1994 quantum machine physicist factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Back in 1994, the American mathematician Peter Shor discovered a quantum algorithm that outperformed its classical equivalent. (technologyreview.com)
Quantum computing can be traced back to the early 1980s, when physicist Paul Benioff proposed a quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine then in 1994, Peter Shor developed a quantum algorithm for factoring integers that had the potential to decrypt all secured communications. (hive.blog)
In 1994, Peter Shor developed a quantum algorithm that could efficiently factor large numbers, an achievement that has significant implications for cryptography. (alvernoalpha.com)
However an algorithm developed by Peter Shor in 1994 shows that factoring would be far more digestible for a quantum computer. (tufts.edu)
We've known about this threat since 1994, when MIT professor Peter Shor developed an algorithm that, if run on a powerful enough quantum computer, could render much of today's encryption standards useless. (idquantique.com)
In 1994, however, interest in quantum computing rose dramatically when mathematician Peter Shor developed a quantum algorithm, which could find the prime factors of large numbers efficiently. (statusneo.com)
Then, in 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, developed a quantum algorithm that could factor numbers much faster than contemporary - or classical - computers. (iitm.ac.in)

There Minsky and Fredkin met with Richard Feynman '39, who would win the 1965 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on quantum electrodynamics. (el-aji.com)
Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin, among others, proposed the idea of quantum computers in the early 1980s. (alvernoalpha.com)
The concept of quantum computing in fact dates back to the 1980s, when physicist Richard Feynman understood that a computing machine following quantum rules could perform some computations faster than a classical computer. (idquantique.com)
The idea to merge quantum mechanics and information theory arose in the 1970s but garnered little attention until 1982, when physicist Richard Feynman gave a talk in which he reasoned that computing based on classical logic could not tractably process calculations describing quantum phenomena . (statusneo.com)

Shor's algorithm factors large numbers and is the crucial element in the process for cracking trapdoor-based codes. (technologyreview.com)
Around the same time, other quantum algorithms, such as Lov Grover's search algorithm, offered further proof of the potential power of quantum computers. (alvernoalpha.com)
The authors of the paper estimate that attacking a terabyte-sized key using Shor's algorithm could require around 2100 operations on a quantum PC, a widespread number similar to the entire variety of bacterial cells on Earth. (jaccblog.com)

Sir Roger Penrose OM FRS HonFInstP (born 8 August 1931) [1] is a British mathematician , mathematical physicist , philosopher of science and Nobel Laureate in Physics . (wikipedia.org)
Together with his father, a physicist and mathematician, Penrose went on to design a staircase that simultaneously loops up and down. (wikipedia.org)

Brian David Josephson FRS (born 4 January 1940) is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. (wikipedia.org)
Theoretical physicist Paul Davies writes that, when looking at the overall structure of the universe, "the impression of design is overwhelming" (1988, p. 203). (infidels.org)
Sanders was a theoretical physicist by training, having written a PhD thesis on quantum optics while at Imperial College London. (iitm.ac.in)

Quantum Computing is the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation. (hive.blog)
Quantum entanglement: This is a phenomenon which means when particles are identical and linked to each other in such a way that if one particle is altered it affects the other no matter the distance between the two particles. (hive.blog)
This superposition, along with the quantum phenomena of entanglement and quantum tunnelling, allows quantum computers to manipulate enormous combinations of states at once. (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computing is a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena , such as superposition and entanglement , to perform operations on data. (statusneo.com)
The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics fell Reborn. (strauch-muelheim.de)
They then get into some cool topics of cosmology: using Type Ia supernovae to measure the rate of expansion of the universe, why infrared observations of those stars are helpful, whether quantum entanglement suggests a substrate on which spacetime resides, the multiverse, and the implications of the Planck length and Higgs field for our very existence. (blogspot.com)

Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University. (wikipedia.org)
Physicist John Waldram recalled overhearing Nicholas Kurti, an examiner from Oxford, discuss Josephson's exam results with David Shoenberg, reader in physics at Cambridge, and asking: "Who is this chap Josephson? (wikipedia.org)
According to one eminent physicist speaking to Physics World, Josephson wrote several papers important enough to assure him a place in the history of physics even without his discovery of the Josephson effect. (wikipedia.org)
Before Anderson and Rowell confirmed the calculations, the American physicist John Bardeen, who had shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics (and who shared it again in 1972), objected to Josephson's work. (wikipedia.org)
Quantum computing as we know it got its start 40 years ago this spring at the first Physics of Computation Conference, organized at MIT's Endicott House by MIT and IBM and attended by nearly 50 researchers from computing and physics-two groups that rarely rubbed shoulders. (el-aji.com)
The deal was that Fredkin would teach Feynman computing, and Feynman would teach Fredkin quantum physics. (el-aji.com)
Fredkin came to understand quantum physics, but he didn't believe it. (el-aji.com)
Quantum computing exists at the intersection of computer science, mathematics, and physics. (tufts.edu)
Preston, who had always been interested in physics and computation, took a MITRE Institute class on quantum computing offered by colleague Joe Clapis and was fascinated. (tufts.edu)
The problem particle physicists now have is that naturalness was the only reason to think that there should be new physics at the LHC. (blogspot.com)
Quantum mechanics emerged as a branch of physics in the early 1900s to explain nature on the scale of atoms and led to advances such as transistors, lasers, and magnetic resonance imaging. (statusneo.com)
In 1901, when the first Nobel Prizes were awarded, the classical areas of physics seemed to rest on a firm basis built by great 19th century physicists and chemists. (nobelprize.org)
Quantum computing, he had understood, involved more than physics. (iitm.ac.in)
On July 4, 2012, physicists around the world celebrate the announcement of the discovery of the Higgs boson-the quantum excitation of the Higgs field that is the linchpin of the standard model of particle physics. (illinois.edu)

Superposition: Superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics which simply means that a particle can be in two or more states at once, this means that unlike bits that must be either 0 or 1 a quantum bit can be 0, 1 or 0 and 1.This makes a qubit up to 9 times stronger than a bit. (hive.blog)
But particle physicists are nervous. (blogspot.com)
For 30 years, particle physicists have told us that the LHC should find something besides that, something exciting: a particle for dark matter, additional dimensions of space, or maybe a new type of symmetry. (blogspot.com)
How have particle physicists reacted to the situation? (blogspot.com)
Regardless of their coping strategy, a lot of particle physicists probably now wish they had never made those predictions. (blogspot.com)

He set up the Mind-Matter Unification Project at the Cavendish to explore the idea of intelligence in nature, the relationship between quantum mechanics and consciousness, and the synthesis of science and Eastern mysticism, broadly known as quantum mysticism. (wikipedia.org)
Quantum mechanics holds that quantities like charge and mass are quantized-made up of discrete, countable units that cannot be subdivided-but that things like space, time, and wave equations are fundamentally continuous. (el-aji.com)
Based on principles of quantum mechanics, quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems faster and more efficiently than classical computers. (alvernoalpha.com)
The concept of quantum computing was first introduced by physicists and computer scientists who were intrigued by the possibility of using quantum mechanics principles to process information. (alvernoalpha.com)
It works on the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems that are intractable on the conventional, classical computers we use today. (tufts.edu)
Relatively few simple principles of quantum mechanics are needed to make quantum computer systems an opportunity, and the subtlety has been in learning to govern these concepts. (jaccblog.com)
We're beginning to get used to bizarre notions from quantum mechanics, even if we don't understand them. (blogspot.com)

In the Beginning , Little, Brown & Co., 1993, pp. 163-4) Just how fine-tuned is the "critical density" factor? (enlightened-spirituality.org)

These guys have found a more efficient way for quantum computers to perform the code-breaking calculations, reducing the resources they require by orders of magnitude. (technologyreview.com)
This allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations much faster than classical computers. (statusneo.com)
These quantum phenomena allow quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical computers. (statusneo.com)
Indeed, other calculations show that stars with lifetimes of more than a billion years, as compared to our sun's lifetime of ten billion years, could not exist if gravity were increased by more than a factor of 3000. (infidels.org)
1973). One problem was that the rate of detection was far in excess, by a factor of 1,000, of what was expected by calculations based on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. (nautil.us)

