receptor
- 12 Importantly, we reported that HGF linking to c- met , a tyrosine kinase receptor, can act as a protective factor against endothelial cell death induced by serum-free treatment, tumor necrosis factor-α treatment, and high-glucose conditions. (ahajournals.org)
- 1996) "Fibroblast growth factor signalling in the hair growth cycle: expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor and ligand genes in the murine hair follicle. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, the protein stability of TGF-β receptor type I was significantly increased in scleroderma fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts. (jci.org)
- There was no significant difference in Smurf1 and Smurf2 levels between normal and scleroderma fibroblasts, and the transiently overexpressed Smurf1 and/or Smurf2 did not affect TGF-β receptor type I protein levels in scleroderma fibroblasts. (jci.org)
- We noted higher gene expression of proteases system factors like urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) and PAI-1 in aged ADSC compared to young ADSC, but they decreased in old ADSC. (biomedcentral.com)
- The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and its ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been implicated in the growth, survival, and metastasis of a broad range of malignancies including pediatric tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
- The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is selectively activated by its ligands IGF-I and IGF-II, has been strongly implicated in the growth, survival, and metastasis of a wide variety of human tumors, including tumors in children and adolescents ( 4 - 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- FGF9 has been shown to interact with Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (wikipedia.org)
- Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses. (wikipedia.org)
- Phenotype and survival of mice after knockout of some FGFR genes: Paracrine signaling through fibroblast growth factors and its respective receptors utilizes the receptor tyrosine pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- The Kit proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand is a paracrine protein called stem cell factor (SCF), which is important in hematopoiesis (formation of cells in blood). (wikipedia.org)
- The SP receptor promoter contains regions that are sensitive to cAMP, AP-1, AP-4, CEBPB, and epidermal growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
- Its receptor - the neurokinin type 1 - is distributed over cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes of many cell types (neurons, glia, endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics, fibroblasts, stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. (wikipedia.org)
- Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine-like processes)) may not naturally subside in diseases marked by chronic inflammation (including cancer). (wikipedia.org)
- IL-17A receptor A (IL-17RA) was first isolated and cloned from mouse EL4 thymoma cells and the bioactivity of IL-17A was confirmed by stimulating the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- EP4 also interacts with Prostaglandin E receptor 4-associated protein (EPRAP) to inhibit phosphorylation of the proteasome protein, p105, thereby suppressing a cells ability to activate nuclear factor kappa B, a transcription factor that controls genes coding for cytokines and other elements that regulate inflammation, cell growth, and cell survival (see NF-κB#Structure). (wikipedia.org)
endothelial
- A novel angiogenic growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been reported to inhibit endothelial cell death. (ahajournals.org)
- 1 Growth factors that are shown to be mitogenic for endothelial cells in vitro and that also stimulate angiogenesis in vivo have been referred to as angiogenic growth factors. (ahajournals.org)
- These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (ahajournals.org)
- 19 However, the mechanisms by which endothelial cell death is prevented by these angiogenic growth factors are largely unknown. (ahajournals.org)
- Proliferation and mitosis of endothelial cells ware active in the graft wall 5 days after implantation. (nii.ac.jp)
- 7. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the cells are skin cells, in particular keratinocytes, fibroblasts or endothelial cells. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 4 5 6 7 ASMCs, endothelial cells, and macrophages are three cell types that localize within the atherosclerotic lesion and may influence each other by the growth factors/cytokines they secrete. (ahajournals.org)
- Relevant to its putative antineoplastic and chemopreventive activity ( 5 , 7 ), trans -resveratrol inhibits fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-triggered neovascularization and tumor angiogenesis ( 14 , 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Gene expression of pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and hepatic growth factor (HGF) were down-regulated with age, which could be restored by hypoxia. (biomedcentral.com)
- FGF2) activity and thus stimulate endothelial growth and re-generation. (wikipedia.org)
bFGF
- 13 14 15 16 Others have also reported antiapoptotic actions of bFGF under serum-free treatment 17 18 and of VEGF under tumor necrosis factor-α treatment. (ahajournals.org)
- Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of the strongest angiogenic agent, and affects all cell types involved in would healing. (nii.ac.jp)
- Collateral formation in ischemic heart disease is induced by angiogenic factors including bFGF.We hypothesized that tissue-fragmented (TF-) grafts are rich of angiogenic activity from shortly after implantation and it ability may work for collateral formation to the ischemic area when it is used for a small diameter vascular prosthesis in the coronary artery position. (nii.ac.jp)
- Levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA and protein were measured following rhinovirus infection of bronchial epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Supernatants from infected cultures induced lung fibroblast proliferation, which was inhibited by anti-bFGF antibody, and demonstrated increased matrix metalloproteinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Based on the above, we hypothesized that RV infection may also contribute to the fibrotic component of airway remodeling through bFGF, which may induce fibroblast proliferation and regulate collagen turnover. (biomedcentral.com)
- Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB) have been shown to induce PAR-1 expression. (ahajournals.org)
receptors
- Smad7 constitutively formed a complex with the TGF-β receptors, and the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity of human α2(I) collagen and 3TP-lux was completely impaired in scleroderma fibroblasts. (jci.org)
- In humans, 22 members of the FGF family have been identified, all of which are structurally related signaling molecules: Members FGF1 through FGF10 all bind fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). (wikipedia.org)
- Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
- In order for paracrine factors to successfully induce a response in the receiving cell, that cell must have the appropriate receptors available on the cell membrane to receive the signals, also known as being competent. (wikipedia.org)
paracrine
- Studies using Fgf4 gene knockout mice showed developmental defects in embryos both in vivo and in vitro, revealing that FGF4 facilitates the survival and growth of the inner cell mass during the postimplantation phase of development by acting as an autocrine or paracrine ligand. (wikipedia.org)
- Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
- However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain. (wikipedia.org)
- In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the FGF family of paracrine factors has a broad range of functions, major findings support the idea that they primarily stimulate proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- Paracrine signaling of growth factors between nearby cells has been shown to exacerbate carcinogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- They appear to act as hormone-like autocrine and paracrine signalling agents that are involved in regulating inflammatory and perhaps other responses. (wikipedia.org)
motility factor
- Extracellularly, PGI is known as an autocrine motility factor (AMF) eliciting mitogenic, motogenic, differentiation functions as well as tumor progression and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
- The encoded protein is also referred to as autocrine motility factor (AMF) based on an additional function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and angiogenic factor. (wikipedia.org)
- The same protein is also secreted by cancer cells, where it is called autocrine motility factor and stimulates metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
- Cloning experiments also revealed that GPI is identical to the protein known as autocrine motility factor (AMF). (wikipedia.org)
cytokines
- The acute response is characterized by activation of circulating leukocytes and renal parenchymal cells, triggering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors 1, 2. (uninet.edu)
- 8 Further, the effects of stimulatory cytokines are balanced by inhibitory cytokines such as transforming growth factors 9 and by binding to GAGs. (ahajournals.org)
- In some studies it was demonstrated that ADSC could release multiple angiogenic growth factors and cytokines/chemokines. (biomedcentral.com)
- Because these regions are related to complexed signal transduction pathways mediated by cytokines, it has been proposed that cytokines and neurotropic factors can induce NK-1. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, SP can induce the cytokines that are capable of inducing NK-1 transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
FGF2
- FGF1 is also known as acidic, and FGF2 is also known as basic fibroblast growth factor. (wikipedia.org)
- They then further fractionated the extract using acidic and basic pH and isolated two slightly different forms that were named "acidic fibroblast growth factor" (FGF1) and "basic fibroblast growth factor" (FGF2). (wikipedia.org)
- LMW FGF2 is primarily cytoplasmic and functions in an autocrine manner, whereas HMW FGF2s are nuclear and exert activities through an intracrine mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
- Not long after FGF1 and FGF2 were isolated, another group isolated a pair of heparin-binding growth factors that they named HBGF-1 and HBGF-2, while a third group isolated a pair of growth factors that caused proliferation of cells in a bioassay containing blood vessel endothelium cells, which they called ECGF1 and ECGF2. (wikipedia.org)
vitro
