sourcewatch.org)
It's a viral infection which will not only infect birds but also this virus can infect humans and other animals. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Most of the viruses are restricted to birds. (medicoverhospitals.in)
The avian flu has primarily affected birds in Asia, but it has the potential to spread to humans across the globe, and could kill millions of people. (voanews.com)
Studies at the ge- form of a pandemic among birds, many netic level further determined that the virus countries have been affected and there is had been transmitted directly from birds to some evidence of alarm and panic affecting humans. (who.int)
The main concern among scientists is the unprecedented spread of the virus in wild birds. (timestechpharma.com)
According to reports, the virus is spreading faster among wild birds and they act as carriers for the virus across the world. (timestechpharma.com)
Birds are the natural hosts for avian influenza viruses . (niangzao.biz)
Just like birds and pigs, other animals such as horses and dogs, can be infected with their own influenza viruses (canine influenza viruses, equine influenza viruses, etc. (niangzao.biz)
Influenza B and C are human viruses do not infect birds. (powershow.com)
Wild aquatic birds are the main reservoir of influenza A viruses. (powershow.com)
This is because H5N8 infection was not found in humans during the recent worldwide epidemic among birds. (zana.com)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
a few affect humans, but almost all of them can infect birds. (newsbharati.net)
Lesson Three: Avian flu can be dangerous to people, but it threatens some birds too. (newsbharati.net)
An Avian Influenza Prevention Zone was declared across the UK on November 3 before being extended on November 29 with the added requirement all captive birds had to be kept indoors. (the-sun.com)
The birds migrate to the north of Russia over the summer and mix with other birds and other global flight pathways there and they exchange the viruses. (the-sun.com)
The CDC said it's also possible this human case was a result of "surface contamination of the nasal membrane," rather than an actual avian influenza infection, since the affected man was working directly with sick birds and reported mild to no symptoms. (globaltechcio.com)
The case in China, also, was in a young child who had direct contact with birds and officials believe risk of further spread between humans remains low. (globaltechcio.com)
These viruses can circulate among birds around the world and have infected humans in rare cases, mostly those who work directly with infected birds. (globaltechcio.com)
Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of the influenza virus. (who.int)
Wild birds all over the world carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. (infectioncycle.com)
it is likely that some genetic parts of current human flu A viruses came from birds originally. (infectioncycle.com)
Infected birds shed flu virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. (infectioncycle.com)
It is also widely reported that avian influenza strains are endemic in wild birds, especially in Asia. (citizenmatters.in)
The Avian Influenza Virus A that is being discussed in the press is a strain of influenza virus found primarily in birds and not normally seen in humans. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)
Presently the Avian Flu is only transmissible from birds to birds and now birds to humans. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

Influenza A viruses have predominated overall, with both influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) circulating. (canada.ca)
SPF BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with A/PR8 (H1N1) virus beforehand. (biomedcentral.com)
Sera were collected and pooled from mice infected with A/PR8 (H1N1) influenza virus six weeks before. (biomedcentral.com)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
The global community narrowly avoided wasting pandemics in 1997 with avian influenza, in 2002 and 2003 with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and again in 2009 and 2010 with H1N1 influenza. (sciencehistory.org)
The H1N1 virus (swine flu) is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. (medlineplus.gov)
It is caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. (medlineplus.gov)
Earlier forms of the H1N1 virus were found in pigs (swine). (medlineplus.gov)
H1N1 is a new virus first detected in humans in 2009. (medlineplus.gov)
The H1N1 virus is now considered a regular flu virus. (medlineplus.gov)
You cannot get H1N1 flu virus from eating pork or any other food, drinking water, swimming in pools, or using hot tubs or saunas. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of H1N1 influenza are similar to that for the flu in general . (medlineplus.gov)
Enteric absorption and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. (cdc.gov)
Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. (cdc.gov)
Rapid-test sensitivity for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. (cdc.gov)