He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling. (wikipedia.org)
American physicist Philip Anderson, also a future Nobel Prize laureate, spent a year in Cambridge in 1961-1962, and recalled that having Josephson in a class was "a disconcerting experience for a lecturer, I can assure you, because everything had to be right or he would come up and explain it to me after class. (wikipedia.org)
Josephson was 22 years old when he did the work on quantum tunnelling that won him the Nobel Prize. (wikipedia.org)

At the time this article was written, not much has been known about quantum computing and the full potential of blockchain technology hasn't been uncovered. (hive.blog)
This article explains quantum computing, blockchain technology and gives ideas and theories of what may happen when web 3.0 gets entangled in quantum spookiness. (hive.blog)
Analog computers are further divided into quantum simulation , quantum annealing , and adiabatic quantum computation while Digital quantum computers use quantum logic gates in computing. (hive.blog)
Quantum computing is a revolutionary technology that promises to redefine the frontiers of information technology. (alvernoalpha.com)
What is Quantum Computing? (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computing is an area of computing that focuses on developing computer-based technologies centered around the principles of quantum theory. (alvernoalpha.com)
The 21st century has seen remarkable progress in quantum computing, with significant investments from governments, academic institutions, and tech giants like Google, IBM, and Microsoft. (alvernoalpha.com)
Currently, companies like D-Wave Systems and Rigetti Computing have created working quantum computers, albeit with limited qubits and error rates. (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computing has the potential to transform a variety of sectors, including cryptography, optimization, simulation, and machine learning. (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computing could revolutionize cryptography, for better and worse. (alvernoalpha.com)
Despite the tremendous potential of quantum computing, several challenges must be overcome to realize its full promise. (alvernoalpha.com)
Despite the challenges, the future of quantum computing looks promising. (alvernoalpha.com)
With big investments from national governments, academic institutions, and titans of the tech industry like Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Amazon, quantum computing is a hot topic across the globe. (tufts.edu)
But what is quantum computing, and what will these investments fund? (tufts.edu)
The biggest misconception about quantum computing, says Tufts alum Richard Preston, E18 and EG19, is that it's just another evolution in computing technology, notable for being faster than a classical computer. (tufts.edu)
Instead, quantum computing is a different type of computation altogether - one that offers an entire world of new possibilities thanks to the ability to solve problems that are intractable on classical computers. (tufts.edu)
Richard Preston first became interested in quantum computing as a network security engineer at the MITRE Corporation, where he has worked since 2017. (tufts.edu)
Preston dove into quantum computing headfirst. (tufts.edu)
The time in which IBM predicts quantum computing will be mainstream. (idquantique.com)
Companies including IBM and Microsoft are offering quantum computing 'as a service', while providers such as SK Telecom and BT are investing in quantum communication infrastructure. (idquantique.com)
Indeed, a report from Thales found that 72% of organisations believe quantum computing will affect them within five years. (idquantique.com)
72% of organisations believe quantum computing will affect them within five years. (idquantique.com)
What's the big deal about quantum computing? (jaccblog.com)
The journey begins with a discussion of what quantum computing means for both IT workers and groups and individuals. (statusneo.com)
Unlike traditional computing, which uses binary digits or bits (0s and 1s) to represent and process data, quantum computing uses quantum bits or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. (statusneo.com)
Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex optimization problems much more quickly and efficiently than traditional computing , making it a valuable tool for fields such as finance, logistics, and transportation. (statusneo.com)
However, quantum computing is still in its early stages of development, and there are many technical challenges that need to be overcome before it can reach its full potential. (statusneo.com)
Quantum computing and classical computing are two fundamentally different approaches to computing that operate on different principles. (statusneo.com)
In quantum computing, qubits can exist in a state of superposition, which means they can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. (statusneo.com)
In quantum computing, however, error correction is much more difficult because the state of a qubit can be affected by its environment. (statusneo.com)
Why we use quantum computing? (statusneo.com)
Quantum computing is used because it has the potential to solve problems that classical computers are unable to solve efficiently. (statusneo.com)