- Increased proliferation in keloid fibroblasts wounded in vitro. (springer.com)
- Scleroderma fibroblasts exhibited increased Smad7 levels compared with normal fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. (jci.org)
- Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are mitogens that promote neural progenitor and stem cell growth in vitro, though other factors synthesized by the neural progenitor and stem cell populations are also required for optimal growth. (wikipedia.org)
gene
- Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- 1998) "Localization of Rat FGF-5 Protein in Skin Macrophage-like Cells and FGF-5S Protein in Hair Follicle: Possible Involvement of two Fgf-5 gene products in hair growth cycle regulation," Growth (Lakeland), vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 963-972. (wikipedia.org)
- 2000) "Dual-mode regulation of hair growth cycle by two Fgf-5 gene products," J. Invest. (wikipedia.org)
- Injury-induced PAI-1 transcription closely paralleled growth state-dependent controls on the PAI-1 gene. (biologists.org)
- Recent studies indicate that cyclic strain plays an important role in growth and gene expression in VSMCs under both normal and pathological conditions. (ahajournals.org)
- Glia-activating factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF9 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. (wikipedia.org)
- Growth arrest-specific 6, also known as GAS6, is a human gene coding for the Gas6 protein. (wikipedia.org)
- It was originally found as a gene upregulated by growth arrested fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Fibroblast growth factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene and FGF3, another oncogenic growth factor, are located closely on chromosome 11. (wikipedia.org)
- Each pathway leads to the activation of transcription factors which enter the nucleus to alter gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Transcription of the HSP90AA1 gene is currently understood to be induced by stress through binding of the master transcription factor (TF) HSF1 to the HSP90AA1 promoter However, several focused studies of the HSP90AA1 promoter along with extensive global analysis of the human genome indicate that various other transcription complexes regulate HSP90AA1 gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
vascular
- Lack of angiogenic factors in the vascular graft wall may cause for unhealing neointima. (nii.ac.jp)
- Publications] Tomizawa Y: 'Endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor for endothelialization due to angiogenesis in fabric vascular prostheses' ASAIO J. 42. (nii.ac.jp)
platelet-derive
- The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a well-known mitogen and chemoattractant for ASMCs. (ahajournals.org)
- Cyclic strain in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor induced PAR-1 mRNA levels beyond the effect of cyclic strain alone, whereas no additive effect was observed between cyclic strain and platelet-derived growth factor-AB. (ahajournals.org)
protein
- It has been hypothesised that, in an alternate type of mutation, positive selection for increased expression of the FGF5 protein was one of the contributing factors in the evolutionary loss of hair in cetaceans as they transitioned from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment. (wikipedia.org)
- UV crosslinking approaches to identify E-box-binding factors coupled with deoxyoligonucleotide affinity chromatography and gel retardation assays confirmed at least one major E-box-binding protein in both serum- and wound-activated cells to be USF-1, a member of the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. (biologists.org)
- The core protein mRNA levels of proteoglycans were not affected, thus the decrease in GAG chains was as a result of some other factor, which in this case turned out to be a decrease in expression of sulfate transferase enzymes, which play a key role in GAG biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- This protein was isolated as a secreted factor that exhibits a growth-stimulating effect on cultured glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Extracellularly, the encoded protein (also referred to as neuroleukin) functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. (wikipedia.org)
proliferation
- PDGF is regarded as an incomplete mitogen (competence factor), which induces proliferation only in the simultaneous presence of cofactors (commitment factors) such as the insulin-like growth factors. (ahajournals.org)
- In order to support continuous growth and proliferation in challenging hypoxic environments, cancer cells are found to alter their metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- The growth-inhibitory effects of SFRP1 were due primarily to decreased cell proliferation rather than an increase in apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
induce
- These regulators induce the expression of growth factors, such as amphiregulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), IGF-1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which in turn have specific roles in breast growth and maturation. (wikipedia.org)
- There are 3 types of tumor suppressor genes: Genes that affect cell growth Genes that limit the cell cycle and induce apoptosis Genes that repair damaged DNA SFRP1 appears to fall in the first category of genes, those that affect cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
keratinocytes