University of Arkansas professor Dustan Clark, a veterinarian, participates in an avian influenza advisory group that meets regularly to assess developments and potential threats, and offers these reminders to those concerned about potential flu pandemics. (spacedaily.com)
Although the timing cannot be predicted, influenza pandemics have followed a recurring pattern and invariably cause great loss of life, social disruption, and economic costs. (who.int)
Such events are believed to have preceded the influenza pandemics of 1918, 1957, and 1968. (juicing-for-health.com)
There is particular pressure to recognize and heed the lessons of past influenza pandemics in the shadow of the worrisome 2003-2004 flu season. (nationalacademies.org)
In terms of potential future pandemics, avian influenza viruses are particularly noteworthy. (sentientmedia.org)
We can't say this virus is the one that's going to do it, but we do know that these viruses have produced pandemics in the past and therefore are likely to do so again in the future. (voanews.com)
Kilbourne ED. Influenza pandemics of the 20th century. (medscape.com)
Novel influenza virus strains emerge periodically to which humans have little or no immunity, resulting in devastating pandemics. (mitokor.com)
The World Health Organization reports four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C and D. Type A viruses, which occur in both humans and different kinds of animals, are the biggest threat to public health and can cause pandemics, the WHO says. (globaltechcio.com)
On rare occasions, these bird viruses can cross over and infect other species, including cats, pigs and humans and can be a potential cause of pandemics. (who.int)
Three influenza pandemics were recorded in 1918, 1957 and 1968, with the first one resulting in 40-50 million deaths globally. (who.int)
There is no doubt there will be another pandemic…The number of people affected will go beyond billions because between 25 percent and 30 percent will fall ill…Pandemics occur when a completely new flu strain emerges for which humans have no immunity…An influenza pandemic will spare nobody. (infectioncycle.com)

There's always a potential for low-pathogenic avian flu viruses to evolve into highly pathogenic viruses. (prpeak.com)
Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The past decade has seen increasingly frequent and severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, as described in the Summary and Assessment. (nationalacademies.org)
Since then, the entrenchment of highly pathogenic avian in- ing the past 30 years. (cdc.gov)

Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
There are two types of the virus: high pathogenicity (HPAI) and low pathogenicity (LPAI), which indicate how severe the disease can be if a bird gets infected. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)

They pointed out that sequencing of the genome of the 1918 Spanish 'flu epidemic' was nearly complete, opening the door to unscrupulous scientists to build an even more potent virus," Reuters reported in July 2003. (sourcewatch.org)
Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
2004. Structure of the uncleaved human H1 hemagglutinin from the extinct 1918 influenza virus. (nationalacademies.org)
Existing antivirals are effective against influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus. (nationalacademies.org)
The origin of the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 to 1919, in which as many as 50 million people died, is unclear, but is presumed to be avian flu, as well. (voanews.com)
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the 1918 spanish flu anitbodies reagents distributed by Genprice. (mitokor.com)
The 1918 Spanish Flu Anitbodies reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (mitokor.com)
The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin. (expasy.org)
The Spanish Influenza of 1918 or Great Influenza Pandemic was also started by a strain of bird influenza. (infectioncycle.com)

The neuraminidase stalks regions in these viruses had no deletion as compared to that A/Dk/HK/ Y280/97 lineage (Ck/Bei-like viruses) and the 2 human isolates A/HK/1073/99, A/HK/1074/99. (scialert.net)
The hemadsorbing site of neuraminidase had up to 3 amino acid substitutions and is different from those of earlier Iranian viruses. (scialert.net)
Avain Influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease caused by type A influenza viruses which have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes that encode at least ten proteins including two surface glycoproteins [haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)], nucleoprotein (NP), three polymerase proteins [polymerase basic (PB1), (PB2) and polymerase acidic (PA)], two matrix (M1 and M2) proteins and two non-structural (NS1 and NS2) proteins. (scialert.net)
N is the abbreviation for neuraminidase, a protein that is required for virus replication. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Neuraminidase inhibitors are again recommended as the first-line antiviral agents for the prevention of influenza rather than amantadine. (canada.ca)
Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose. (expasy.org)

for example, HIV is directly transferred by contaminated body fluids from an infected host into the tissue or bloodstream of a new host while influenza is airborne and transmitted through inhalation of contaminated air containing viral particles by a new host. (wikipedia.org)
The rate of protein, nucleic acid denaturation and chemical reactions that destroy the viral capsid are increased at higher temperatures, thus viruses will survive best at low temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
Sentinel surveillance for influenza and COVID-19 is a resource-effective approach to gathering critical information about both viral infections in patients. (niangzao.biz)
The reported signs and symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from eye infections (conjunctivitis) to influenza-like illness symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches) to severe respiratory illness (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia) sometimes accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and neurologic changes. (pravda.ru)
The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
Their efficacy in patients with influenza viral pneumonia or severe influenza is unknown. (medscape.com)
Our model systems included three unrelated viral infections caused by Influenza A virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai virus (SeV), and transfection with an analog of double-stranded (ds) RNA. (bvsalud.org)

