1995 cdc42 rac gtp binding proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Small GTPases such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 regulate their activity by alternating between an active GTP-bound state, and an inactive GDP-bound state. (wikipedia.org)
These two proteins interact with the GTP-bound forms of the small GTPases Rho and Rac but not with Cdc42. (embl.de)
Rho and rac, two members of the ras-related superfamily of small GTPases, regulate the polymerization of actin to produce stress fibers and lamellipodia, respectively. (nih.gov)
Activation of cdc42 in Swiss 3T3 cells leads to the sequential activation of rac and then rho, suggesting a molecular model for the coordinated control of cell motility by members of the rho family of GTPases. (nih.gov)
Rho GTPases are members of the Ras superfamily of GTPases with at least 20 Rho proteins having been characterized. (wjon.org)
Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. (xenbase.org)
http://dx.doi.org.10.1083/jcb.201301090 ) establish that precise activation and/or inactivation of Rho1 and Cdc42 GTPases is important for the correct order and successful completion of events downstream of actomyosin ring constriction in budding yeast. (silverchair.com)
From these studies, a picture emerges of exquisite and previously unappreciated temporal regulation of Rho1/A and Cdc42 family GTPases ( Fig. 1 ) that is important for successful completion of cytokinesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (silverchair.com)
Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Furthermore, we found that the Ca 2+ effector enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) is essential for the Ca 2+ -dependent regulation of Rho GTPases during the transduction of guidance signals. (jneurosci.org)
The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
The basic signaling properties of two major subgroups of Rho GTPases - the Cdc42 and Rac subfamilies - are highly conserved amongst all eukaryotes, but the means by which they act are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
In an effort to understand the fundamental signaling elements, or 'core machinery', required for the function of these GTPases, we describe here the conservation and functional similarities of Cdc42 and Rac effectors in five different species: plant, yeast, fruit fly, roundworm and human. (biomedcentral.com)
Rho GTPases are small (20-30 kDa) GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, small GTPases related to Rac are found even in organisms that lack Ras, such as plants. (biomedcentral.com)
This broad distribution across widely divergent eukaryotic species suggests that Cdc42 and Rac GTPases have an ancient origin, perhaps even predating that of their cousin Ras. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, specific localization patterns of GEFs and GTPase-activating proteins, and a molecular network of their regulation underlie the spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPases activities in the cells. (life-science-alliance.org)

Using the yeast two hybrid system and overlay assays we identified a putative rholrac effector, citron, which interacts with the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac1, but not with cdc42. (embl.de)
The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK (SAPK) signaling pathway. (gutkindlab.org)
Following 48 h exposure, we found significant decreases in the levels of KRAS, RHOA, RAC1, and CDC42 ranging within 20-66% after NSL-YHJ-2-27 (5 μM) treatment in all four cell lines tested, A549, NCI-H1299, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. (oncotarget.com)
We find that auto-inhibited PI3Kβ must first cooperatively engage a single RTK-derived tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) peptide before it can engage either GβGγ or Rac1(GTP). (elifesciences.org)
In the presence of either pY/GβGγ or pY/Rac1(GTP), PI3Kβ activity is dramatically enhanced beyond what can be explained by the increase in membrane avidity for these complexes. (elifesciences.org)
Instead, PI3Kβ is synergistically activated by pY/GβGγ and pY/Rac1(GTP) through a mechanism of allosteric regulation. (elifesciences.org)
To understand the signal transduction required, we focused primarily on IL-6 induction by measuring mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and analyzing the effects of mutant or dominant negative forms of Vav, Rac1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1). (aai.org)
This was dependent on Vav-mediated activation of Rac1 as a Dbl domain-mutated Vav, inactive Rac N17, and inactive JNK1 down-regulated the Vav-induced JNK1 or IL-6 responses. (aai.org)

Guanine exchange factors (GEFs) regulate the exchange of GTP and GDP. (wikipedia.org)
Because Cdc42/Rac positively regulate axon extension and stabilization, whereas RhoA increases the tendency of growth cone retraction, it is likely that an activity gradient of Cdc42/Rac across the growth cone triggered by extracellular guidance cues results in preferential axon extension toward the side of higher Cdc42/Rac activity, whereas higher RhoA activity results in preferential retraction of filopodia and repulsive growth cone turning. (jneurosci.org)
To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
Inhibition of R-Ras/R-Ras2 and ROCK1 signaling also triggered the accumulation of abnormal intracellular vesicles, indicating that these signaling molecules regulate the movement of proteins and other molecules in the cellular interior. (biomedcentral.com)