- An E-box motif (CACGTG) in the PAI-1 proximal promoter (located at nucleotides -160 to -165), previously shown to be necessary for serum-induced PAI-1 expression, was bound by nuclear factors from wound-stimulated but not quiescent, contact-inhibited, keratinocytes. (biologists.org)
genes
- Interactions of HIF-1 and ChoRE with the DNA sequence 5'-RCGTG-3' leads to increased expression of genes listed above. (wikipedia.org)
- Activation of ERK induces expression of EGR1, a transcription factor which controls transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and mitogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- SFRP1 expression not only reduced the expression of Wnt target genes, but also markedly inhibited tumor cell growth in culture, soft agar and xenografts in athymic nude mice. (wikipedia.org)
keloid
- Thus, in keloid NO is as important as the profibrotic growth factor TGFβ1 and both could be working in coordination. (omicsonline.org)
- Moreover, the lack of effective therapy for keloid could be because most of the therapeutic regimen target one factor while the other still in action. (omicsonline.org)
mitogenic
- The majority of FGF family members are glycosaminoglycan binding proteins which possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract
- Abstract -Angiogenic growth factors play important roles in angiogenic responses, such as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in response to hypoxia. (ahajournals.org)
FGFs
- Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are master regulators of organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Members FGF11, FGF12, FGF13, and FGF14, also known as FGF homologous factors 1-4 (FHF1-FHF4), have been shown to have distinct functions compared to the FGFs. (wikipedia.org)
- Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs. (wikipedia.org)
secretory
- The master regulators of breast development are the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, growth hormone (GH), mostly via its secretory product, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and prolactin. (wikipedia.org)
angiogenic growth factors
- In addition, we and others have also identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as being a member of the angiogenic growth factors. (ahajournals.org)
metastasis
- Indeed, growth factor-induced cell migration during wound reepithelization, tumor metastasis and in normal as well as pathologic angiogenesis involves participation of several, frequently interacting, protease systems. (biologists.org)
grafts
- 3-5 In vein grafts, intimal and medial thickening occur in the regions of increased circumferential deformation. (ahajournals.org)
humans
- In humans, blastocyst formation begins about 5 days after fertilization, when a fluid-filled cavity opens up in the morula, a ball consisting of sixteen cells. (wikipedia.org)
VEGF
- 2 3 4 Moreover, we have found that HGF fulfills the characteristics of an endothelium-specific growth factor, similar to VEGF. (ahajournals.org)
wound
- Several of these chemokine signaling pathways influence the inflammatory cascade early on in healing and the later growth and regression of neovasculature, re-epithelializaiton of the wound area, and ultimately are essential for providing cues when the repair process should halt the process is complete. (springer.com)
- Guo S, DiPietro LA. Factors affecting wound healing. (springer.com)
cells
- According to this view, cells are programmed to commit suicide by default and require specific extracellular factors to survive. (ahajournals.org)
- Tubulo-interstitial scarring is characterized by tubular atrophy and an accumulation of interstitial matrix, which may emanate from fibroblasts or tubular cells themselves and occurs with any number of different primary diseases, whether immune, metabolic or degenerative 7, 9, 10. (uninet.edu)
- 6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the said cells are human, non-embryonic, autologous or allogenic cells. (freepatentsonline.com)
- One of these mediators is PDGF, which, together with the fibroblast growth factors, is a major mitogen for mesenchymal cells, including SMCs from all species. (ahajournals.org)
- 14 For experiments, HASMCs (P5 to P10) were seeded (3×10 4 cells/cm 2 ) on silicone membranes (0.005-in thickness, Specialty Manufacturing) coated with 5 μg/cm 2 human plasma fibronectin (Collaborative). (ahajournals.org)
- Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. (wikipedia.org)
- In breast cancer cells the growth hormone prolactin induces HSP90AA1 expression through STAT5. (wikipedia.org)
- Once bound to the extracellular matrix of the endometrium, trophoblast cells secrete enzymes and other factors to embed the blastocyst into the uterine wall. (wikipedia.org)
- showed that SFRP1 expression in UMRC3 cells (clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell line) resulted in a growth-inhibited phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
- Growth in culture and anchorage-independent growth were inhibited in SFRP1-expressing UMRC3 cells. (wikipedia.org)
biological
- It should progress in a coordinated manner and requires the presence of various biological mediators and growth factors [ 1 - 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
characteristics
- Although the mechanism of dermal fibroblast activation in scleroderma is presently unknown, many of the characteristics of scleroderma fibroblasts resemble those of healthy fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1 ( 13 , 14 ), suggesting that the dermal fibroblast activation in scleroderma may be a result of stimulation by autocrine TGF-β. (jci.org)