As a result], the worst case estimate of how many qubits will be needed to factor 2048 bit RSA integers has dropped nearly two orders of magnitude," they say. (technologyreview.com)

In 2015, researchers estimated that a quantum computer would need a billion qubits to do the job reliably. (technologyreview.com)
That's significantly more than the 70 qubits in today's state-of-the-art quantum computers . (technologyreview.com)
Now Gidney and Ekerå have shown how a quantum computer could do the calculation with just 20 million qubits. (technologyreview.com)
Quantum computers make use of qubits instead of the classical bit, this makes them more powerful than a classic computer. (hive.blog)
Current quantum systems are relatively small, with up to a few dozen qubits, but larger machines with thousands or millions of qubits will be required for many practical applications. (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits for short. (tufts.edu)
Even more crucially, qubits must be isolated from the outside environment and from environmental noise that could cause the quantum state to decohere. (tufts.edu)
Quantum computers, on the other hand, operate on qubits, which are quantum bits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. (statusneo.com)

Quantum error correction, another key challenge, involves designing algorithms that can correct errors arising from decoherence and other quantum phenomena. (alvernoalpha.com)
Once microscopic quantum superposition is brought into our macroscopic world, we can imagine many interesting phenomena. (fountainmagazine.com)
Technology can improve dramatically when quantum phenomena are exploited well. (iitm.ac.in)

Quantum computers make use of a quantum mechanical phenomenon, so-called quantum superposition (being in different states simultaneously). (fountainmagazine.com)
Nevertheless, quantum superposition has a strikingly interesting similarity with the spiritual states already achievable by saints, such that they can be available in more than one place at a given time or become dead and alive, in the sense that they live both in the future and in the past. (fountainmagazine.com)

So computer scientists have attempted to calculate the resources such a quantum computer might need and then work out how long it will be until such a machine can be built. (technologyreview.com)
Indeed, computer scientists consider it practically impossible for a classical computer to factor numbers that are longer than 2048 bits, which is the basis of the most commonly used form of RSA encryption. (technologyreview.com)
This ability could have profound implications for materials science and medicine, where scientists could use quantum computers to design new materials or drugs. (alvernoalpha.com)
Scientists then largely believed that quantum computers wouldn't be scalable, and that researchers shouldn't waste time on it. (iitm.ac.in)

Mitigating decoherence is one of the major challenges in building practical quantum computers. (alvernoalpha.com)
Researchers are still early in the process of developing practical quantum computers. (tufts.edu)
This is one of the biggest challenges in developing practical quantum computers. (statusneo.com)

These limitations to early-stage quantum computers are currently being studied by researchers across the globe. (tufts.edu)
If researchers ought to build a quantum PC that would outperform classical supercomputers, the thinking is going, cryptographers could use a selected set of rules called Shor's set of rules to render the RSA cryptosystem unsalvageable. (jaccblog.com)

On the other hand, they also open the door for new types of quantum cryptography , which could offer unprecedented security levels. (alvernoalpha.com)
While classical computers are well-suited for tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, and internet browsing, quantum computers are better suited for tasks like cryptography, optimization, and simulating complex systems. (statusneo.com)

Not until 15 orders of magnitude higher, which is when the quantum structure of spacetime should become noticeable. (blogspot.com)
Another cosmic miracle: the parameters during the sudden inflationary period of the early universe (10 -35 second old), which allowed the universe to become full-blown and stable after it apparently emerged as a mere "bubble" of spacetime, a "ghostlike virtual reality" emanating out of a "quantum fluctuation"-such inflation parameters had to be just right , by a stupendously precise degree. (enlightened-spirituality.org)

In 2012, physicists used a four-qubit quantum computer to factor 143. (technologyreview.com)
Some exist now - IBM, for instance, offers free public use of its five-qubit machines. (tufts.edu)