In 2013, human infections with the influenza A(H7N9) virus were reported in China. (niangzao.biz)
We characterized the A/Shanghai/1/2013 virus isolated from the first confirmed human case of A/H7N9 disease in China. (flutrackers.com)

Viruses can cause massive human mortality. (wikipedia.org)
This is especially important with something like the Avian flu, which, according to the CDC , has a mortality rate of 60% in the 600 cases reported worldwide. (juicing-for-health.com)
Influenza viruses cause a broad array of respiratory illnesses responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in children. (medscape.com)
Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. (medscape.com)
Because of this the virus causes greater morbidity when it does infect humans as is evidenced by its higher mortality rate. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)
The Spanish Influenza epidemic caused considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time. (who.int)
In 1997 a very important event occurred in the epidemiology of influenza viruses. (princemahidolaward.org)
Human consumption patterns are taking us down a path of no return, driven by "our insatiable need for cheap meat and animal protein," says Andrew Cunningham, professor of Wildlife Epidemiology and Deputy Director of Science at the Zoological Society of London, who is also featured in the film. (sentientmedia.org)
This statement contains new information on human and avian influenza epidemiology. (canada.ca)

Thus there is a reduction in the threat of a new influenza mutant developing from a combination of the avian and human types and subsequently developing into a pandemic. (spacedaily.com)
While this remains a frightening possibility, most experts believe avian influenza in humans is not a serious threat. (spacedaily.com)
The threat to global health and security from the emergence of new viruses and from the potential of viruses to cross the species barrier is very real as has been demonstrated by the relatively recent experiences with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, HINI in 2009 and avian influenza reported since 1997. (who.int)
As well as the emergence of new viruses, another major threat to global health and safety is the increasing antimicrobial resistance across the world. (who.int)
Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. (who.int)
Therefore, further investigation and monitoring is required to prevent this novel reassortant virus from becoming a new threat to public health. (nature.com)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? (nationalacademies.org)
Ecotourism, the encroachment of humans on animal habitat, and complacency about the threat posed by infectious diseases have also contributed. (dukece.com)
Responding to the avian influenza pandemic threat. (medscape.com)
Description: Influenza A virus is a major public health threat, killing more than 30,000 people per year in the USA. (mitokor.com)
The CDC has said it has "produced a candidate vaccine virus," if it's needed, in response to a potential public health threat. (globaltechcio.com)

The antigenic components of the influenza vaccine have been updated for the 2007-2008 season. (canada.ca)
Although influenza B viruses have shown more antigenic stability than influenza A viruses, antigenic variation does occur. (canada.ca)
Although it is necessary to annually update vaccine strains to ensure effective protection against seasonal influenza infection in humans due to the frequent antigenic drift of the virus strains, seasonal human influenza-specific CTLs, mostly targeting conserved internal proteins, e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
Single-amino-acid substitution in an antigenic site of influenza virus hemagglutinin can alter the specificity of binding to cell membrane-associated gangliosides. (expasy.org)