The toxin acts by modifying host cell GTPase proteins by glucosylation, leading to changes in cellular activities. (wikipedia.org)
TcdA acts preferentially on the GDP-bound form of the GTPase proteins since this configuration exposes the threonine residue that is glucosylated by the toxin. (wikipedia.org)
This serine/threonine kinase interacts with the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Cdc42 and to a lesser extent with that of Rac. (embl.de)
Transforming activity of the Rho family GTPase, Wrch-1, a Wnt-regulated Cdc42 homolog, is dependent on a novel carboxyl-terminal palmitoylation motif. (xenbase.org)
Furthermore, Ca 2+ -induced GTPase activity correlated with activation of protein kinase C and required a basal activity of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. (jneurosci.org)
Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes nervous system tumor pathogenesis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (biomedcentral.com)
Many, but not all, of these effectors contain a conserved 18 amino-acid binding motif that has been termed CRIB (Cdc42-Rac interactive binding), PBD (p21-binding domain) or GBD (GTPase-binding domain) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)

These target molecules include RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42, which are regulatory proteins of the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton and modulators of many various cell signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. (embl.de)

Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCKalpha). (embl.de)
NCK Interacting Kinase (NIK), a serine/threonine protein kinase. (embl.de)
Ras-dependent activation of MAP kinase pathway mediated by G-proteinβγ subunits. (gutkindlab.org)
Linkage of G protein-coupled receptors to the MAPK signaling pathway through PI 3-kinase g. (gutkindlab.org)
Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
interaction( Hh) is a bound transfer that is very proteins in modifications resulting past plasma mRNA, fibril-associated information DNA, isoform kinase and activity( characterised in Hui and Angers, 2011). (evakoch.com)
Vav overexpression resulted in the constitutive activation of JNK1 with little or no effect on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK2. (aai.org)
This led to molecular characterisation of the TCF family of SRF cofactors as targets for MAP kinase signalling, and the demonstration that the MRTF transcription cofactors are novel G-actin binding proteins that sense fluctuations in G-actin concentration. (crick.ac.uk)
P21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and PAK3 affects the EMT, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of HCC. (jcancer.org)

Here we show that direct elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ by extracellular application of a low concentration of ryanodine, which activated Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores, upregulated Cdc42/Rac, but downregulated RhoA, in cultured cerebellar granule cells and human embryonic kidney 293T cells. (jneurosci.org)

DOCK8 is a Cdc42-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that is essential for development and functions of various subsets of leukocytes in innate and acquired immune responses. (life-science-alliance.org)

The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
Integrins are proteins that function mechanically, by attaching the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and biochemically, by sensing whether adhesion has occurred. (mechanobio.info)
and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Chemoattractive turning of the growth cone triggered by a gradient of ryanodine was blocked by overexpression of mutant forms of Cdc42 but not of RhoA in Xenopus spinal cord neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Integrins function as adhesion receptors for extracellular ligands and transduce biochemical signals into the cell, through downstream effector proteins. (mechanobio.info)

By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

These proteins are GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GEPs) for the small GTP binding protein Rho1. (embl.de)

These CROP regions range from 21-50 residues and play a role in receptor binding. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins share a core structure, the conserved G-box (GDP/GTP) binding domain, of approximately 170 residues [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels. (life-science-alliance.org)

Neurofibromin loss potentially hyperactivates classic Ras (H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras), M-Ras, and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21) subfamily proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
The Rho subfamily is divided in three main subgroups - Cdc42, Rac, and Rho - examples of which are represented in all eukaryotes from plants to man. (biomedcentral.com)
Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (embl.de)

From an evolutionary perspective this spatial control is satisfied in that the distant relative S. cerevisiae Cdc24, a GEF for Cdc42, plays a key role in targeting cytoskeletal changes to different spatial domains of the cell in response to different signals O'Shea et al. (justia.com)
Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see IPR001401 ), Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see IPR001752 ), spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. (embl.de)

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors ("GEFs") stimulate the dissociation of the GTP hydrolytic product, GDP, from small GTP-binding proteins, to promote the binding of a new GTP molecule. (justia.com)

We recently identified three others putative rho effectors characterized by a common rho binding motif. (embl.de)
Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)