survival
- Many pediatric tumors including neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma are embryonal tumors of the childhood and exhibit increased expression of IGF-II and IGF-IR establishing autocrine loops to perpetuate growth and survival ( 10 - 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)
myofibroblasts
- Like myofibroblasts in other tissues, the mesangial cell acquires smooth muscle cell-like properties, characterized by de novo expression of a-smooth muscle actin, and the development of fibroblast-like properties characterized by the production of interstitial collagens in addition to normal mesangial matrix constituents 12, 13. (uninet.edu)
stem
- Ligands that bind to RTKs include fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factors, platelet-derived growth factors, and stem cell factor. (wikipedia.org)
vivo
- In vivo, trans -resveratrol inhibits vascularization of the chick embryo area vasculosa and murine melanoma B16 tumor growth and neovascularization. (aacrjournals.org)
- In vivo , SCH 717454 exhibits activity as a single agent and significantly inhibited growth of neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma tumor xenografts. (aacrjournals.org)
transcription factor
- Increased expression of IGF-IR in rhabdomyosarcomas has also been linked to chimeric transcription factor PAX3-FKHR ( 20 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Traditionally, hypoxia leads to increased production of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), containing HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits, that acts as a key regulatory transcription factor responsible for adaptive cellular changes. (wikipedia.org)
mediators
- Both of these metabolites, depending on the cell type which forms them, can be further metabolized to 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE), 5S,15S-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S),15(S)-diHETE), 5-oxo-15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-15(S)-HETE, a subset of specialized pro-resolving mediators viz. (wikipedia.org)
progesterone
- The process is mediated by an assortment of hormones (and growth factors), the most important of which include estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
FGF7
- In contrast, FGF7 (keratinocyte growth factor, KGF) binds only to FGFR2b (KGFR). (wikipedia.org)
pituitary
- Fibroblast growth factor was found in pituitary extracts by Armelin in 1973 and then was also found in a cow brain extract by Gospodarowicz, et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Growth hormone (GH), which is secreted from the pituitary gland, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is produced in the body in response to GH, are growth-mediating hormones. (wikipedia.org)
chronic
- Studies of the predictive value of renal biopsy in lupus nephritis have evaluated the prognostic significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and of the presence of active or chronic lesions, or both 5. (uninet.edu)
differentiation
- A mutation in Noggin (NOG) and the Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) are the other two causes of SYNS. (wikipedia.org)
- Approximately 5-6 days after fertilization the blastomeres of the blastula begin to undergo cell differentiation and its structure changes to become the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor
- The SP receptor promoter contains regions that are sensitive to cAMP , AP-1 , AP-4 , CEBPB , and epidermal growth factor . (wikipedia.org)
- Its receptor - the neurokinin type 1 - is distributed over cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes of many cell types (neurons, glia, endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics, fibroblasts, stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. (wikipedia.org)
- Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine-like processes)) may not naturally subside in diseases marked by chronic inflammation (including cancer). (wikipedia.org)
- The signaling of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) which is an important regulator of proliferation and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages regulates most of the tissue macrophages. (beds.ac.uk)
- FGF9 has been shown to interact with Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (wikipedia.org)
- IL-17A receptor A (IL-17RA) was first isolated and cloned from mouse EL4 thymoma cells and the bioactivity of IL-17A was confirmed by stimulating the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- 1996) "Fibroblast growth factor signalling in the hair growth cycle: expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor and ligand genes in the murine hair follicle. (wikipedia.org)
- EP4 also interacts with Prostaglandin E receptor 4-associated protein (EPRAP) to inhibit phosphorylation of the proteasome protein, p105, thereby suppressing a cells ability to activate nuclear factor kappa B, a transcription factor that controls genes coding for cytokines and other elements that regulate inflammation, cell growth, and cell survival (see NF-κB#Structure). (wikipedia.org)
- Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses. (wikipedia.org)
- Phenotype and survival of mice after knockout of some FGFR genes: Paracrine signaling through fibroblast growth factors and its respective receptors utilizes the receptor tyrosine pathway. (wikipedia.org)