Some avian H9 viruses have acquired receptor binding characteristics typical of human strains, increasing the potential for reassortment in both human and pig respiratory tracts ( Suzuki, 2005 ). (scialert.net)
Within a specific kingdom ( Plantae, Animalia, Fungi etc) the localization of viruses colonizing the host can vary: Some human viruses, for example, HIV, colonizes only the immune system, while influenza viruses on the other hand can colonize either the upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract depending on the type (human Influenza virus or avian influenza viruses respectively). (wikipedia.org)
Thus the occurrence in June and September this year of 2 cases of severe respiratory illness linked to a new human coronavirus caused widespread concern. (who.int)
Influenza is one of the most significant causes of acute upper respiratory tract infections worldwide. (medscape.com)
Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can cause seasonal epidemics, manifesting as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of severity, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
These regional epidemics are animal pathogens and, except for Ebola, are transmitted to humans via the respiratory route or by mosquitoes. (dukece.com)
H stands for hemagglutinin, it binds the virus to cells in the respiratory tract, for example. (dailynewsegypt.com)
For these reasons, major epidemics of respiratory disease caused by new variants of influenza continue to occur. (canada.ca)
Person-to-person transmission of influenza virus occurs through droplets from the respiratory tract that are spread by direct contact, through coughing or sneezing, or by hands contaminated with respiratory secretions. (canada.ca)
National influenza surveillance is coordinated through the Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division (IRID), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). (canada.ca)
Accurately diagnosing influenza A or B infection based solely on clinical criteria is difficult because of the overlapping symptoms caused by the various viruses associated with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). (medscape.com)
Avian, swine and other zoonotic influenza infections in humans may cause disease ranging from mild upper respiratory infection (fever and cough) to rapid progression to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and even death. (niangzao.biz)
Disease features such as the incubation period, severity of symptoms and clinical outcome varies by the virus causing infection but mainly manifests with respiratory symptoms. (niangzao.biz)
Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
To describe U.S. RSV seasonality during prepandemic and pandemic periods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results reported to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS)* during July 2017-February 2023 were analyzed. (cdc.gov)
In this work, we describe, for the first time, how knocking-down or knocking-out the expression of IFN alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) increases IFN, ISG, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after the infections with Influenza A Virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai Virus (SeV), or poly(I:C) transfection. (bvsalud.org)

Structural basis for receptor specificity of influenza B virus hemagglutinin. (expasy.org)

See Clinical Presentation for more detailed information on the signs and symptoms of pediatric influenza. (medscape.com)
Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. (medscape.com)
Human influenza viruses are classified as being of the A, B or C variety, with types A and B producing the classic symptoms of influenza in susceptible individuals, while type C does not cause influenza in humans. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

Influenza viruses constantly mutate, and epidemiologists are concerned that the avian influenza virus could infect a person who has a human influenza strain, creating a new mutant flu strain to develop that could spread easily from person to person. (spacedaily.com)
There is always the danger that the virus will quickly mutate. (dailynewsegypt.com)
The film begins with a grave warning: Industrial farming is creating scenarios where viruses can mutate, and there may come a time when an emerging virus cannot be contained by vaccines and other measures. (sentientmedia.org)
If the viruses mutate enough, the public health fear is that they might make the jump to spread among humans. (globaltechcio.com)
While the "jury" is still out on whether the Avian Influenza virus will mutate in order to be passed from person to person, we recommend that precautions be taken to limit the spread once it arrives in the US. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

But there are different types of influenza and how exactly the avian influenza is transmitted to humans is still being studied. (citizenmatters.in)

The U.S. grappled during the fall with a shortage of vaccines for human influenza. (spacedaily.com)
However, LPM-workers protected themselves less from AI viruses (AIVs) and had lower acceptance of human or avian influenza vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
For preventive measures take influenza antiviral drugs or vaccines after consulting with your doctor. (medicoverhospitals.in)

Influenza viruses cause epidemic disease (influenza virus types A and B) and sporadic disease (type C) in humans. (medscape.com)
Another six confirmed human deaths occurred in Vietnam during a resurgence of the epidemic during the summer of 2004, as this report was being prepared (ProMED-mail, 2004a,b). (nationalacademies.org)
If the virus mutates to a form that can be passed easily from person to person, it could quickly cause a global epidemic, known as a pandemic, says Dr. Bruce Gellin, Director of the National Vaccine Program Office and Chairman of the Influenza Preparedness Task Force at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (voanews.com)
The infection other familial clusters have been recognized of humans coincided with an epidemic of [ 11 ]. (who.int)