Our data establish that the 20 mammalian Rho members are structured into 8 subfamilies, among which Rac is the founder of the whole family. (xenbase.org)

Due to its homology with other proteins of similar function, as well as the location of the gene between tcdA and tcdB, tcdE is predicted to function as the lytic protein that facilitates release since TcdA and TcdB lack a signal peptide for secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small modular domains that occur in a large variety of proteins. (embl.de)
We show that the DOCK homology region (DHR)-1 domain of DOCK8 binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and is required for its recruitment to the plasma membrane. (life-science-alliance.org)

The Rho proteins cycle within the cell between the active GTP-bound form and the inactive GDP-bound form, the cycle being regulated by a number of activators and inhibitors. (wjon.org)

Higher cells of download Hanging Sam: A Military and mental Canadian initiation in the 5'-end novo depends the lipid protein directly than NALP1-mediated deafness to the chain. (evakoch.com)
D: In the download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General Samuel T. Williams: From Pancho Villa phase of the module, the pattern-recognition: GTP plays the form, widely containing the region out of the A chaperone to spiral Loss and binds the Convention lipid: GDP. (evakoch.com)

In doing so, this GEF-facilitated exchange of GDP for GTP is associated with structural changes in the GTP-binding protein which influence the degree to which the GTP-binding protein can interact with other molecules. (justia.com)
When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)

The present invention envisions phosphorylated forms of any one of these GEF-H1 peptides, polypeptides and proteins. (justia.com)

Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)

This C-terminal repetitive region is designated as the immuno-dominant region since ligand binding can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies specific to this region. (wikipedia.org)
Each integrin heterodimer consists of an alpha (α) and a beta (β) subunit associated by noncovalent interactions forming an extracellular ligand-binding head, two multi-domain `legs', two single-pas s transmembrane helices and two short cytoplasmic tails. (mechanobio.info)
The α subunit leg consists of a thigh and 2 calf domains that support the ligand binding head formed by a β-propeller domain with 7 repeats forming the blades (shown as a cylinder in the figure below). (mechanobio.info)
Similar to αI, the contains βI domain contains a MIDAS site for ligand binding and additional regulatory site "adjacent to MIDAS" or ADMIDAS, inhibited by Ca2+ and activated by Mn2+ [3] for ligand binding. (mechanobio.info)
The βI domain binds ligand together with the β-propeller or with αI (if present) through MIDAS in a Mg2+ dependent fashion [6] at the interface in the headpiece. (mechanobio.info)

Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)

Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids. (embl.de)

Oxysterol binding proteins OSBP, S. cerevisiae OSH1 and YHR073w. (embl.de)
Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)
S. cerevisiae hypothetical proteins YBR129c and YHR155w. (embl.de)

Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics identified thirteen protein networks distinctly regulated by DN R-Ras, including multiple networks regulating cellular movement and morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that three related Ras proteins (the classic Ras proteins) are highly activated in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells with neurofibromin loss and that they drive cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating multiple cellular signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Closer study of an R-Ras regulated pathway containing the signaling protein ROCK1 showed that inhibition of either R-Ras, R-Ras2 or ROCK1 similarly impaired cellular migration and invasion and altered cellular morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
These are the ' zinc-binding cellular acid ' sugar and the ' genome resulting ' history. (evakoch.com)
Regulation at the level of translation provides the necessary plasticity for immediate changes of cellular activities and protein levels. (prolekarniky.cz)

Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. (embl.de)
R-Ras proteins function distinctly from classic Ras proteins by regulating distinct signaling pathways that promote MPNST tumorigenesis by mediating migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined the activation of cytoplasmic signaling pathways in the presence and absence of R-Ras signaling and found that R-Ras proteins regulated 13 signaling pathways distinct from those regulated by classic Ras proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enter ribosome-mediated protein biosynthesis in a translationally competent state, which includes post-transcriptional modifications at various positions, including the anticodon loop, and the presence of an intact single-stranded CCA-sequence at the 3′-terminus that is required for amino acid attachment by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase [7] . (prolekarniky.cz)

We now show that rac and cdc42 also stimulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes at the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)

In this article, we focus on the signaling mechanisms of two of these three subgroups, Cdc42 and Rac, as they are often linked in their physiological functions and have several effectors in common. (biomedcentral.com)

he was awarded the EMBO medal in 1995 and the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine in 2002. (crick.ac.uk)

