• It has been demonstrated that ozone, probably by means of an oxidative preconditioning (OP) mechanism, protected the liver against the damage mediated by reactive oxygen species. (lomr.org)
  • Several factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1-5), leukotrienes (6), platelet-activation-factor (7) and nitric oxide (8) have been implicated. (lomr.org)
  • Reperfusion of ischemic areas could exacerbate ischemic brain damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tourniquet release during the late period of TKR can induce ischaemic-reperfusion injury, eliciting the activation of neutrophils, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species [ 2 , 3 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Oxygen is required to support life, but its metabolites such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can modify cell functions, endanger cell survival, or both. (scialert.net)
  • A high intracellular calcium concentration and the production excess reactive oxygen species inhibit the mitochondrial electron transport chain causing cell damage [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the pathogenesis of diabetic tendinopathy is still not fully understood, the potential mechanisms by which DM causes and exacerbates tendinopathy are - accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), adipokine dysregulation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death and inflammatory cytokines, imbalance in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/tissue inhibitor (TIMP) ratio, and impaired angiogenesis and tendon sheath differentiation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PGG exhibited antioxidant activity with regard to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging. (molcells.org)
  • The skin is the outermost organ of the human body and is continually exposed to environmental stimuli such as solar radiation, which lead to oxidative stress and induce inflammation through increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). (molcells.org)
  • Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection and cardioprotective modalities after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to identify potential approaches to reduce mortality and improve prognosis in patients with AMI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Donepezil attenuated cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through balancing mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and autophagy[J]. Transl Res, 2021,230:82-97. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Stunned myocardium is myocardium that suffers transient reversible myocardial contractile dysfunction that is caused by acute ischemia during which the blood supply is almost completely restored by reperfusion, with no metabolic deterioration. (medscape.com)
  • In hibernating myocardium, contractile function can be partially or totally restored by improving coronary blood flow or by reducing oxygen demand of the myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • Rahimtoola suggested that hibernating myocardium is characterized by a state of persistently impaired myocardial and LV function at rest due to reduced coronary blood flow that can be partially or completely restored to normal by improving blood flow or by reducing oxygen demand (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Ischemic preconditioning, short periods of ischemia with intermittent reperfusion, has been shown to protect the myocardium from a subsequent longer ischemic insult (21-23). (lomr.org)
  • Myocardial ischemia, which is a reduction in coronary flow such that the oxygen supply to the myocardium is not adequate to supply the oxygen demands of the tissues, is often the cause of this fatal event. (kzoo.edu)
  • Although early reperfusion is the most effective strategy to salvage ischemic myocardium, reperfusion injury can develop with the restoration of blood flow. (bvsalud.org)
  • Systolic wall thickening after coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion in normal and ischemic zones. (medscape.com)
  • Heyndrickx et al observed that after 5 minutes of occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery, surface electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and regional contraction (with reperfusion) rapidly normalized. (medscape.com)
  • 1,2 The idea that early reduction of myocardial oxygen demands and improvement of coronary perfusion might reduce infarct size dates back to the early 1970s. (icrjournal.com)
  • 2 This concept was advanced further in 1976 with the first publication of coronary reperfusion after coronary thrombolysis, 3 and in 1981 when it was proven that thrombolytic reperfusion salvaged myocardial tissue. (icrjournal.com)
  • 6 These findings established the pathophysiological basis for the progression to HF in patients with AMI and were a key milestone toward the development of reperfusion strategies, including primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). (icrjournal.com)
  • Meanwhile, device-based cardioprotective modalities such as cardiac left ventricular unloading, hypothermia, coronary sinus intervention, supersaturated oxygen (SSO2), and remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) have become important areas of research. (bvsalud.org)
  • Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death in the world and therapy to reduce injury is still needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With ischemia in coronary heart disease, impairment of the oxygen supply and metabolic disorder both occur [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cascade of events leading to neuronal injury and death in ischemia includes the release of cytokines and free radicals, and induction of inflammation, apoptosis, and excitotoxicity [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
  • The excessive generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of ROS by abnormal spermatozoa and by contaminating leukocytes has been identified as one of the few defined etiologies for male infertility. (scialert.net)
  • However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
  • Also, aging has been proposed to be a result of continuous reactions of the cell components with oxygen free radicals throughout the life span (Reznick et al . (scialert.net)
  • 1992). These oxygen free radicals can modify DNA, proteins and membrane lipids, leading to cellular degeneration (Olanow, 1992). (scialert.net)