With the emergence of non-human H9N2 isolates with avian characteristics, it is important to study the H9N2 isolates from avian hosts in addition to those obtained from humans for pandemic influenza understanding and preparedness. (scialert.net)
Akhtar, who previously worked in pandemic preparedness in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, warns that the most lethal viruses affecting humans have historically come from animal agriculture and other exploitative uses of animals. (sentientmedia.org)
Pandemic influenza preparedness framework: partnership contribution high-level implementation plan III. (niangzao.biz)
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework's Partnership Contribution (PC) High-Level Implementation Plan III (HLIP III) outlines the. (niangzao.biz)
The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is a World Health Assembly resolution adopted unanimously by all Member States in 2011. (niangzao.biz)
Committee for Africa expressed concern about the general lack of preparedness for an influenza pandemic and the need for Member States to draw up and implement national preparedness plans. (who.int)
3. Preparedness and response in regard to avian influenza and threats of influenza pandemic require concerted action under government leadership with increased urgency and participation of all stakeholders and partners. (who.int)
These factors include weak health systems and services, the human resources for health crisis, insufficiently developed early warning systems and lack of preparedness to respond to a pandemic. (who.int)
This document updates Member States on the current situation and recommends interventions to further enhance pandemic influenza preparedness and response. (who.int)

That's why many virus types are considered "highly pathogenic. (dailynewsegypt.com)
A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses. (medscape.com)
B virus) and other highly biohazardous agents are under consideration. (scienceopen.com)
The African Region is highly vulnerable given its inadequate transport and other communication infrastructure, underdeveloped general administration and logistics systems, widespread poverty, and disruption of trade due to the socioeconomic impact of avian influenza. (who.int)

Clark, a veterinarian, says that while a human flu vaccine might help prevent avian flu, the best preventative is caution. (spacedaily.com)
The greater percentage of the population that practices biosecurity, or that receives a human flu vaccine, the less chance we have of avian influenza infecting a person that has human influenza. (spacedaily.com)
The HHS also let a contract to Sanofi Pasteur to establish and maintain flocks of egg-laying hens to ensure its ability to manufacture pandemic influenza vaccine at full capacity, year-round. (genengnews.com)
In Europe, Sanofi Pasteur is producing avian influenza vaccine candidates for clinical trials in collaboration with the French health authorities, the U.K.'s National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency. (genengnews.com)
It also is the only vaccine manufacturer participating in the EU's collaborative FLUPAN clinical trials against pandemic influenza. (genengnews.com)
This year, recommendations for routine influenza vaccine receipt have been expanded to include all pregnant women. (canada.ca)
In Canada, two available measures can reduce the impact of influenza: immunoprophylaxis with inactivated (killed-virus) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis or therapy with influenza-specific antiviral drugs. (canada.ca)
It is one of the three viruses included in the regular (seasonal) flu vaccine . (medlineplus.gov)

Seasonal influenza virus infection has been reported to provide heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus infection to some extend. (biomedcentral.com)
Bottom line Influenza virus somehow manages to make frequent minor changes and sudden major changes which permit temporary evasion of a population's immunity. (powershow.com)
It is always a great concern when a new flu virus emerges, because the general population does not have immunity and almost everyone is susceptible to infection and disease. (bcm.edu)

Of foremost concern is the risk that conditions present in parts of Asia could give rise to an influenza pandemic. (who.int)
Concern about a future influenza pandemic has a strong historical base. (who.int)
And three-quarters of all emerging diseases-those of the most concern to human health-come from animals. (sentientmedia.org)
Dr. Patrick Kelley, the Director of the Board on Global Health at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, explains why there is so much concern about the spreading virus. (voanews.com)

There have been only 106 cases and 54 deaths, worldwide since 1997, which indicates that it hasn't evolved to the point that it readily jumps species to infect humans. (genengnews.com)
Seasonal human influenza causes about 36,000 deaths and 226,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. (medscape.com)
Thailand has confirmed another four deaths (ProMED-mail, 2004c,d), with one case possibly having been transmitted from human to human (ProMED-mail, 2004e). (nationalacademies.org)
Although a few cases have been made aware of human cases involving avian flu, there is currently no confirmed deaths in relation to avian flu in the UK. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
Kuwait is also fumigating farms and bird markets and are trying to monitor bird migratory routes for any signs of unusual avian deaths. (earthfiles.com)
Although these viruses don't infect people easily and aren't usually transmitted from human to human, several people have beeninfected around the world, leading to a number of deaths. (zana.com)
Influenza-associated intensive-care unit admissions and deaths - California, September 29, 2013-January 18, 2014. (cdc.gov)