- The Kit proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand is a paracrine protein called stem cell factor (SCF), which is important in hematopoiesis (formation of cells in blood). (wikipedia.org)
ligand
- MIF was also induced by interferon-γ, CD40 ligand, interleukin-15, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β. (kjim.org)
- Extracellular factors that influence integrin activation are ligand binding, divalent cation concentration, chemokine signaling and mechanical stress. (thno.org)
- Studies using Fgf4 gene knockout mice showed developmental defects in embryos both in vivo and in vitro, revealing that FGF4 facilitates the survival and growth of the inner cell mass during the postimplantation phase of development by acting as an autocrine or paracrine ligand. (wikipedia.org)
secretion
- hence, it is widely used for the study of MMP secretion [ 5 , 6 ]. (kjim.org)
- At the functional level, we show that CD11b + CCR8 + cell subset may contribute to immune evasion in human cancers through elevated secretion of proinflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6, CCL3, CCLand proangiogenic (VEGF, IL-8) factors as well as through induction of FoxP3 expression in autologous T lymphocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Extracellularly, the encoded protein (also referred to as neuroleukin) functions as a neurotrophic factor that promotes survival of skeletal motor neurons and sensory neurons, and as a lymphokine that induces immunoglobulin secretion. (wikipedia.org)
epidermal growth
- These regulators induce the expression of growth factors, such as amphiregulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), IGF-1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which in turn have specific roles in breast growth and maturation. (wikipedia.org)
pathway
- This study was undertaken to identify the intracellular signaling pathway involved in induction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts. (kjim.org)
- These results suggest that MIF production was induced through a p38 MAP-kinase-dependent pathway in RA synovial fibroblasts. (kjim.org)
- 2015) "The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway," Wiley Interdiscip. (wikipedia.org)
kinase
- The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts was significantly reduced after inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. (kjim.org)
epithelial
- 1 2 3 This growth factor acts as a mitogen and a morphogen for a variety of epithelial cells. (arvojournals.org)
mechanisms
- 5,6 Mechanisms that activate the aortic Msx2-Wnt cascade in this model have yet to be elucidated. (ahajournals.org)
tissue
- Conversely, we now know that vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) produce proteins like tissue factor that modulate the coagulation cascade in the absence of endothelial disruption. (ahajournals.org)
- [5] Its tissue distribution and biologic actions were further investigated over the following decades. (wikipedia.org)
mutations
- However, in these models, phenotypic variations in malignant progression are observed even in the presence of the same mutations ( 5 , 7 ). (aacrjournals.org)
malignant
- benign or premalignant lesions, a.k.a. solar keratosis), and resected premalignant or malignant skin cancers ( 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
cytokine
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important inflammatory cytokine in RA. (kjim.org)
- 1 The cytokine TGF-β is regarded as the most important factor driving this process. (arvojournals.org)
cartilage
- Signaling molecules that regulate chondrocyte activities in both growth cartilage and permanent articular cartilage during osteoarthritis are thus interesting targets for disease-modifying osteoarthritis therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Signaling molecules regulating chondrocyte activities in growth cartilage may thus also be involved in OA pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
proteins
- A level of complexity was added by the discovery that platelet proteins (such as platelet-derived growth factor) and hemostatic factors (such as thrombin) have potent activities on vascular biology independently of any coagulation effects. (ahajournals.org)
- 3 Osteo/chondrogenic transcription factors such as Sox9 , Runx2 , and Msx2 are upregulated in the mineralizing vasculature, activating expression of osteogenic enzymes and matrix proteins necessary for calcium deposition. (ahajournals.org)
whereas
- The Brugge laboratory also showed that whereas Akt1 attenuates cell migration in two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, the Akt2 isoform promotes migration in a growth factor-dependent manner ( 6 ), consistent with earlier studies in vivo ( 7 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Primary GBM arises de novo in the absence of a preexisting low-grade lesion, whereas secondary GBM develops progressively (over 5-10 years) from lower grade gliomas such as anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, grade III). (aacrjournals.org)
- LMW FGF2 is primarily cytoplasmic and functions in an autocrine manner, whereas HMW FGF2s are nuclear and exert activities through an intracrine mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
extracellular
- Besides growth factor stimulation, biomechanical factors such as extracellular matrix elasticity are known to influence cell functions. (arvojournals.org)