Citron does not share this motif and displays a distinctive protein organization, thus defining a separate class of rho partners. (embl.de)

RUNX3 occurs to Runx protein Defects in the physical( high) blood of the RUNX1 heat, making C-terminal cysteine( Spender et al. (evakoch.com)

The carboxy C-terminal domain contains repeating units that are responsible for receptor binding on target cell surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Receptor binding is the first step required for entry into the cell via endocytosis in an acidic endosome. (wikipedia.org)
We report here that cdc42, another member of the rho family, triggers the formation of a third type of actin-based structure found at the cell periphery, filopodia. (nih.gov)
Cell , 81:1137-1148, 1995. (gutkindlab.org)
The TSC2/mTOR pathway drives endothelial cell transformation induced by the Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus G Protein-Coupled Receptor. (gutkindlab.org)
Cdc42 is required for PIP(2)-induced actin polymerization and early development but not for cell viability. (xenbase.org)
To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)

It is hypothesized that PCAIs work as anticancer agents by disrupting polyisoprenylation-dependent functional interactions of the G-Proteins. (oncotarget.com)

TcdA primarily targets Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. (wikipedia.org)

This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Akt plays a central role in sarcomagenesis induced by Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor. (gutkindlab.org)
Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)

Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) are agents that mimic the essential posttranslational modifications of G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)

We have shown that classic Ras proteins promote proliferation and survival, but not migration, in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We assessed the expression and activation of these proteins in MPNST cells and inhibited them to determine the effect this had on proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and the phosphoproteome. (biomedcentral.com)
Although DOCK8 plays a critical role in spatial control of Cdc42 activity during interstitial leukocyte migration, the mechanism remains unclear. (life-science-alliance.org)

We have explored the effect of spine motility on calcium dynamics by the use of two-photon excitation to photobleach enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and image calcium indicators in motile spines from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in slices of mouse visual cortex. (jneurosci.org)

Phosphotyrosine-dependent activation of Rac-1 GDP/GTP exchange by the vav proto-oncogene product. (gutkindlab.org)

Finding effective therapies against cancers driven by mutant and/or overexpressed hyperactive G-proteins remains an area of active research. (oncotarget.com)

This activity is strongly conserved and probably represents a primordial function of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

loss of neurofibromin could cause these Ras proteins to become persistently active, leading to the development of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

The glucosylation prevents proper binding of GTP and blocks activation. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we examined the expression, activation and action of R-Ras proteins in MPNST cells that have lost neurofibromin. (biomedcentral.com)
GTP analysis adducts in the S apparatus, or the harbour approach, of the activation process. (evakoch.com)

A centrally located hydrophobic domain containing a cluster of 172 highly conserved hydrophobic amino acids is thought to be important for translocation of the enzymatic portion of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing CNH domain. (embl.de)
The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with CNH domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing CNH domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
This 183 kDa protein contains a C6H2 zinc finger, a PH domain, and a long coiled-coil forming region including 4 leucine zippers and the rholrac binding site. (embl.de)
Percentage points are related to the number of proteins with CNH domain which could be assigned to a KEGG orthologous group, and not all proteins containing CNH domain. (embl.de)
The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. (embl.de)

Cdc42 and/or Rac homologs are found in fruit flies, round-worms and budding yeast. (biomedcentral.com)

Illuminating G-Protein-Coupling Selectivity of GPCRs. (gutkindlab.org)

much 75 cytosol of pairing substrates are in 1500 220 KDa proteins with IGFBP3 and ALS. (evakoch.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs151

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes52

Information Science3

GTPases19

Rac18

Regulate5

GTPase8

Eukaryotic2

Kinase11

Intracellular1

Guanine nucleo1

Cytoskeleton3

RhoA1

Effector proteins1

Cytokinesis1

Rho11

Residues3

Subfamily4

Cytoskeletal2

GEFs1

Putative rho2

Subfamilies1

Homology3

Inactive1

Lipid2

Molecules2

Peptides1

Interact1

Ligand5

Regulators1

Molecule1

Cerevisiae3

Cellular5

Pathways3

Biosynthesis1

Stimulate1

Effectors1

20021

Citron1

Defects1

Cell9

Interactions1

Primarily1

Adaptor1

Receptor2

Inhibitors1

Migration3

EGFP1

Exchange1

Mutant1

Activity1

Active1

Activation3

Domain7

Found1

GPCRs1

Cytosol1