Many people worry that quantum computers will be able to crack certain codes used to send secure messages. (technologyreview.com)
But quantum computers change this thinking. (technologyreview.com)
These machines are far more powerful than classical computers and should be able to break these codes with ease. (technologyreview.com)
That raises an important question-when will quantum computers be powerful enough to do this? (technologyreview.com)
And since then, quantum computers have been increasing in power. (technologyreview.com)
It's easy to imagine that at this rate of progress, quantum computers should soon be able to outperform the best classical ones. (technologyreview.com)
The reason is that noise becomes a significant problem for large quantum computers. (technologyreview.com)
Quantum computers are divided into Analog and Digital Computers. (hive.blog)
On one hand, quantum computers could potentially crack many of the encryption techniques used today. (alvernoalpha.com)
Quantum computers could solve these problems more efficiently than classical computers, benefiting fields ranging from logistics to machine learning. (alvernoalpha.com)
One of the most natural applications of quantum computers is simulating other quantum systems. (alvernoalpha.com)
Building large-scale quantum computers is a significant challenge due to the difficulty of maintaining quantum coherence in larger systems. (alvernoalpha.com)
Research is ongoing to mitigate the issues of decoherence and error correction, and scalable quantum computers could become a reality in the coming decades. (alvernoalpha.com)
But there are drawbacks to our current early-stage quantum computers. (tufts.edu)
The resources required to maintain a modern quantum computer are substantial - to return to the IBM example, the company super-cools its quantum computers close to absolute zero. (tufts.edu)
Quantum-Inspired World of Computers: Science or Fiction? (fountainmagazine.com)
How about quantum computers? (fountainmagazine.com)
While news of quantum tech used to be reserved for the scientific community, today we see it hit the headlines of many media outlets as the wider world realises that the 'post-quantum era' - a time in which quantum computers and technologies are mainstream - is not that far away. (idquantique.com)
the point at which a quantum computer can solve problems that classical computers can't. (idquantique.com)
RSA isn't always entirely lifeless even if quantum computers are sensible," said Nadia Heninger, an assistant professor of computer and statistics technology at the University of Pennsylvania and a co-creator of the paper. (jaccblog.com)
New algorithms for quantum simulators and one day possibly even quantum computers can solve certain classes of problems more efficiently than classical, purely binary computers [7]. (rapid3d.co.za)
This pandemic has brought a lot more than an alleged novel flu virus, we are living through a war on human consciousness, that has divided humanity into organic and inorganic genetically modified human beings, some of which are now interfacing with quantum computers and 5G technology. (blogs.com)
The magnitude of what is happening is a historic shift of humanity being divided into organic human beings and genetically modified human cyborgs interfacing with 5G and 6G whose biological data is being uploaded onto D-Wave Quantum computers which are storing millions of people's biological data being processed and monitored at all times. (blogs.com)

Genes encode and express themselves via light and radio waves, or acoustical holography (see " Quantum Bioholography", Miller, Miller and Webb, JNLRMI , 2002 ). (blogs.com)

And then everyone started saying, let us build a quantum computer," says Sanders, who is also a visiting faculty at the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru. (iitm.ac.in)

Although this application eventually became the field of quantum simulation, it didn't spark much research activity at the time. (statusneo.com)

In the early 1990s, when Barry Sanders started work on the applications of quantum theory to develop technology, he was entering a field that was not yet fashionable. (iitm.ac.in)

Indeed, lots of the modern infrastructure for a relaxed communique depends closely on the problem of standard mathematics - of factoring, to be exact. (jaccblog.com)
To be good at it, Sanders had to learn computer science, quantum chemistry and a lot of mathematics, some of which were still to be developed. (iitm.ac.in)

Taking this into account dramatically increases the resources required to factor 2048-bit numbers. (technologyreview.com)

When promised that he could speak about whatever he wanted, though, Feynman changed his mind-and laid out his ideas for how to link the two fields in a detailed talk that proposed a way to perform computations using quantum effects themselves. (el-aji.com)
Although this claim has been disputed by other contenders like IBM, it is clear that the power of quantum computer is now reaching a stage where useful computations can be performed. (idquantique.com)