An early-onset, severe form of influenza A (H3N2) made headlines when it claimed the lives of several children in the United States in late 2003. (nationalacademies.org)

Most swine influenza viruses do not cause disease in humans, but some countries have reported cases of human infection from certain swine influenza viruses. (niangzao.biz)

Adaptive pathways of zoonotic influenza viruses: from exposure to establishment in humans. (who.int)
According to the film, over half of all infectious diseases are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. (sentientmedia.org)
In outbreaks of zoonotic pathogens, identification of the infection source is crucial because this may allow health authorities to separate human populations from the wildlife or domestic animal reservoirs posing the zoonotic risk 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
However, zoonotic influenza viruses - animal influenza viruses that may occasionally infect humans through direct or indirect contact - can cause disease in humans ranging from a mild illness to death. (niangzao.biz)
Zoonotic infections are defined as infections that are transmitted from nonhuman vertebrates to humans. (scienceopen.com)
The lack of an effective veterinary or human public health infrastructure in a given country may result in a lack of knowledge of those zoonotic infections transmitted from even commonly encountered animals. (scienceopen.com)
1 As many zoonotic agents are uncommon in humans and, for a number, have been established as causes of laboratory-acquired infections, good communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory is essential. (scienceopen.com)
It is far too soon to say whether the arrival of this virus in the US is a blip, an imminent danger to agriculture, or a zoonotic pathogen probing for a path to attack humanity. (newsbharati.net)

Crossing the species barrier to mammals highlights the pandemic potential of H9N2 virus. (scialert.net)
Scientists have isolated variants of the influenza virus in more than 100 wild bird species worldwide, from waterfowl like geese, swans, ducks and gulls to shoreline species like sandpipers, plovers and storks. (prpeak.com)
Sewage contaminated water contains many viruses, over one hundred species are reported and can lead to diseases that affect human beings. (wikipedia.org)
Some species such as ducks, geese and swans can carry the avian influenza virus and spread it without showing any signs of illness. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
So far, at least 70 UK bird species have tested positive for avian flu, including 21 of our 25 regularly breeding seabird species, as well as geese, ducks, swans and raptor species such as Peregrine Falcon, Hen Harrier, Buzzard, White-tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle. (oxfordshirewildliferescue.com)
There are outstanding evolutionary questions on the recent emergence of human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 including the role of reservoir species, the role of recombination and its time of divergence from animal viruses. (nature.com)
Consider other species with which the animal has had contact, including contact with humans while in captivity. (scienceopen.com)
The fear among the scientific community is that it is a case of if and not when, the virus makes the species jump from bird to human or from bird to pig to human and then cause a worldwide pandemic. (pravda.ru)
As long as animals and humans live, work and flock around each other, there will be a risk of viruses mutating enough to make the jump from species to species. (globaltechcio.com)
Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. (bvsalud.org)

Animal influenza viruses are distinct from human seasonal influenza viruses and do not easily transmit between humans. (niangzao.biz)

According to information provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on April 17, 2007, "There have not been any human cases of avian influenza in the United States or North America, but there have been cases in other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa . (sourcewatch.org)

Avian influenza virus infections in humans. (medscape.com)

Clark says that in any given year, the wild waterfowl and shorebird populations have various avian influenza viruses. (spacedaily.com)
Antimicrobial resistance , brought on by the massive overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture, is one of the most urgent dangers to human populations. (sentientmedia.org)
Spread to humans was contained by culling domestic bird populations. (msdmanuals.com)
While the Avian Flu is of the A type, it is primarily transmittable among bird populations but also to some susceptible individuals as well. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

Antiviral Agents for the Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza. (medscape.com)

According to statistics provided by the World Health Organization , from 2003 through April 11, 2007, there have been 291 laboratory-confirmed cases in humans, of whom, 172 died. (sourcewatch.org)

Epidemics will continue to wreak havoc on human and economic health unless we develop more effective and sustainable early warning surveillance, prevention and control programs. (dukece.com)
2000. The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations. (nationalacademies.org)
Influenza virus Influenza history Historical records indicate flu-like epidemics throughout recorded history. (powershow.com)