  • The objective of the present work was to establish the association between DNA damage, the energetic metabolism and the effects of the generation of oxygen free radicals in middle gluteal muscle of horses, measured after a severe exercise bout on a treadmill. (scielo.org.ar)
  • These hydrogen ions facilitate the generation of ferrous iron‑mediated free radicals that result in astroglial injury. (amhsr.org)
  • Ischemia and reperfusion can cause serious brain damage in stroke or cardiac arrest. (benbest.com)
  • In this article I attempt to evaluate the nature & extent of ischemic & reperfusion injury -- primarily focused on the impact for cryonics (although certainly relevant to stroke and cardiac arrest). (benbest.com)
  • 5 This finding led to the first report of post-AMI cardiac remodelling in 1990. (icrjournal.com)
  • Also, ozone therapy applied in an experimental model of liver ischemia-reperfusion, protected the organ against the injury caused by this surgical procedure, decreasing transaminases and lactate figures, preserving the hepatocellular integrity and reducing the ROS by the stimulation and/or preservation of the endogenous antioxidant systems (19). (lomr.org)
  • In addition, ozone was able to induce an adaptation to oxidative stress with a preservation of the antioxidant endogenous systems in an animal model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (20). (lomr.org)
  • Cysteine hydropersulfide reduces lipid peroxidation and protects against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury - Are endogenous persulfides mediators of ischaemic preconditioning? (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Substrate depletion in isolated mitochondria is achieved in State 2: ADP is added to induce a transient stimulation of oxygen flux based on oxidation of endogenous substrates. (mitophysiology.org)
  • This interaction increases endogenous production of antioxidants, local perfusion, and oxygen delivery, as well as enhances immune responses. (diegovitello.it)
  • One of the primary causes of ARF is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Inflammatory process and oxidative stress are thought to be the major mechanisms causing I/R. MK-886 is a potent inhibitor of leukotrienes biosynthesis which may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) infiltration into renal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of present study was to assess the effects of MK-886 and DITPA on renal I/R injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 24 Adult males of Swiss albino mice were randomized to four groups: I/R group (n = 6), mice underwent 30 minute bilateral renal ischemia and 48 hr reperfusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of renal function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the primary causes of ARF is I/R which is a drop in blood flow leading to inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to renal tissue which can be caused by, amongst others, surgery, organ transplantation and shock [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In kidneys suffering from ischemia-reperfusion and in renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, NCX extrudes Na + in exchange for Ca 2+ influx, resulting in intracellular Ca 2+ overload and tubular epithelial cell injury (Yamashita J, S Kita, T Iwamoto et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • Microscopic studies of tissues exposed to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) have revealed an acute inflammatory response. (lomr.org)
  • A total of 80 components were identified from JH, and polydatin (PD) was identified as the active ingredient that effectively alleviated lung fibrosis and inflammatory injury in ILD mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • To illustrate the molecular regulatory network of JH and PD in alleviating lung fibrosis and inflammatory injury, we also examined inflammation and fibrosis-related molecules downstream of the AMPK pathway with RTâ qPCR and western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
  • During clinical death, all tissues and organs in the body steadily accumulate a type of injury called ischemic injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ischemia is the condition suffered by tissues & organs when deprived of blood flow -- mostly the effects of inadequate nutrient & oxygen. (benbest.com)
  • HBOT could obviously enhance aterial oxygen level, increase partial pressure of oxygen and improve ischemia in various organs or tissues, decrease acid metabolites and hasten functional recovery of various organs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Without oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis occurs accompanied by lactate accumulation, leading to intracellular acidosis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
  • Cordyceps sinensis extract significantly improved the outcome in rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in terms of neurobehavioral function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The administration of Cordyceps sinensis extract significantly reduced focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ischaemic reperfusion injury (IRI) after tourniquet release during total knee arthroplasty (TKR) is related to postoperative cerebral complications. (medsci.org)
  • Taking into account both protective effects, ischemic and ozone oxidative preconditioning, against liver injury by I/R, the aim of this study is to stablish a comparison between them, in a liver I/R model. (lomr.org)
  • 2000). The high polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the erythrocyte membrane and the continuous exposure to high concentrations of oxygen and iron in heamoglobin are factors that make erythrocytes very sensitive to oxidative injury (Bernabucci et al . (scialert.net)
  • Reduced body temperature, or therapeutic hypothermia, during clinical death slows the rate of injury accumulation, and extends the time period during which clinical death can be survived. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, the above-mentioned Canadian researchers stated the following: "Deliberate elevation of PaCO2 (therapeutic hypercapnia) protects against lung injury induced by lung reperfusion and severe lung stretch. (normalbreathing.com)
  • A therapeutic drug that targets ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is needed and has yet to be developed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed twenty fecal samples taken from four premature infants (4-6 time points from each infant), and found significantly higher diametric ratios of genes associated with low oxygen levels in samples of infants later diagnosed with NEC than in samples without NEC. (osti.gov)