- Extracellular GPI is also known to function as a maturation factor. (wikipedia.org)
- Once bound to the extracellular matrix of the endometrium, trophoblast cells secrete enzymes and other factors to embed the blastocyst into the uterine wall. (wikipedia.org)
mice
- To further assess the role of FGFR in UVB-induced hyperproliferation, SKH-1 mice were pretreated with AZD4547 (5 mg/kg/b.w. (aacrjournals.org)
- the recent demonstration that factor V-deficient mice, which cannot generate thrombin, die in utero of vascular defects in the absence of hemorrhage shows how closely these two systems are interrelated. (ahajournals.org)
- In the forelimb initiation and limb growth in mice, axial (lengthwise) cues from the intermediate mesoderm produces Tbx5, which subsequently signals to the same mesoderm to produce Fgf10. (wikipedia.org)
Primary
- Primary human tenon fibroblasts were seeded on collagen-coated glass coverslips (rigid environment) or collagen or polyacrylamide gels (elastic environment) of different compliance and stimulated with TGF-β. (arvojournals.org)
- Tumor formation is accelerated into high-grade astrocytomas similar to primary GBM by additional loss of Pten ( 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
tumor growth
- 7 . A method for blocking or reducing tumor growth of an EGFR-mediated cancer in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal a src inhibitor and anti-EGFR antibody, wherein said src inhibitor and anti-EGFR antibody are administered simultaneously, in combination, or one after another in series. (google.es)
human
- Blocking FGF5 in the human scalp extends the hair cycle, resulting in less hair fall, faster hair growth rate and increased hair growth. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzymes released degrade the endometrial lining, while autocrine growth factors such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) allow the blastocyst to further invade the endometrium. (wikipedia.org)
stimulation
- The production of MIF by RA synovial fibroblasts increased in a dose-dependent manner after ConA stimulation. (kjim.org)
subunits
- Traditionally, hypoxia leads to increased production of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), containing HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits, that acts as a key regulatory transcription factor responsible for adaptive cellular changes. (wikipedia.org)
activation
- DCA induced persistent activation of the AP-1 transcription factor with Fra-1 and JunB identified as the predominant components of the DCA-induced AP-1 complex. (beds.ac.uk)
- During puberty in females, estrogen, in conjunction with GH/IGF-1, through activation of ERα specifically (and notably not ERβ or GPER), causes growth of and transformation of the tubules into the matured ductal system of the breasts. (wikipedia.org)
- EP4 activation may therefore have diverse effects on cell function depending on these factors. (wikipedia.org)
processes
- After about 1 day (5-6 days post-fertilization), which is the time usually required to reach the uterus, the blastocyst begins to embed itself into the endometrium of the uterine wall where it will undergo later developmental processes, including gastrulation. (wikipedia.org)
prolactin
- The process is mediated by an assortment of hormones (and growth factors), the most important of which include estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
subset
- Both of these metabolites, depending on the cell type which forms them, can be further metabolized to 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-oxo-ETE), 5S,15S-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(S),15(S)-diHETE), 5-oxo-15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-15(S)-HETE, a subset of specialized pro-resolving mediators viz. (wikipedia.org)
chondrocyte
- Perlecan in the growth plate of mouse long bones shows glycosylation changes in the chondrocyte progression from the resting zone to the proliferating zone. (wikipedia.org)
important
- EO is important for development, growth, and repair of long bones. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, in keloid NO is as important as the profibrotic growth factor TGFβ1 and both could be working in coordination. (omicsonline.org)
- 4 5 6 7 Recent studies have suggested that HGF has various other activities and plays an important role as an organotrophic factor responsible for regeneration of the liver, kidney, and lung. (arvojournals.org)
- FGF5 has also been identified as a potentially important factor in androgenetic alopecia. (wikipedia.org)
found
- They are found in close association with serotonin (5-HT) and neurons containing norepinephrine that are targeted by the currently used antidepressant drugs. (wikipedia.org)
cell
- Through cell-cell and cell-ECM contacts, integrins behave as mechanosensors, bi-directionally transducing information both into and out of the cell, directing the strength, stability and growth of focal adhesions to promote cell adhesion, spreading and motility (Fig. 3 ). (thno.org)
- Outside the cell, it functions as a neurotrophic factor for spinal and sensory neurons, called neuroleukin. (wikipedia.org)
- They have been alternately referred to as "pluripotent" growth factors and as "promiscuous" growth factors due to their multiple actions on multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- SP is particularly excitatory to cell growth and multiplication. (wikipedia.org)