Indeed, the main risk a quantum computer can cause is to cybersecurity. (idquantique.com)
Such developments are leading to a growing awareness among business leaders, alongside IT departments and cybersecurity professionals, as they look at what impact quantum could have on their own organisations. (idquantique.com)

There's a nice Quanta article from 2021 about the Lean system formalizing a different result. (computationalcomplexity.org)

This is true at microscopic scales, e.g. where noise on a quantum level limits how small the structures of processing units can become [2,3]. (rapid3d.co.za)

Shor showed that a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could do this with ease, a result that sent shock waves through the security industry. (technologyreview.com)
On that basis, security experts might well have been able to justify the idea that it would be decades before messages with 2048-bit RSA encryption could be broken by a quantum computer. (technologyreview.com)
The prospect of a cryptographically relevant quantum computer raises big questions for national security. (tufts.edu)
The time in which a quantum computer could break today's encryption. (idquantique.com)
The cut-off date to avert this can arrive sooner than we think: Google lately claimed that its quantum computer systems might be able to perform a calculation that's beyond the attain of any classical laptop using the cease of the yr. (jaccblog.com)
A few weeks ago, a paper surfaced on the Cryptology ePrint Archive asking: "Is it genuine that quantum computer systems will kill RSA? (jaccblog.com)
The authors observe that even though a quantum computer strolling Shor's set of rules could be quicker than a classical PC, the RSA set of rules is faster than each. (jaccblog.com)
However, modern-day studies suggest that a real quantum computer wouldn't be able to perform this in any reasonable amount of time. (jaccblog.com)
From article 'Man-Computer Symbiosis', in IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics (Mar 1960), Vol. HFE-1, 4-11. (todayinsci.com)

At the time, they were very unfashionable and people feared the technological erasure of humanity - as many still do today, in the face of AI and machine learning. (frieze.com)
Moreover, many factors had to be maintained in a perfect balance at various stages over time for the universe to continue its existence. (enlightened-spirituality.org)
the operations that fill most of the time allegedly devoted to technical thinking are operations that can be performed more effectively by machines than by men. (todayinsci.com)
I used to spend more time learning and less time doing than my colleagues," says Sanders, Director of the Institute for Quantum Science and Technology at the University of Calgary in Canada. (iitm.ac.in)

A new study shows that quantum technology will catch up with today's encryption standards much sooner than expected. (technologyreview.com)

It turns out that quantum factoring is much harder in practice than might otherwise be expected. (technologyreview.com)
In practice, it is extremely difficult to keep a quantum state in place long enough to perform useful computation. (tufts.edu)

The security of nearly every online transaction today relies on an RSA cryptosystem that hinges on the intractability of the factoring problem to classical algorithms. (statusneo.com)

Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic and subatomic) level. (alvernoalpha.com)

back, the complicated quantum agreeing with full books is based on, like an potential, had 101 equipment of the several researcher. (joerissens.de)

Physicist-philosopher James Jeans remarked early in the 20th century that the universe looked to him a great deal "more like a great thought than like a great machine. (enlightened-spirituality.org)

Quantum technologies will have a profound effect on the global economy, allowing you to solve complex problems quicker than ever before. (idquantique.com)

As we continue our journey into the quantum realm, we stand on the brink of a new era of information technology that could reshape our world in ways we're just beginning to imagine. (alvernoalpha.com)
While quantum tech will transform the world we live in for the better, it can be harmful in the wrong hands. (idquantique.com)
You'll become acquainted with the physicists who defined the "Urbana spirit" while making seminal discoveries that changed the world. (illinois.edu)

He draws attention to the human factors which underlie these organizations, he correctly links the concept of quality with morals, aesthetics and perception and the subjectivity of the human being who operates within these organizations. (emergentpublications.com)

Earlier anthropological perspectives , which have since been termed the old animism, were concerned with knowledge on what is alive and what factors make something alive. (wikipedia.org)

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