  • Injury following ischemia-reperfusion was significantly worse in the hypocapnia versus control groups. (normalbreathing.com)
  • Considering that tourniquet application during TKR is related to ischaemic injury, the organ protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning can have a beneficial role after tourniquet release during TKR. (medsci.org)
  • Acute ischemia apparently produces minor tissue damage, the major damage is apparently secondary to reperfusion (11). (lomr.org)
  • Reperfusion injury refers to the tissue damage inflicted when blood flow is restored after an ischemic period of more than about ten minutes. (benbest.com)
  • Excess release and over-expression of immflammatory mediators and related immflammatory cytokines could stimulate excess immflammatory reaction, resulting in damage to alvelar-cappilary membrane and increased vascular permeability and ultimately acute lung injury (ALI) [ 5 - 7 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • Abstract : OBJECTIVE To explore the similarities and differences of material basis, action, and mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix(PLR) and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix(PTR) against myocardial cell injury, and compare the differences of relative amount of active ingredients and the effect against H9c2 cells OGD/R injury in different medicated systems. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Cyanidanol-3 (Catechin), which was previously found to be protective against ischemic/reperfusion injury, was used as a reference compound. (kzoo.edu)
  • Deprivation of oxygen supply to the brain tissue leads to activation of the ischemic cascade with a series of molecular mechanisms being activated. (amhsr.org)
  • Brain failure after clinical death is now known to be due to a complex series of processes called reperfusion injury that occur after blood circulation has been restored, especially processes that interfere with blood circulation during the recovery period. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most vulnerable cells in the brain, CA1 neurons of the hippocampus, are fatally injured by as little as 10 minutes without oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on acute lung injury (ALI) and its clinical significance. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lung injury is one of the most serious injuries that are difficult to handle and is a leading cause of death in patients with thoracic trauma [ 1 , 2 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • In our experiment, adult SD rat model of acute lung injury was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into treachea, and life signs and dry-wet ratio of pulmonary tissue were closely observed. (researchsquare.com)
  • Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischaemia/reperfusion injury and infections have made intermediate-term survival after lung transplantation an achievable goal. (ersjournals.com)
  • Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischaemia/reperfusion injury and infections have contributed to increase the 1‐yr patient survival after lung transplantation (LTx) to 70-80% 1 . (ersjournals.com)
  • 2003) Note that, according to many studies, breathing CO2-rich air does not improve blood oxygenation and ventilation-perfusion ratio because CO2 is a powerful respiratory stimulant causing increased minute ventilation, which can worsen existing inflammation and lung injury. (normalbreathing.com)
  • The decrease in the rate of injury can be approximated by the Q10 rule, which states that the rate of biochemical reactions decreases by a factor of two for every 10 °C reduction in temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • This concept of an adaptive process that shuts down the contractile process and decreases myocardial oxygen demand in the presence of chronically or intermittently reduced blood flow has generated considerable interest in clinical and experimental settings. (medscape.com)
  • The hemodynamic consequences of many types of CHD result in impaired tissue oxygen delivery from both hypotension and hypoxemia. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the energy (ATP) generated in the mitochondria requires oxygen, but in the absence of oxygen some energy can be generated in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria by glycolysis , wherein a glucose molecule produces two molecules of ATP and lactate. (benbest.com)
  • The uncoupling of glycolysis and glucose oxidation induces lactate accumulation during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Though the migration of O3 into the medical field has taken a circuitous road since the 19th century, its medicinal value is currently controversial despite compelling research.1 O3is highly water-soluble inorganic molecule composed of three oxygen molecules. (diegovitello.it)
  • Brain injury is therefore the chief limiting factor for recovery from clinical death. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1990, the laboratory of resuscitation pioneer Peter Safar discovered that reducing body temperature by three degrees Celsius after restarting blood circulation could double the time window of recovery from clinical death without brain damage from 5 minutes to 10 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combination of mildly reducing body temperature, reducing blood cell concentration, and increasing blood pressure after resuscitation was found especially effective - allowing for recovery of dogs after 12 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature with practically no brain injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of a drug treatment protocol has been reported to allow recovery of dogs after 16 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature with no lasting brain injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cooling treatment alone has permitted recovery after 17 minutes of clinical death at normal temperature, but with brain injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS By means of network pharmacology, the active components of PLR and PTR against cardiomyocyte OGD/R injury were identified. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Los cromatogramas fueron elaborados en: Instituto de Investigación en BioquÃ-mica y BiologÃ-a Molecular de la UNALM, 2014. (dieselok.md)