Virus in 2005 has mutated to more virulence in lab tests. (earthfiles.com)

The diagnosis of avian influenza was suspected on day 4 of illness after a history of direct contact with dying chickens was revealed. (cdc.gov)
Most of those viruses are classified as "low pathogen" and cause few, if any, signs of illness in fowl. (spacedaily.com)
Since 1997 there have been a few other instances of the avian influenza virus causing illness or death in people. (spacedaily.com)
If someone is infected with an avian influenza strain, the illness is unusually aggressive. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Fatalities are high: about 60 percent of people infected with the virus have died from their illness. (dailynewsegypt.com)

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. (annals.edu.sg)
The emergence and rapid geographic spread of pathogens has been facilitated by several global trends, including population growth, human migration, unprecedented urban growth, modern transportation, changes in animal husbandry practices, and environmental and lifestyle changes. (dukece.com)
In her interview with Lockwood, she says that diseases emerge when people crowd animals together in stressful conditions, which decreases their immune system function and heightens the spread of viruses and bacteria. (sentientmedia.org)
Adults spread influenza to others during a period from 1 day before symptom onset to up to 7 days afterwards. (canada.ca)
Yet few, if any, of them have spread the disease to other humans. (sourcewatch.org)
Till now there is no such evidence found on the spread of the virus from human to human contact. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Experts point out that an influenza pandemic would not only be a huge, international health crisis, but also would cause social and economic crises, all reasons health and government officials are sounding alarms about the current spread of the avian flu. (voanews.com)
Researchers are emphasizing on controlling the spread of this deadly virus. (timestechpharma.com)
Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)
To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)
and the FAO fears that the virus circulation in Vietnam could spread the virus to neighbouring countries - the two Koreas, Japan, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia while wild bird migration could spread the virus further afield. (pravda.ru)
There was some evidence of human to human spread of this virus, but it is thought that the transmission efficiency was fairly low. (mitokor.com)
So far, the virus has not acquired the ability to spread effectively among humans. (who.int)
Flu A viruses are constantly changing, and they might adapt over time to infect and spread among humans. (infectioncycle.com)
However, epidemiologists fear that it is only a matter of time until the Avian Influenza virus mutates so that it can be passed from person to person thus enabling its spread. (rockwoodnaturalmedicine.com)

Smallpox was finally eliminated in 1977 by extinction of the virus through vaccination, and the impact of viruses such as influenza, poliomyelitis and measles are mainly controlled by vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccination is the preferred approach for the prevention of influenza infection. (biomedcentral.com)

SARS-CoV-2 itself is not a recombinant of any sarbecoviruses detected to date, and its receptor-binding motif, important for specificity to human ACE2 receptors, appears to be an ancestral trait shared with bat viruses and not one acquired recently via recombination. (nature.com)

Swine influenza virus. (medscape.com)
Influenza viruses, including avian influenza and swine influenza. (medlineplus.gov)

While the COVID-19 pandemic may have raised awareness about how infectious diseases can move from animals to humans-mainly by pointing the finger at wet markets in China-this awareness has led to few changes in our behavior toward animals. (sentientmedia.org)
Human influenza is transmitted by inhalation of infectious droplets and droplet nuclei, by direct contact or indirectly. (who.int)

Inhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families. (medscape.com)
Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms73

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care27

Geographicals12

Hong Kong31

H5N1129

Outbreak17

Poultry33

Subtypes16

Bird flu41

Subtype8

Birds45

H1N117

Pandemics12

Pathogenic avian4

HPAI2

191810

Neuraminidase7

Viral8

H7N92

Mortality6

Epidemiology4

Threat12

Antigenic5

Respiratory17

Hemagglutinin1

Symptoms3

Mutate5

Types of influenza1

Vaccines3

Epidemic4

Preparedness9

Highly4

Vaccine8

Immunity3

Concern4

Deaths7

Severe1

Cases of human infection1

Zoonotic8

Species10

Seasonal influenza viruses1

Africa1

Infections in humans1

Populations4

Antiviral agents1

World Health Organ1

Epidemics3

Virulence1

Illness5

Spread16

Vaccination2

Specificity1

Swine influenza2

Infectious2

Prevention2